메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 67, Issue 16, 2007, Pages 2335-2353

Estrogen receptor modulators and down regulators: Optimal use in postmenopausal women with breast cancer

Author keywords

Arzoxifene, therapeutic use; Breast cancer, treatment; Droloxifene, therapeutic use; EM 800, therapeutic use; Fulvestrant, therapeutic use; Idoxifene, therapeutic use; Raloxifene, therapeutic use; Research and development; SR 16234, therapeutic use

Indexed keywords

21 (4 DIETHYLAMINOMETHYL 2 METHOXYPHENOXY) 7ALPHA METHYL 19 NORPREGNA 1,3,5(10) TRIEN 3 OL; 4 [4 METHYL 2 [4 [2 (1 PIPERIDINYL)ETHOXY]PHENYL] 7 PIVALOYLOXY 2H 1 BENZOPYRAN 3 YLPHENYL] PIVALATE; ACOLBIFENE; ALENDRONIC ACID; ANASTROZOLE; ANTIESTROGEN; ARZOXIFENE; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2 INHIBITOR; DIETHYLSTILBESTROL; DROLOXIFENE; ESTRADIOL; ESTROGEN RECEPTOR; ESTROGEN RECEPTOR ALPHA; ESTROGEN RECEPTOR BETA; EXEMESTANE; FULVESTRANT; IDOXIFENE; LETROZOLE; MEDROXYPROGESTERONE; N BUTYL 11 (3,17BETA DIHYDROXYESTRA 1,3,5(10) TRIEN 7ALPHA YL) N METHYLUNDECANAMIDE; PLACEBO; RALOXIFENE; RETINOID; RISEDRONIC ACID; SELECTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATOR; TAMOXIFEN; TOREMIFENE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; ZK 253; ZK 703;

EID: 35948982235     PISSN: 00126667     EISSN: 00126667     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2165/00003495-200767160-00004     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (45)

References (139)
  • 1
    • 50549123220 scopus 로고
    • On the treatment of inoperable cases of carcinoma of the mamma: Suggestions for a new method of treatment, with illustrative cases
    • Beatson G. On the treatment of inoperable cases of carcinoma of the mamma: suggestions for a new method of treatment, with illustrative cases. Lancet 1896; II: 105-7
    • (1896) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 105-107
    • Beatson, G.1
  • 2
    • 0037192501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular determinants for the tissue specificity of SERMs
    • Shang Y, Brown M. Molecular determinants for the tissue specificity of SERMs. Science 2002; 295: 2465-8
    • (2002) Science , vol.295 , pp. 2465-2468
    • Shang, Y.1    Brown, M.2
  • 3
    • 0032446607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The structural basis of estrogen receptor/coactivator recognition and the antagonism of this interaction by tamoxifen
    • Shiau AK, Barstad D, Loria PM, et al. The structural basis of estrogen receptor/coactivator recognition and the antagonism of this interaction by tamoxifen. Cell 1998; 95: 927-37
    • (1998) Cell , vol.95 , pp. 927-937
    • Shiau, A.K.1    Barstad, D.2    Loria, P.M.3
  • 4
    • 0030667676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular basis of agonism and antagonism in the oestrogen receptor
    • Brzozowski AM, Pike AC, Dauter Z, et al. Molecular basis of agonism and antagonism in the oestrogen receptor. Nature 1997; 389: 753-8
    • (1997) Nature , vol.389 , pp. 753-758
    • Brzozowski, A.M.1    Pike, A.C.2    Dauter, Z.3
  • 5
    • 2642544810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estrogen receptor (ER) modulators each induce distinct conformational changes in ER alpha and ER beta
    • Paige LA, Christensen DJ, Gron H, et al. Estrogen receptor (ER) modulators each induce distinct conformational changes in ER alpha and ER beta. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96: 3999-4004
    • (1999) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.96 , pp. 3999-4004
    • Paige, L.A.1    Christensen, D.J.2    Gron, H.3
  • 6
    • 0035099225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural insights into the mode of action of a pure antiestrogen
    • Pike AC, Brzozowski AM, Walton J, et al. Structural insights into the mode of action of a pure antiestrogen. Structure 2001; 9: 145-53
    • (2001) Structure , vol.9 , pp. 145-153
    • Pike, A.C.1    Brzozowski, A.M.2    Walton, J.3
  • 7
    • 0026395885 scopus 로고
    • A potent specific pure antiestrogen with clinical potential
    • Wakeling AE, Dukes M, Bowler J. A potent specific pure antiestrogen with clinical potential. Cancer Res 1991; 51: 3867-73
    • (1991) Cancer Res , vol.51 , pp. 3867-3873
    • Wakeling, A.E.1    Dukes, M.2    Bowler, J.3
  • 8
    • 0035884408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Robertson JF, Nicholson RI, Bundred NJ, et al. Comparison of the short-term biological effects of 7alpha-(9-[,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentylsulfinyl]- nonyl)estra-1,3,5, (10)-triene-3,17beta-diol (Faslodex) versus tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with primary breast cancer. Cancer Res 2001; 61: 6739-46
    • Robertson JF, Nicholson RI, Bundred NJ, et al. Comparison of the short-term biological effects of 7alpha-(9-[,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentylsulfinyl]- nonyl)estra-1,3,5, (10)-triene-3,17beta-diol (Faslodex) versus tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with primary breast cancer. Cancer Res 2001; 61: 6739-46
  • 9
    • 10744226748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of new estrogen receptor destabilizing compounds: Effects on estrogen-sensitive and tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer
    • Hoffmann J, Bohlmann R, Heinrich N, et al. Characterization of new estrogen receptor destabilizing compounds: effects on estrogen-sensitive and tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2004; 96: 210-8
    • (2004) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.96 , pp. 210-218
    • Hoffmann, J.1    Bohlmann, R.2    Heinrich, N.3
  • 10
    • 0344121253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Both N- and C-terminal transactivation functions of DNA-bound ERalpha are blocked by a novel synthetic estrogen ligand
    • Yamamoto Y, Wada O, Takada I, et al. Both N- and C-terminal transactivation functions of DNA-bound ERalpha are blocked by a novel synthetic estrogen ligand. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 312: 656-62
    • (2003) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.312 , pp. 656-662
    • Yamamoto, Y.1    Wada, O.2    Takada, I.3
  • 11
    • 0032537990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tamoxifen for prevention of breast cancer: Report of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project P-1 Study
    • Fisher B, Costantino JP, Wickerham DL, et al. Tamoxifen for prevention of breast cancer: report of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project P-1 Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 1998; 90: 1371-88
    • (1998) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.90 , pp. 1371-1388
    • Fisher, B.1    Costantino, J.P.2    Wickerham, D.L.3
  • 12
    • 0026585852 scopus 로고
    • Effects of tamoxifen on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with breast cancer
    • Love RR, Mazess RB, Barden HS, et al. Effects of tamoxifen on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. N Engl J Med 1992; 326: 852-6
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.326 , pp. 852-856
    • Love, R.R.1    Mazess, R.B.2    Barden, H.S.3
  • 13
    • 0030070093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of tamoxifen on bone mineral density measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in healthy premenopausal and postmenopausal women
    • Powles TJ, Hickish T, Kanis JA, et al. Effect of tamoxifen on bone mineral density measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in healthy premenopausal and postmenopausal women. J Clin Oncol 1996; 14: 78-84
    • (1996) J Clin Oncol , vol.14 , pp. 78-84
