Inpatient diabetes management in general medical and surgical settings: Evidence and update

Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research

Volumn 7, Issue 5, 2007, Pages 491-502

  Wexler, Deborah J ^a  

^a MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

Inpatient diabetes management; Intensive glycemic control; Tight glycemic control

Indexed keywords

2,4 THIAZOLIDINEDIONE DERIVATIVE; DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE IV INHIBITOR; GLUCAGON LIKE PEPTIDE 1 DERIVATIVE; GLUCOCORTICOID; GLUCOSE; HEMOGLOBIN A1C; INSULIN; INSULIN ASPART; INSULIN DETEMIR; INSULIN GLARGINE; INSULIN GLULISINE; INSULIN LISPRO; ISOPHANE INSULIN; METFORMIN; SULFONYLUREA;

BLOOD GLUCOSE MONITORING; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMORBIDITY; CONTINUOUS INFUSION; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; COST CONTROL; CRITICALLY ILL PATIENT; DIABETES CONTROL; DIABETES EDUCATION; DIABETES MELLITUS; DRUG DOSE TITRATION; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; HEALTH CARE QUALITY; HOSPITAL CARE; HOSPITAL PATIENT; HOSPITALIZATION COST; HUMAN; HYPERGLYCEMIA; HYPOGLYCEMIA; IMMUNE DEFICIENCY; INSULIN RESISTANCE; INTENSIVE CARE; INTESTINAL DYSMOTILITY; LACTIC ACIDOSIS; LENGTH OF STAY; LUNG EDEMA; MEDICATION ERROR; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PATIENT EDUCATION; PERIPHERAL EDEMA; PROGNOSIS; REVIEW; RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS; RISK REDUCTION; SELF CARE; UNITED STATES;

EID: 36248996535     PISSN: 14737167     EISSN: 17448379     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1586/14737167.7.5.491     Document Type: Review

References (47)