    • Powles, T.J.1    Hickish, T.2    Kanis, J.A.3
  • 14
    • 18544381541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of raloxifene on vertebral fracture risk reduction in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: Four-year results from a randomized clinical trial
    • Delmas PD, Ensrud KE, Adachi JD, et al. Efficacy of raloxifene on vertebral fracture risk reduction in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: four-year results from a randomized clinical trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87: 3609-17
    • (2002) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.87 , pp. 3609-3617
    • Delmas, P.D.1    Ensrud, K.E.2    Adachi, J.D.3
  • 15
    • 10944221233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toremifene and tamoxifen are equally effective for early-stage breast cancer: First results of International Breast Cancer Study Group Trials 12-93 and 14-93
    • Pagani O, Gelber S, Price K, et al. Toremifene and tamoxifen are equally effective for early-stage breast cancer: first results of International Breast Cancer Study Group Trials 12-93 and 14-93. Ann Oncol 2004; 15: 1749-59
    • (2004) Ann Oncol , vol.15 , pp. 1749-1759
    • Pagani, O.1    Gelber, S.2    Price, K.3
  • 16
    • 13844267669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer of the endometrium: Current aspects of diagnostics and treatment
    • Munstedt K, Grant P, Woenckhaus J, et al. Cancer of the endometrium: current aspects of diagnostics and treatment. World J Surg Oncol 2004; 2: 24
    • (2004) World J Surg Oncol , vol.2 , pp. 24
    • Munstedt, K.1    Grant, P.2    Woenckhaus, J.3
  • 17
    • 0033575083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of raloxifene on risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women: Results from the MORE randomized trial. Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation
    • Cummings SR, Eckert S, Krueger KA, et al. The effect of raloxifene on risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women: results from the MORE randomized trial. Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation. Jama 1999; 281: 2189-97
    • (1999) Jama , vol.281 , pp. 2189-2197
    • Cummings, S.R.1    Eckert, S.2    Krueger, K.A.3
  • 18
    • 15644370745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure-activity relationships of selective estrogen receptor modulators: Modifications to the 2-arylbenzothiophene core of raloxifene
    • Grese TA, Cho S, Finley DR, et al. Structure-activity relationships of selective estrogen receptor modulators: modifications to the 2-arylbenzothiophene core of raloxifene. J Med Chem 1997; 40: 146-67
    • (1997) J Med Chem , vol.40 , pp. 146-167
    • Grese, T.A.1    Cho, S.2    Finley, D.R.3
  • 19
    • 0345567604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular determinants of tissue selectivity in estrogen receptor modulators
    • Grese TA, Sluka JP, Bryant HU, et al. Molecular determinants of tissue selectivity in estrogen receptor modulators. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94: 14105-10
    • (1997) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.94 , pp. 14105-14110
    • Grese, T.A.1    Sluka, J.P.2    Bryant, H.U.3
  • 20
    • 0027433696 scopus 로고
    • Antiuterotrophic effects of the pure antioestrogen ICI 182,780 in adult female monkeys (Macaca nemestrina): Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging
    • Dukes M, Waterton JC, Wakeling AE. Antiuterotrophic effects of the pure antioestrogen ICI 182,780 in adult female monkeys (Macaca nemestrina): quantitative magnetic resonance imaging. J Endocrinol 1993; 138: 203-10
    • (1993) J Endocrinol , vol.138 , pp. 203-210
    • Dukes, M.1    Waterton, J.C.2    Wakeling, A.E.3
  • 21
    • 0037011660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phase I trial to assess the pharmacology of the new oestrogen receptor antagonist fulvestrant on the endometrium in healthy postmenopausal volunteers
    • Addo S, Yates RA, Laight A. A phase I trial to assess the pharmacology of the new oestrogen receptor antagonist fulvestrant on the endometrium in healthy postmenopausal volunteers. Br J Cancer 2002; 87: 1354-9
    • (2002) Br J Cancer , vol.87 , pp. 1354-1359
    • Addo, S.1    Yates, R.A.2    Laight, A.3
  • 22
    • 0001005262 scopus 로고
    • Long-term tamoxifen therapy for the treatment of breast cancer
    • Fritsch M, Jordan VC. Long-term tamoxifen therapy for the treatment of breast cancer. Cancer Control 1994; 1: 356-66
    • (1994) Cancer Control , vol.1 , pp. 356-366
    • Fritsch, M.1    Jordan, V.C.2
  • 23
    • 0015915672 scopus 로고
    • Anti-oestrogen therapy for breast cancer: A trial of tamoxifen at two dose levels
    • Ward HW. Anti-oestrogen therapy for breast cancer: a trial of tamoxifen at two dose levels. Br Med J 1973; 1: 13-4
    • (1973) Br Med J , vol.1 , pp. 13-14
    • Ward, H.W.1
  • 24
    • 0017041430 scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic use of tamoxifen in advanced breast cancer: Correlation with biochemical parameters
    • Morgan Jr LR, Schein PS, Woolley PV, et al. Therapeutic use of tamoxifen in advanced breast cancer: correlation with biochemical parameters. Cancer Treat Rep 1976; 60: 1437-43
    • (1976) Cancer Treat Rep , vol.60 , pp. 1437-1443
    • Morgan Jr, L.R.1    Schein, P.S.2    Woolley, P.V.3
  • 25
    • 0019239132 scopus 로고
    • Adjuvant endocrine therapy of primary operable breast cancer: Report on the Copenhagen breast cancer trials
    • Palshof T, Mouridsen HT, Daehnfeldt JL. Adjuvant endocrine therapy of primary operable breast cancer: report on the Copenhagen breast cancer trials. Eur J Cancer 1980; Suppl. 1: 183-7
    • (1980) Eur J Cancer , vol.1 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 183-187
    • Palshof, T.1    Mouridsen, H.T.2    Daehnfeldt, J.L.3
  • 26
    • 0033051859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EM-652 (SCH 57068), a third generation SERM acting as pure antiestrogen in the mammary gland and endometrium
    • Labrie F, Labrie C, Belanger A, et al. EM-652 (SCH 57068), a third generation SERM acting as pure antiestrogen in the mammary gland and endometrium. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1999; 69: 51-84
    • (1999) J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol , vol.69 , pp. 51-84
    • Labrie, F.1    Labrie, C.2    Belanger, A.3
  • 27
    • 0028084758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dx new pure antiestrogen (ICI 182780) in women with primary breast cancer. Cancer Res 1994; 54: 408-14
    • Dx new pure antiestrogen (ICI 182780) in women with primary breast cancer. Cancer Res 1994; 54: 408-14
  • 28
    • 19944427846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TAS-108, a novel oral steroidal antiestrogenic agent, is a pure antagonist on estrogen receptor alpha and a partial agonist on estrogen receptor beta with low uterotrophic effect
    • Yamamoto Y, Shibata J, Yonekura K, et al. TAS-108, a novel oral steroidal antiestrogenic agent, is a pure antagonist on estrogen receptor alpha and a partial agonist on estrogen receptor beta with low uterotrophic effect. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 11: 315-22
    • (2005) Clin Cancer Res , vol.11 , pp. 315-322
    • Yamamoto, Y.1    Shibata, J.2    Yonekura, K.3
  • 29
    • 4143136438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of TAS-108 in postmenopausal female patients with locally advanced, locally recurrent inoperable, or progressive metastatic breast cancer