1. Levetan CS, Passaro M, Jablonski K, Kass M, Ratner RE. Unrecognized diabetes among hospitalized patients. Diabetes Care 21(2), 246-249 (1998).
2. Aubert RE, Geiss LS, Ballard DJ, Cocanougher B, Herman WH. Diabetes-related hospitalization and hospital utilization. In: Diabetes in America (2nd Edition). National Institutes of Health, USA, 553-569 (1995).
3. Van den Berghe G, Wouters P, Weekers F et al. Intensive insulin therapy in the critically ill patients. N. Engl. J. Med. 345(19), 1359-1367 (2001).
4. Clement S, Braithwaite SS, Magee MF et al. Management of diabetes and hyperglycemia in hospitals. Diabetes Care 27(2), 553-591 (2004).
5. Furnary AP, Gao G, Grunkemeier GL et al. Continuous insulin infusion reduces mortality in patients with diabetes undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 125(5), 1007-1021 (2003).
6. Furnary AP, Wu Y, Bookin SO. Effect of hyperglycemia and continuous intravenous insulin infusions on outcomes of cardiac surgical procedures: the Portland Diabetic Project. Endocr. Pract. 10(Suppl. 2), 21-33 (2004).
7. Lazar HL, Chipkin SR, Fitzgerald CA, Bao Y, Cabral H, Apstein CS. Tight glycemic control in diabetic coronary artery bypass graft patients improves perioperative outcomes and decreases recurrent ischemic events. Circulation 109(12), 1497-1502 (2004).
8. Malmberg K. Prospective randomised study of intensive insulin treatment on long term survival after acute myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes mellitus. DIGAMI (Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin Glucose Infusion in Acute Myocardial Infarction) Study Group. Br. Med J. 314(7093), 1512-1515 (1997).
9. Malmberg K, Ryden L, Vedel H et al. Intense metabolic control by means of insulin in patients with diabetes mellitus and acute myocardial infarction (DIGAMI 2): effects on mortality and morbidity. Eur. Heart J. 26(7), 650-661 (2005).
10. Van den Berghe G, Wilmer A. Hermans G et al. Intensive insulin therapy in the medical ICU. N. Engl. J. Med. 354(5), 449-461 (2006).
11. Wexler DJ, Cagliero E. Inpatient diabetes management in non-ICU settings: evidence and stratgies. Curr. Diabetes Rev. 3(4) (2007) (In Press.).
12. Umpierrez GE, Isaacs SD, Bazargan N, You X, Thaler LM, Kitabchi AE. Hyperglycemia: an independent marker of in-hospital mortality in patients with undiagnosed diabetes. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 87(3), 978-982 (2002).
13. McAlister FA, Majumdar SR, Blitz S, Rowe BH, Romney J, Marrie TJ. The relation between hyperglycemia and outcomes in 2,471 patients admitted to the hospital with community-acquired pneumonia. Diabetes Care 28(4), 810-815 (2005).
14. Baker EH, Janaway CH, Philips BJ et al. Hyperglycaemia is associated with poor outcomes in patients admitted to hospital with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 61(4), 284-289 (2006).
15. Kosiborod M, Rathore SS, Inzucchi SE et al. Admission glucose and mortality in elderly patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction: implications for patients with and without recognized diabetes. Circulation 111(23), 3078-306 (2005).
16. Malmberg K, Norhammar A, Vedel H, Ryden L. Glycometabolic state at admission: important risk marker of mortality in conventionally treated patients with diabetes mellitus and acute myocardial infarction: long-term results from the Diabetes and Insulin-Glucose Infusion in Acute Myocardial Infarction (DIGAMI) study. Circulation 99(20), 2626-2632 (1999).
17. Weir CJ, Murray GD, Dyker AG, Lees KR. Is hyperglycaemia an independent predictor of poor outcome after acute stroke? Results of a long-term follow up study. Br. Med. J. 314(7090), 1303-1306 (1997).
18. Capes SE, Hunt D, Malmberg Y, Pathak P, Gerstein HC. Stress hyperglycemia and prognosis of stroke in nondiabetic and diabetic patients: a systematic overview. Stroke 32(10), 2426-2432 (2001).
19. Svensson A-M, McGuire DK, Abrahamsson P, Dellborg M. Association between hyper- and hypoglycaemia and 2 year all-cause mortality risk in diabetic patients with acute coronary events. Eur. Heart J. 26(13), 1255-1261 (2005).
20. Pinto DS, Skolnick AH, Kirtane AJ et al. U-shaped relationship of blood glucose. with adverse outcomes among patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol 46(1), 178-180 (2005).
21. Kagansky N, Levy S, Rimon E et al. Hypoglycemia as a predictor of mortality in hospitalized elderly patients. Arch. Intern. Med 163(15), 1825-1829 (2003).
22. Krinsley JS, Grover A. Severe hypoglycemia in critically ill patients: risk factors and outcomes. Crit. Care Med. (2007) (Epub ahead of print).