    • Blakely LJ, Buzdar A, Chang HY, et al. A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of TAS-108 in postmenopausal female patients with locally advanced, locally recurrent inoperable, or progressive metastatic breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2004; 10: 5425-31
    • (2004) Clin Cancer Res , vol.10 , pp. 5425-5431
    • Blakely, L.J.1    Buzdar, A.2    Chang, H.Y.3
  • 30
    • 12144261535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TAS-108: A novel steroidal antiestrogen
    • s
    • Buzdar AU. TAS-108: a novel steroidal antiestrogen. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 11: 906-8s
    • (2005) Clin Cancer Res , vol.11 , pp. 906-908
    • Buzdar, A.U.1
  • 31
    • 0036838070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estrogen receptor breast cancer phenotypes in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database
    • Anderson WF, Chatterjee N, Ershler WB, et al. Estrogen receptor breast cancer phenotypes in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2002; 76: 27-36
    • (2002) Breast Cancer Res Treat , vol.76 , pp. 27-36
    • Anderson, W.F.1    Chatterjee, N.2    Ershler, W.B.3
  • 32
    • 0018219234 scopus 로고
    • Hormone receptors: Their role in predicting prognosis and response to endocrine therapy
    • McGuire WL. Hormone receptors: their role in predicting prognosis and response to endocrine therapy. Semin Oncol 1978; 5: 428-33
    • (1978) Semin Oncol , vol.5 , pp. 428-433
    • McGuire, W.L.1
  • 33
    • 0034688931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR), by ligand-binding assay compared with ER, PgR and pS2, by immuno-histochemistry in predicting response to tamoxifen in metastatic breast cancer: A Southwest Oncology Group Study
    • Elledge RM, Green S, Pugh R, et al. Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR), by ligand-binding assay compared with ER, PgR and pS2, by immuno-histochemistry in predicting response to tamoxifen in metastatic breast cancer: a Southwest Oncology Group Study. Int J Cancer 2000; 89: 111-7
    • (2000) Int J Cancer , vol.89 , pp. 111-117
    • Elledge, R.M.1    Green, S.2    Pugh, R.3
  • 34
    • 0032412818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between prognostic and predictive factors in the management of breast cancer
    • Henderson IC, Patek AJ. The relationship between prognostic and predictive factors in the management of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1998; 52: 261-88
    • (1998) Breast Cancer Res Treat , vol.52 , pp. 261-288
    • Henderson, I.C.1    Patek, A.J.2
  • 35
    • 33646198056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benefit from adjuvant tamoxifen therapy in primary breast cancer patients according oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, EGF receptor and HER2 status
    • Dowsett M, Houghton J, Iden C, et al. Benefit from adjuvant tamoxifen therapy in primary breast cancer patients according oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, EGF receptor and HER2 status. Ann Oncol 2006; 17: 818-26
    • (2006) Ann Oncol , vol.17 , pp. 818-826
    • Dowsett, M.1    Houghton, J.2    Iden, C.3
  • 36
    • 0032413474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C-erbB2 expression predicts tamoxifen efficacy in breast cancer patients
    • De Placido S, Carlomagno C, De Laurentiis M, et al. C-erbB2 expression predicts tamoxifen efficacy in breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1998; 52: 55-64
    • (1998) Breast Cancer Res Treat , vol.52 , pp. 55-64
    • De Placido, S.1    Carlomagno, C.2    De Laurentiis, M.3
  • 37
    • 0142181118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anastrozole alone or in combination with tamoxifen versus tamoxifen alone for adjuvant treatment of postmenopausal women with early-stage breast cancer: Results of the ATAC (Arimidex, Tamoxifen Alone or in Combination) trial efficacy and safety update analyses
    • Baum M, Buzdar A, Cuzick J, et al. Anastrozole alone or in combination with tamoxifen versus tamoxifen alone for adjuvant treatment of postmenopausal women with early-stage breast cancer: results of the ATAC (Arimidex, Tamoxifen Alone or in Combination) trial efficacy and safety update analyses. Cancer 2003; 98: 1802-10
    • (2003) Cancer , vol.98 , pp. 1802-1810
    • Baum, M.1    Buzdar, A.2    Cuzick, J.3
  • 38
    • 0021328482 scopus 로고
    • Multiple progesterone receptor assays in human breast cancer
    • Gross GE, Clark GM, Chamness GC, et al. Multiple progesterone receptor assays in human breast cancer. Cancer Res 1984; 44: 836-40
    • (1984) Cancer Res , vol.44 , pp. 836-840
    • Gross, G.E.1    Clark, G.M.2    Chamness, G.C.3
  • 39
    • 0029005525 scopus 로고
    • Progesterone and estrogen receptors and mammary neoplasia in the Iowa Women's Health Study: How many kinds of breast cancer are there?
    • Potter JD, Cerhan JR, Sellers TA, et al. Progesterone and estrogen receptors and mammary neoplasia in the Iowa Women's Health Study: how many kinds of breast cancer are there? Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1995; 4: 319-26
    • (1995) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , vol.4 , pp. 319-326
    • Potter, J.D.1    Cerhan, J.R.2    Sellers, T.A.3
  • 40
    • 32944457272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrospective analysis of time to recurrence in the ATAC trial according to hormone receptor status: An hypothesis-generating study
    • Dowsett M, Cuzick J, Wale C, et al. Retrospective analysis of time to recurrence in the ATAC trial according to hormone receptor status: an hypothesis-generating study. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23: 7512-7
    • (2005) J Clin Oncol , vol.23 , pp. 7512-7517
    • Dowsett, M.1    Cuzick, J.2    Wale, C.3
  • 41
    • 34250680938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allred DC, on behalf of the TransATAC investigators. Relationship between quantitative ER and PgR expression and HER2 status with recurrence in the ATAC trial
    • abstract no. 48, Dec 14-17; San Antonio TX
    • Dowsett M, Allred DC, on behalf of the TransATAC investigators. Relationship between quantitative ER and PgR expression and HER2 status with recurrence in the ATAC trial [abstract no. 48]. Annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2006 Dec 14-17; San Antonio (TX)
    • (2006) Annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium
    • Dowsett, M.1
  • 42
    • 33845296200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cantral review of ER, PgR and HER-2 in BIG 1-98 evaluating letrozole vs. tamoxifen as adjuvant endocrine therapy for postmenopausal women with receptor-positive breast cancer [abstract no. 44]
    • Vaile G, Regan M, Dell'Orto P, et al. Cantral review of ER, PgR and HER-2 in BIG 1-98 evaluating letrozole vs. tamoxifen as adjuvant endocrine therapy for postmenopausal women with receptor-positive breast cancer [abstract no. 44]. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2005; 94 (Suppl. 1): S13
    • (2005) Breast Cancer Res Treat , vol.94 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Vaile, G.1    Regan, M.2    Dell'Orto, P.3
  • 43
    • 33144456352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolving role of letrozole in the adjuvant setting: First results from the large, phase III, randomized trial BIG 1-98
    • Monnier A. The evolving role of letrozole in the adjuvant setting: first results from the large, phase III, randomized trial BIG 1-98. Breast 2006; 15 Suppl. 1: S21-29
    • (2006) Breast , vol.15 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Monnier, A.1
  • 44
    • 33646820342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of early adjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy: Contributions from the BIG 1-98 letrozole trial
    • Forbes JF. The use of early adjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy: contributions from the BIG 1-98 letrozole trial. Semin Oncol 2006; 33: S2-7
    • (2006) Semin Oncol , vol.33
    • Forbes, J.F.1
  • 45
    • 0034669435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anastrozole versus tamoxifen as first-line therapy for advanced breast cancer in 668 postmenopausal women: Results of the Tamoxifen or Arimidex Randomized Group Efficacy and Tolerability study
    • Bonneterre J, Thurlimann B, Robertson JF, et al. Anastrozole versus tamoxifen as first-line therapy for advanced breast cancer in 668 postmenopausal women: results of the Tamoxifen or Arimidex Randomized Group Efficacy and Tolerability study. J Clin Oncol 2000; 18: 3748-57
    • (2000) J Clin Oncol , vol.18 , pp. 3748-3757
    • Bonneterre, J.1    Thurlimann, B.2    Robertson, J.F.3
  • 46
    • 0343584508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Superior efficacy of letrozole versus tamoxifen as first-line therapy for postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer: Results of a phase III study of the International Letrozole Breast Cancer Group
    • Mouridsen H, Gershanovich M, Sun Y, et al. Superior efficacy of letrozole versus tamoxifen as first-line therapy for postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer: results of a phase III study of the International Letrozole Breast Cancer Group. J Clin Oncol 2001; 19: 2596-606
    • (2001) J Clin Oncol , vol.19 , pp. 2596-2606
    • Mouridsen, H.1    Gershanovich, M.2    Sun, Y.3
  • 47
    • 0019382847 scopus 로고
    • Randomized clinical trial of diethylstilbestrol versus tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer
    • Ingle JN, Ahmann DL, Green SJ, et al. Randomized clinical trial of diethylstilbestrol versus tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer. N Engl J Med 1981; 304: 16-21
    • (1981) N Engl J Med , vol.304 , pp. 16-21
    • Ingle, J.N.1    Ahmann, D.L.2    Green, S.J.3
  • 48
    • 0028145106 scopus 로고
    • Tamoxifen versus high-dose oral medroxyprogesterone acetate as initial endocrine therapy for patients with metastatic breast cancer: A Piedmont Oncology Association study
    • Muss HB, Case LD, Atkins JN, et al. Tamoxifen versus high-dose oral medroxyprogesterone acetate as initial endocrine therapy for patients with metastatic breast cancer: a Piedmont Oncology Association study. J Clin Oncol 1994; 12: 1630-8
    • (1994) J Clin Oncol , vol.12 , pp. 1630-1638
    • Muss, H.B.1    Case, L.D.2    Atkins, J.N.3
  • 49
    • 33645848503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tamoxifen flare hypercalcemia: An additional support for gallium nitrate usage
    • Arumugam GP, Sundravel S, Shanthi P, et al. Tamoxifen flare hypercalcemia: an additional support for gallium nitrate usage. J Bone Miner Metab 2006; 24: 243-7
    • (2006) J Bone Miner Metab , vol.24 , pp. 243-247
    • Arumugam, G.P.1    Sundravel, S.2    Shanthi, P.3
  • 50
    • 0035367157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic flare: Indicator of hormone responsiveness in advanced breast cancer
    • Mortimer JE, Dehdashti F, Siegel BA, et al. Metabolic flare: indicator of hormone responsiveness in advanced breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2001; 19: 2797-803
    • (2001) J Clin Oncol , vol.19 , pp. 2797-2803
    • Mortimer, J.E.1    Dehdashti, F.2    Siegel, B.A.3
  • 51
    • 0023772717 scopus 로고
    • Bone scan flare predicts successful systemic therapy for bone metastases
    • Coleman RE, Mashiter G, Whitaker KB, et al. Bone scan flare predicts successful systemic therapy for bone metastases. J Nucl Med 1988; 29: 1354-9
    • (1988) J Nucl Med , vol.29 , pp. 1354-1359
    • Coleman, R.E.1    Mashiter, G.2    Whitaker, K.B.3
  • 52
    • 0028197549 scopus 로고
    • The flare phenomenon: Far from fair and square
    • van Schelven WD, Pauwels EK. The flare phenomenon: far from fair and square. Eur J Nucl Med 1994; 21: 377-80
    • (1994) Eur J Nucl Med , vol.21 , pp. 377-380
    • van Schelven, W.D.1    Pauwels, E.K.2
  • 53
    • 0038460245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase III study of letrozole versus tamoxifen as first-line therapy of advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women: Analysis of survival and update of efficacy from the International Letrozole Breast Cancer Group
    • Mouridsen H, Gershanovich M, Sun Y, et al. Phase III study of letrozole versus tamoxifen as first-line therapy of advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women: analysis of survival and update of efficacy from the International Letrozole Breast Cancer Group. J Clin Oncol 2003; 21: 2101-9
    • (2003) J Clin Oncol , vol.21 , pp. 2101-2109
    • Mouridsen, H.1    Gershanovich, M.2    Sun, Y.3
  • 54
    • 0037841365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anastrozole versus tamoxifen as first-line therapy in postmenopausal patients with hormone-dependent advanced breast cancer: A prospective, randomized, phase III study
    • Milla-Santos A, Milla L, Portella J, et al. Anastrozole versus tamoxifen as first-line therapy in postmenopausal patients with hormone-dependent advanced breast cancer: a prospective, randomized, phase III study. Am J Clin Oncol 2003; 26: 317-22
    • (2003) Am J Clin Oncol , vol.26 , pp. 317-322
    • Milla-Santos, A.1    Milla, L.2    Portella, J.3
  • 55
    • 0035127464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase III randomized trial of toremifene vs tamoxifen in hormonodependant advanced breast cancer
    • Milla-Santos A, Milla L, Rallo L, et al. Phase III randomized trial of toremifene vs tamoxifen in hormonodependant advanced breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2001; 65: 119-24
    • (2001) Breast Cancer Res Treat , vol.65 , pp. 119-124
    • Milla-Santos, A.1    Milla, L.2    Rallo, L.3
  • 56
    • 2642657654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of toremifene and tamoxifen in post-menopausal patients with advanced breast cancer: A randomized double-blind, the 'nordic' phase III study
    • Pyrhonen S, Valavaara R, Modig H, et al. Comparison of toremifene and tamoxifen in post-menopausal patients with advanced breast cancer: a randomized double-blind, the 'nordic' phase III study. Br J Cancer 1997; 76: 270-7
    • (1997) Br J Cancer , vol.76 , pp. 270-277
    • Pyrhonen, S.1    Valavaara, R.2    Modig, H.3
  • 57
    • 0029084658 scopus 로고
    • Randomized comparison of tamoxifen and two separate doses of toremifene in postmenopausal patients with metastatic breast cancer
    • Hayes DF, Van Zyl JA, Hacking A, et al. Randomized comparison of tamoxifen and two separate doses of toremifene in postmenopausal patients with metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1995; 13: 2556-66
    • (1995) J Clin Oncol , vol.13 , pp. 2556-2566
    • Hayes, D.F.1    Van Zyl, J.A.2    Hacking, A.3
  • 58
    • 9844266794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phase III comparison of two toremifene doses to tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer: Eastern European Study Group
    • Gershanovich M, Garin A, Baltina D, et al. A phase III comparison of two toremifene doses to tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer: Eastern European Study Group. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1997; 45: 251-62
    • (1997) Breast Cancer Res Treat , vol.45 , pp. 251-262
    • Gershanovich, M.1    Garin, A.2    Baltina, D.3
  • 59
    • 0032724683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of trials comparing toremifene with tamoxifen and factors predicting outcome of antiestrogen therapy in postmenopausal women with breast cancer