23. Boucai L, Louard R, Zonszein J. Six months mortality related to inpatient glycemic levels. Diabetes 56(Suppl. 1) (2007) (Abstract 571-P).
24. Delamaire M, Maugendre D, Moreno M, Le Goff MC, Allannic H, Genetet B. Impaired leucocyte functions in diabetic patients. Diabet. Med. 14(1), 29-34 (1997).
25. Inzucchi SE. Management of hyperglycemia in the hospital setting. N. Engl. J. Med. 355(18), 1903-1911 (2006).
26. Gallacher SJ, Thomson G, Fraser WD, Fisher BM, Gemmell CG, MacCuish AC. Neutrophil bactericidal function in diabetes mellitus: evidence for association with blood glucose control. Diabet. Med. 12(10), 916-920 (1995).
27. Van den Berghe G. How does blood glucose control with insulin save lives in intensive care? J. Clin. Invest. 114(9), 1187-1195 (2004).
28. Abourizk NN, Vora CK, Verma PK. Inpatient diabetology. The new frontier. J. Gen. Intern. Med. 19(5 Pt 1), 466-47, (2004).
29. Vanhorebeek I, De Vos R, Mesorten D, Wouters PJ, De Wolf-Peeters C, Van den Berghe G. Protection of hepatocyte mitochondrial ultrastructure and function by strict blood glucose control with insulin in critically ill patients. Lancet 365(9453), 53-59 (2005).
30. MacRury SM, Gemmell CG, Paterson KR, MacCuish AC. Changes in phagocytic function with glycaemic control in diabetic patients. J. Clin. Pathol. 42(11), 1143-1147 (1989).
31. Nielson CP, Hindson DA, Inhibition of polymorphonuclear leukocyte respiratory burst by elevated glucose concentrations in vitro. Diabetes 38(8), 1031-1035 (1989).
32. Furnary AP, Zerr KJ, Grunkemeier GL, Starr A. Continuous intravenous insulin infusion reduces the incidence of deep sternal wound infection in diabetic patients after cardiac surgical procedures. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 67(2), 352-360 (1999).
33. Zerr KJ, Furnary AP, Grunkemeier GL, Bookin S, Kanhere V, Starr A. Glucose control lowers the risk of wound infection in diabetics after open heart operations. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 63(2), 356-361 (1997).
34. Grey NJ, Perdrizet GA. Reduction of nosocomial infections in the surgical intensive-care unit by strict glycemic control. Endocr. Pract. 10(Suppl. 2), 46-52 (2004).
35. Pomposelli JJ, Baxter JK II, Babineau TJ et al. Early postoperative glucose control predicts nosocomial infection rate in diabetic patients. JPEN J. Parenter. Enteral Nutr. 22(2), 77-81 (1998).
36. Vriesendorp TM, Morelis QJ, Devries JH, Legemate DA, Hoekstra JB. Early post-operative glucose levels are an independent risk factor fbr infection after peripheral vascular surgery. A retrospective study. Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg. 28(5), 520-525 (2004).
37. Vriesendorp TM, DeVries JH, Hulscher JB, Holleman F, van Lanschot JJ, Hockstra JB. Early postoperative hyperglycaemia is not a risk factor for infectious complications and prolonged in-hospital stay in patients undergoing oesophagectomy: a retrospective analysis of a prospective trial. Crit. Care 8(6), R437-R442 (2004).
38. Nissen SE, Wolski K. Effect of rosiglitazone on the risk of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes. N. Engl. J. Med. 356(24), 2457-2471 (2007).
39. Garber AJ, Moghissi ES, Bransome ED Jr. et al. American College of Endocrinology Position Statement on inpatient diabetes and metabolic control. Endocr. Pract. 10(Suppl. 2); 4-9 (2004).
40. Gearhart JG, Duncan JL II, Replogle WH, Forbes RC, Walley EJ. Efficacy of sliding scale insulin therapy: a comparison with prospective regimens. Fam Pract. Res. J. 14(4), 313-322 (1994).
41. Moghissi ES, Hirsch IB. Hospital management of diabetes. Endocrinol. Metab. Clin North Am. 34(1), 99-116 (2005).
42. Gaster B, Hirsch IB. Sliding scale insulin use and rates of hyperglycemia. Arch. Intern. Med. 158(1), 95 (1998).
43. Gill G, MacFarlane I. Are sliding-scale insulin regimens a recipe for diabetic instability? Lancet 349(9064), 1555 (1997).
44. Golightly LK, Jones MA, Hammura DH, Stolpman NM, McDermott MT. Management of diabetes mellitus in hospitalized patients: efficiency and effectiveness of sliding-scale insulin therapy. Pharmacotherapy 26(10), 1421-1432 (2006).
45. Queale WS, Seidler AJ, Brancati FL. Glycemic control and sliding scale insulin use in medical inpatients with diabetes mellitus. Arch. Intern. Med. 157(5), 545-552 (1997).
46. Radack HB. Sliding scale insulin use. Arch. Intern. Med. 157(15). 1776 (1997).
47. The ACE/ADA Task Force on Inpatient Diabetes. American College of Endocrinology and American Diabetes Association Consensus Statement on inpatient Diabetes and Glycemic Control: a call to action. Diabetes Care 29(8), 1955-1962 (2006).