    • Pyrhonen S, Ellmen J, Vuorinen J, et al. Meta-analysis of trials comparing toremifene with tamoxifen and factors predicting outcome of antiestrogen therapy in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1999; 56: 133-43
    • (1999) Breast Cancer Res Treat , vol.56 , pp. 133-143
    • Pyrhonen, S.1    Ellmen, J.2    Vuorinen, J.3
  • 60
    • 0036754601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tamoxifen versus toremifene in the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer
    • Holli K. Tamoxifen versus toremifene in the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 2002; 38 Suppl. 6: S37-38
    • (2002) Eur J Cancer , vol.38 , Issue.SUPPL. 6
    • Holli, K.1
  • 61
    • 0035991549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase III randomized trial of droloxifene and tamoxifen as first-line endocrine treatment of ER/PgR-positive advanced breast cancer
    • Buzdar A, Hayes D, El-Khoudary A, et al. Phase III randomized trial of droloxifene and tamoxifen as first-line endocrine treatment of ER/PgR-positive advanced breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2002; 73: 161-75
    • (2002) Breast Cancer Res Treat , vol.73 , pp. 161-175
    • Buzdar, A.1    Hayes, D.2    El-Khoudary, A.3
  • 62
    • 0345269296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Idoxifene versus tamoxifen: A randomized comparison in postmenopausal patients with metastatic breast cancer
    • Arpino G, Nair Krishnan M, Doval Dinesh C, et al. Idoxifene versus tamoxifen: a randomized comparison in postmenopausal patients with metastatic breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2003; 14: 233-41
    • (2003) Ann Oncol , vol.14 , pp. 233-241
    • Arpino, G.1    Nair Krishnan, M.2    Doval Dinesh, C.3
  • 63
    • 0032967580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sonographic assessment of the endometrium in osteopenic postmenopausal women treated with idoxifene
    • Fleischer AC, Wheeler JE, Yeh IT, et al. Sonographic assessment of the endometrium in osteopenic postmenopausal women treated with idoxifene. J Ultrasound Med 1999; 18: 503-12
    • (1999) J Ultrasound Med , vol.18 , pp. 503-512
    • Fleischer, A.C.1    Wheeler, J.E.2    Yeh, I.T.3
  • 64
    • 0034193122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of high dose raloxifene in selected patients with advanced breast carcinoma
    • Gradishar W, Glusman J, Lu Y, et al. Effects of high dose raloxifene in selected patients with advanced breast carcinoma. Cancer 2000; 88: 2047-53
    • (2000) Cancer , vol.88 , pp. 2047-2053
    • Gradishar, W.1    Glusman, J.2    Lu, Y.3
  • 65
    • 0030664688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of raloxifene on bone mineral density, serum cholesterol concentrations, and uterine endometrium in postmenopausal women
    • Delmas PD, Bjarnason NH, Mitlak BH, et al. Effects of raloxifene on bone mineral density, serum cholesterol concentrations, and uterine endometrium in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 1641-7
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.337 , pp. 1641-1647
    • Delmas, P.D.1    Bjarnason, N.H.2    Mitlak, B.H.3
  • 66
    • 0037138787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Raloxifene and cardiovascular events in osteoporotic postmenopausal women: Four-year results from the MORE (Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation) randomized trial
    • Barrett-Connor E, Grady D, Sashegyi A, et al. Raloxifene and cardiovascular events in osteoporotic postmenopausal women: four-year results from the MORE (Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation) randomized trial. JAMA 2002; 287: 847-57
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.287 , pp. 847-857
    • Barrett-Connor, E.1    Grady, D.2    Sashegyi, A.3
  • 67
    • 33749002851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of raloxifene on the incidence of invasive breast cancer in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis categorized by breast cancer risk
    • Lippman ME, Cummings SR, Disch DP, et al. Effect of raloxifene on the incidence of invasive breast cancer in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis categorized by breast cancer risk. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12: 5242-7
    • (2006) Clin Cancer Res , vol.12 , pp. 5242-5247
    • Lippman, M.E.1    Cummings, S.R.2    Disch, D.P.3
  • 68
    • 33645317399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Raloxifene reduces fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis
    • Reginster JY, Devogelaer JP. Raloxifene reduces fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2006; 443: 48-54
    • (2006) Clin Orthop Relat Res , vol.443 , pp. 48-54
    • Reginster, J.Y.1    Devogelaer, J.P.2
  • 69
    • 0037445127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase II, randomized, double-blind study of two dose levels of arzoxifene in patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer
    • Buzdar A, O'Shaughnessy JA, Booser DJ, et al. Phase II, randomized, double-blind study of two dose levels of arzoxifene in patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2003; 21: 1007-14
    • (2003) J Clin Oncol , vol.21 , pp. 1007-1014
    • Buzdar, A.1    O'Shaughnessy, J.A.2    Booser, D.J.3
  • 70
    • 0141613777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial comparing two doses of arzoxifene (LY353381) in hormone-sensitive advanced or metastatic breast cancer patients
    • Baselga J, Llombart-Cussac A, Bellet M, et al. Randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial comparing two doses of arzoxifene (LY353381) in hormone-sensitive advanced or metastatic breast cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2003; 14: 1383-90
    • (2003) Ann Oncol , vol.14 , pp. 1383-1390
    • Baselga, J.1    Llombart-Cussac, A.2    Bellet, M.3
  • 71
    • 33644775813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arzoxifene: The development and clinical outcome of an ideal SERM
    • Munster PN. Arzoxifene: the development and clinical outcome of an ideal SERM. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2006; 15: 317-26
    • (2006) Expert Opin Investig Drugs , vol.15 , pp. 317-326
    • Munster, P.N.1
  • 72
    • 33745090795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Future perspectives of selective estrogen receptor modulators used alone and in combination with DHEA
    • Labrie F. Future perspectives of selective estrogen receptor modulators used alone and in combination with DHEA. Endocr Relat Cancer 2006; 13: 335-55
    • (2006) Endocr Relat Cancer , vol.13 , pp. 335-355
    • Labrie, F.1
  • 73
    • 2442648038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of fulvestrant versus tamoxifen for the treatment of advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women previously untreated with endocrine therapy: A multinational, double-blind, randomized trial
    • Howell A, Robertson JF, Abram P, et al. Comparison of fulvestrant versus tamoxifen for the treatment of advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women previously untreated with endocrine therapy: a multinational, double-blind, randomized trial. J Clin Oncol 2004; 22: 1605-13
    • (2004) J Clin Oncol , vol.22 , pp. 1605-1613
    • Howell, A.1    Robertson, J.F.2    Abram, P.3
  • 74
    • 3342946114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anastrozole ('Arimidex') versus tamoxifen as first-line therapy in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer: Results of the double-blind cross-over SAKK trial 21/95. A sub-study of the TARGET (Tamoxifen or 'Arimidex' Randomized Group Efficacy and Tolerability) trial
    • Thurlimann B, Hess D, Koberle D, et al. Anastrozole ('Arimidex') versus tamoxifen as first-line therapy in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer: results of the double-blind cross-over SAKK trial 21/95. A sub-study of the TARGET (Tamoxifen or 'Arimidex' Randomized Group Efficacy and Tolerability) trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2004; 85: 247-54
    • (2004) Breast Cancer Res Treat , vol.85 , pp. 247-254
    • Thurlimann, B.1    Hess, D.2    Koberle, D.3
  • 75
    • 0028246412 scopus 로고
    • The importance of tamoxifen metabolism in tamoxifen-stimulated breast tumor growth
    • Osborne CK, Jarman M, McCague R, et al. The importance of tamoxifen metabolism in tamoxifen-stimulated breast tumor growth. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1994; 34: 89-95
    • (1994) Cancer Chemother Pharmacol , vol.34 , pp. 89-95
    • Osborne, C.K.1    Jarman, M.2    McCague, R.3
  • 76
    • 0034490211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-resistance of triphenylethylene-type antiestrogens but not ICI 182,780 in tamoxifen-stimulated breast tumors grown in athymic mice
    • Lee ES, Schafer JM, Yao K, et al. Cross-resistance of triphenylethylene-type antiestrogens but not ICI 182,780 in tamoxifen-stimulated breast tumors grown in athymic mice. Clin Cancer Res 2000; 6: 4893-9
    • (2000) Clin Cancer Res , vol.6 , pp. 4893-4899
    • Lee, E.S.1    Schafer, J.M.2    Yao, K.3
  • 77
    • 0037138745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of raloxifene after tamoxifen on breast and endometrial tumor growth in athymic mice
    • O'Regan RM, Gajdos C, Dardes RC, et al. Effects of raloxifene after tamoxifen on breast and endometrial tumor growth in athymic mice. J Natl Cancer Inst 2002; 94: 274-83
    • (2002) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.94 , pp. 274-283
    • O'Regan, R.M.1    Gajdos, C.2    Dardes, R.C.3
  • 79
    • 11244296162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of tamoxifen resistance
    • Ring A, Dowsett M. Mechanisms of tamoxifen resistance. Endocr Relat Cancer 2004; 11: 643-58
    • (2004) Endocr Relat Cancer , vol.11 , pp. 643-658
    • Ring, A.1    Dowsett, M.2
  • 80
    • 28044447607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The apoptotic action of estrogen following exhaustive antihormonal therapy: A new clinical treatment strategy
    • Jordan VC, Lewis JS, Osipo C, et al. The apoptotic action of estrogen following exhaustive antihormonal therapy: a new clinical treatment strategy. Breast 2005; 14: 624-30
    • (2005) Breast , vol.14 , pp. 624-630
    • Jordan, V.C.1    Lewis, J.S.2    Osipo, C.3
  • 81
    • 12144288941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A cancer research (UK) randomized phase II study of idoxifene in patients with locally advanced/metastatic breast cancer resistant to tamoxifen
    • Johnston SR, Gumbrell LA, Evans TR, et al. A cancer research (UK) randomized phase II study of idoxifene in patients with locally advanced/metastatic breast cancer resistant to tamoxifen. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2004; 53: 341-8
    • (2004) Cancer Chemother Pharmacol , vol.53 , pp. 341-348
    • Johnston, S.R.1    Gumbrell, L.A.2    Evans, T.R.3
  • 82
    • 0023683229 scopus 로고
    • Phase II evaluation of Ly156758 in metastatic breast cancer
    • Buzdar AU, Marcus C, Holmes F, et al. Phase II evaluation of Ly156758 in metastatic breast cancer. Oncology 1988; 45: 344-5
    • (1988) Oncology , vol.45 , pp. 344-345
    • Buzdar, A.U.1    Marcus, C.2    Holmes, F.3
  • 83
    • 1542503724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activity and safety of the antiestrogen EM-800, the orally active precursor of acolbifene, in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer
    • Labrie F, Champagne P, Labrie C, et al. Activity and safety of the antiestrogen EM-800, the orally active precursor of acolbifene, in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2004; 22: 864-71
    • (2004) J Clin Oncol , vol.22 , pp. 864-871
    • Labrie, F.1    Champagne, P.2    Labrie, C.3
  • 84
    • 1542346452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of selective estrogen receptor modulators and selective estrogen receptor down-regulators in breast cancer
    • Howell SJ, Johnston SR, Howell A. The use of selective estrogen receptor modulators and selective estrogen receptor down-regulators in breast cancer. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 18: 47-66
    • (2004) Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.18 , pp. 47-66
    • Howell, S.J.1    Johnston, S.R.2    Howell, A.3
  • 85
    • 0038683988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fulvestrant versus anastrozole for the treatment of advanced breast carcinoma in postmenopausal women: A prospective combined analysis of two multicenter trials
    • Robertson JF, Osborne CK, Howell A, et al. Fulvestrant versus anastrozole for the treatment of advanced breast carcinoma in postmenopausal women: a prospective combined analysis of two multicenter trials. Cancer 2003; 98: 229-38
    • (2003) Cancer , vol.98 , pp. 229-238
    • Robertson, J.F.1    Osborne, C.K.2    Howell, A.3
  • 86
    • 0037102121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fulvestrant, formerly ICI 182,780, is as effective as anastrozole in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer progressing after prior endocrine treatment
    • Howell A, Robertson JF, Quaresma Albano J, et al. Fulvestrant, formerly ICI 182,780, is as effective as anastrozole in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer progressing after prior endocrine treatment. J Clin Oncol 2002; 20: 3396-403
    • (2002) J Clin Oncol , vol.20 , pp. 3396-3403
    • Howell, A.1    Robertson, J.F.2    Quaresma Albano, J.3
  • 87
    • 0037102126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Double-blind, randomized trial comparing the efficacy and tolerability of fulvestrant versus anastrozole in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer progressing on prior endocrine therapy: Results of a North American trial
    • Osborne CK, Pippen J, Jones SE, et al. Double-blind, randomized trial comparing the efficacy and tolerability of fulvestrant versus anastrozole in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer progressing on prior endocrine therapy: results of a North American trial. J Clin Oncol 2002; 20: 3386-95
    • (2002) J Clin Oncol , vol.20 , pp. 3386-3395
    • Osborne, C.K.1    Pippen, J.2    Jones, S.E.3
  • 88
    • 33947305973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fulvestrant versus exemestane following prior non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor therapy: First results from EFECT, a randomized, phase III trial in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer
    • abstract no. 12, Dec 14-17; San Antonio TX
    • Gradishar W, Chia S, Piccard M, et al. Fulvestrant versus exemestane following prior non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor therapy: first results from EFECT, a randomized, phase III trial in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer [abstract no. 12]. Annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2006 Dec 14-17; San Antonio (TX)
    • (2006) Annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium
    • Gradishar, W.1    Chia, S.2    Piccard, M.3
  • 89
    • 33644984327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fulvestrant in women with advanced breast cancer after progression on prior aromatase inhibitor therapy: North Central Cancer Treatment Group Trial N0032
    • Ingle JN, Suman VJ, Rowland KM, et al. Fulvestrant in women with advanced breast cancer after progression on prior aromatase inhibitor therapy: North Central Cancer Treatment Group Trial N0032. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24: 1052-6
    • (2006) J Clin Oncol , vol.24 , pp. 1052-1056
    • Ingle, J.N.1    Suman, V.J.2    Rowland, K.M.3
  • 90
    • 9644294233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response to fulvestrant in heavily pretreated postmenopausal women: A single-center experience
    • Franco S, Perez A, Tan-Chiu E, et al. Response to fulvestrant in heavily pretreated postmenopausal women: a single-center experience. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2004; 88: 103-8
    • (2004) Breast Cancer Res Treat , vol.88 , pp. 103-108
    • Franco, S.1    Perez, A.2    Tan-Chiu, E.3
  • 91
    • 0038182776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phase III trial of sequential adjuvant chemotherapy for operable breast carcinoma: Final analysis with 10-year follow-up
    • Assikis V, Buzdar A, Yang Y, et al. A phase III trial of sequential adjuvant chemotherapy for operable breast carcinoma: final analysis with 10-year follow-up. Cancer 2003; 97: 2716-23
    • (2003) Cancer , vol.97 , pp. 2716-2723
    • Assikis, V.1    Buzdar, A.2    Yang, Y.3
  • 92
    • 0026591069 scopus 로고
    • Chemotherapy versus tamoxifen versus chemotherapy plus tamoxifen in node-positive, oestrogen-receptor positive breast cancer patients: An update at 7 years of the 1st GROCTA (Breast Cancer Adjuvant Chemo-Hormone Therapy Cooperative Group) trial
    • Boccardo F, Rubagotti A, Amoroso D, et al. Chemotherapy versus tamoxifen versus chemotherapy plus tamoxifen in node-positive, oestrogen-receptor positive breast cancer patients: an update at 7 years of the 1st GROCTA (Breast Cancer Adjuvant Chemo-Hormone Therapy Cooperative Group) trial. Eur J Cancer 1992; 28: 673-80
    • (1992) Eur J Cancer , vol.28 , pp. 673-680
    • Boccardo, F.1    Rubagotti, A.2    Amoroso, D.3
  • 93
    • 0019778153 scopus 로고
    • Adjuvant therapy of stage II breast cancer: 48-month follow-up of a prospective randomized clinical trial
    • Hubay CA, Pearson OH, Marshall JS, et al. Adjuvant therapy of stage II breast cancer: 48-month follow-up of a prospective randomized clinical trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1981; 1: 77-82
    • (1981) Breast Cancer Res Treat , vol.1 , pp. 77-82
    • Hubay, C.A.1    Pearson, O.H.2    Marshall, J.S.3
  • 94
    • 0023838859 scopus 로고
    • Prospective random-ised trial of tamoxifen versus surgery in elderly patients with breast cancer
    • Gazet JC, Markopoulos C, Ford HT, et al. Prospective random-ised trial of tamoxifen versus surgery in elderly patients with breast cancer. Lancet 1988; I: 679-81
    • (1988) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 679-681
    • Gazet, J.C.1    Markopoulos, C.2    Ford, H.T.3
  • 95
    • 0026594612 scopus 로고
    • Mastectomy or tamoxifen as initial therapy for operable breast cancer in elderly patients: 5-year follow-up
    • Robertson JF, Ellis IO, Elston CW, et al. Mastectomy or tamoxifen as initial therapy for operable breast cancer in elderly patients: 5-year follow-up. Eur J Cancer 1992; 28A: 908-10
    • (1992) Eur J Cancer , vol.28 A , pp. 908-910
    • Robertson, J.F.1    Ellis, I.O.2    Elston, C.W.3
  • 96
    • 0025869592 scopus 로고
    • Breast cancer in elderly women: A Cancer Research Campaign trial comparing treatment with tamoxifen and optimal surgery with tamoxifen alone. The Elderly Breast Cancer Working Party
    • Bates T, Riley DL, Houghton J, et al. Breast cancer in elderly women: a Cancer Research Campaign trial comparing treatment with tamoxifen and optimal surgery with tamoxifen alone. The Elderly Breast Cancer Working Party. Br J Surg 1991; 78: 591-4
    • (1991) Br J Surg , vol.78 , pp. 591-594
    • Bates, T.1    Riley, D.L.2    Houghton, J.3
  • 97
    • 12244294506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tamoxifen alone versus adjuvant tamoxifen for operable breast cancer of the elderly: Long-term results of the phase III randomized controlled multicenter GRETA trial
    • Mustacchi G, Ceccherini R, Milani S, et al. Tamoxifen alone versus adjuvant tamoxifen for operable breast cancer of the elderly: long-term results of the phase III randomized controlled multicenter GRETA trial. Ann Oncol 2003; 14: 414-20
    • (2003) Ann Oncol , vol.14 , pp. 414-420
    • Mustacchi, G.1    Ceccherini, R.2    Milani, S.3
  • 98
    • 0035201505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Locally advanced primary breast cancer: Medium-term results of a randomised trial of multimodal therapy versus initial hormone therapy
    • Tan SM, Cheung KL, Willsher PC, et al. Locally advanced primary breast cancer: medium-term results of a randomised trial of multimodal therapy versus initial hormone therapy. Eur J Cancer 2001; 37: 2331-8
    • (2001) Eur J Cancer , vol.37 , pp. 2331-2338
    • Tan, S.M.1    Cheung, K.L.2    Willsher, P.C.3
  • 99
    • 0242541296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neoadjuvant tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors: Comparisons and clinical outcomes
    • Dixon JM, Jackson J, Renshaw L, et al. Neoadjuvant tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors: comparisons and clinical outcomes. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2003; 86: 295-9
    • (2003) J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol , vol.86 , pp. 295-299
    • Dixon, J.M.1    Jackson, J.2    Renshaw, L.3
  • 100
    • 0035884620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Letrozole is more effective neoadjuvant endocrine therapy than tamoxifen for ErbB-1-and/or ErbB-2-positive, estrogen receptor-positive primary breast cancer: Evidence from a phase III randomized trial
    • Ellis MJ, Coop A, Singh B, et al. Letrozole is more effective neoadjuvant endocrine therapy than tamoxifen for ErbB-1-and/or ErbB-2-positive, estrogen receptor-positive primary breast cancer: evidence from a phase III randomized trial. J Clin Oncol 2001; 19: 3808-16
    • (2001) J Clin Oncol , vol.19 , pp. 3808-3816
    • Ellis, M.J.1    Coop, A.2    Singh, B.3
  • 101
    • 1842863554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • on behalf of the IMPACT Trialists. Comparison of anastrozole vs tamoxifen alone and in combination as neoadjuvant treatment of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) operable breast cancer in postmenopausal women: The IMPACT trial
    • Smith I, Dowsett M, on behalf of the IMPACT Trialists. Comparison of anastrozole vs tamoxifen alone and in combination as neoadjuvant treatment of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) operable breast cancer in postmenopausal women: the IMPACT trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2003; 82 Suppl. 1: S6
    • (2003) Breast Cancer Res Treat , vol.82 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Smith, I.1    Dowsett, M.2
  • 102
    • 24644490871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neoadjuvant treatment of postmenopausal breast cancer with anastrozole, tamoxifen, or both in combination: The Immediate Preoperative Anastrozole, Tamoxifen, or Combined with Tamoxifen (IMPACT) multicenter double-blind randomized trial
    • Smith IE, Dowsett M, Ebbs SR, et al. Neoadjuvant treatment of postmenopausal breast cancer with anastrozole, tamoxifen, or both in combination: the Immediate Preoperative Anastrozole, Tamoxifen, or Combined with Tamoxifen (IMPACT) multicenter double-blind randomized trial. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23: 5108-16
    • (2005) J Clin Oncol , vol.23 , pp. 5108-5116
    • Smith, I.E.1    Dowsett, M.2    Ebbs, S.R.3
  • 103
    • 33646371731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of anastrozole versus tamoxifen as preoperative therapy in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer: The Pre-Operative 'Arimidex' compared to Tamoxifen (PROACT) trial
    • Cataliotti L, Buzdar AU, Noguchi S, et al. Comparison of anastrozole versus tamoxifen as preoperative therapy in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer: the Pre-Operative 'Arimidex' compared to Tamoxifen (PROACT) trial. Cancer 2006; 106: 2095-103
    • (2006) Cancer , vol.106 , pp. 2095-2103
    • Cataliotti, L.1    Buzdar, A.U.2    Noguchi, S.3
  • 104
    • 0035692576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preoperative treatment of postmenopausal breast cancer patients with letrozole: A randomized double-blind multicenter study
    • Eiermann W, Paepke S, Appfelstaedt J, et al. Preoperative treatment of postmenopausal breast cancer patients with letrozole: a randomized double-blind multicenter study. Ann Oncol 2001; 12: 1527-32
    • (2001) Ann Oncol , vol.12 , pp. 1527-1532
    • Eiermann, W.1    Paepke, S.2    Appfelstaedt, J.3
  • 105
    • 77956028902 scopus 로고
    • Controlled trial of tamoxifen as adjuvant agent in management of early breast cancer: Interim analysis at four years by Nolvadex Adjuvant Trial Organisation
    • Nolvadex Adjuvant Trial Organisation
    • Nolvadex Adjuvant Trial Organisation. Controlled trial of tamoxifen as adjuvant agent in management of early breast cancer: interim analysis at four years by Nolvadex Adjuvant Trial Organisation. Lancet 1983; I: 257-61
    • (1983) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 257-261
  • 106
    • 20244382099 scopus 로고
    • Randomized trial of adjuvant tamoxifen in node negative postmenopausal breast cancer: Stockholm Breast Cancer Study Group
    • Rutqvist LE, Cedermark B, Glas U, et al. Randomized trial of adjuvant tamoxifen in node negative postmenopausal breast cancer: Stockholm Breast Cancer Study Group. Acta Oncol 1992; 31: 265-70
    • (1992) Acta Oncol , vol.31 , pp. 265-270
    • Rutqvist, L.E.1    Cedermark, B.2    Glas, U.3
  • 107
    • 33847120754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term follow-up of the randomized Stockholm trial on adjuvant tamoxifen among postmenopausal patients with early stage breast cancer
    • Rutqvist LE, Johansson H. Long-term follow-up of the randomized Stockholm trial on adjuvant tamoxifen among postmenopausal patients with early stage breast cancer. Acta Oncol 2007; 46: 133-45
    • (2007) Acta Oncol , vol.46 , pp. 133-145
    • Rutqvist, L.E.1    Johansson, H.2
  • 108
    • 0035925617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scottish adjuvant tamoxifen trial: A randomized study updated to 15 years
    • Stewart HJ, Prescott RJ, Forrest AP. Scottish adjuvant tamoxifen trial: a randomized study updated to 15 years. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001; 93: 456-62
    • (2001) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.93 , pp. 456-462
    • Stewart, H.J.1    Prescott, R.J.2    Forrest, A.P.3
  • 109
    • 0004496862 scopus 로고
    • Adjuvant tamoxifen in the management of operable breast cancer: The Scottish Trial Report from the Breast Cancer Trials Committee, Scottish Cancer Trials Office (MRC), Edinburgh
    • The Scottish Cancer Trials Breast Group
    • The Scottish Cancer Trials Breast Group. Adjuvant tamoxifen in the management of operable breast cancer: the Scottish Trial Report from the Breast Cancer Trials Committee, Scottish Cancer Trials Office (MRC), Edinburgh. Lancet 1987; II; 171-5
    • (1987) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 171-175
  • 110
    • 0030055509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised comparison of 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen with continuous therapy for operable breast cancer. The Scottish ancer Trials Breast Group
    • Stewart HJ, Forrest AP, Everington D, et al. Randomised comparison of 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen with continuous therapy for operable breast cancer. The Scottish ancer Trials Breast Group. Br J Cancer 1996; 74: 297-9
    • (1996) Br J Cancer , vol.74 , pp. 297-299
    • Stewart, H.J.1    Forrest, A.P.2    Everington, D.3
  • 111
    • 0024506261 scopus 로고
    • A randomized clinical trial evaluating tamoxifen in the treatment of patients with node-negative breast cancer who have estrogen-receptor-positive tumors
    • Fisher B, Costantino J, Redmond C, et al. A randomized clinical trial evaluating tamoxifen in the treatment of patients with node-negative breast cancer who have estrogen-receptor-positive tumors. N Engl J Med 1989; 320: 479-84
    • (1989) N Engl J Med , vol.320 , pp. 479-484
    • Fisher, B.1    Costantino, J.2    Redmond, C.3
  • 112
    • 10344238569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Five versus more than five years of tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer patients with negative lymph nodes and estrogen receptor-positive tumors
    • Fisher B, Dignam J, Bryant J, et al. Five versus more than five years of tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer patients with negative lymph nodes and estrogen receptor-positive tumors. J Natl Cancer Inst 1996; 88: 1529-42
    • (1996) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.88 , pp. 1529-1542
    • Fisher, B.1    Dignam, J.2    Bryant, J.3
  • 113
    • 0032537396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tamoxifen for early breast cancer: An overview of the randomised trials
    • Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group
    • Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group. Tamoxifen for early breast cancer: an overview of the randomised trials. Lancet 1998; 351: 1451-67
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.351 , pp. 1451-1467
  • 114
    • 0003203826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adjuvant chemohormon-al therapy for primary breast cancer should be sequential instead of concurrent: Initial results from intergroup trial 0100 (SWOG-8814) [abstract no. 143]
    • Albain K, Green SJ, Ravdin PM, et al. Adjuvant chemohormon-al therapy for primary breast cancer should be sequential instead of concurrent: initial results from intergroup trial 0100 (SWOG-8814) [abstract no. 143]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 2002; 21: 37a
    • (2002) Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol , vol.21
    • Albain, K.1    Green, S.J.2    Ravdin, P.M.3
  • 115
    • 11444251764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Results of the ATAC (Arimidex, Tamoxifen, Alone or in Combination) trial after completion of 5 years' adjuvant treatment for breast cancer
    • Howell A, Cuzick J, Baum M, et al. Results of the ATAC (Arimidex, Tamoxifen, Alone or in Combination) trial after completion of 5 years' adjuvant treatment for breast cancer. Lancet 2005; 365: 60-2
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.365 , pp. 60-62
    • Howell, A.1    Cuzick, J.2    Baum, M.3
  • 116
    • 33947510501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Five years of letrozole compared with tamoxifen as initial adjuvant therapy for postmenopausal women with endocrine-responsive early breast cancer: Update of study BIG 1-98
    • Coates AS, Keshaviah A, Thurlimann B, et al. Five years of letrozole compared with tamoxifen as initial adjuvant therapy for postmenopausal women with endocrine-responsive early breast cancer: update of study BIG 1-98. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25: 486-92
    • (2007) J Clin Oncol , vol.25 , pp. 486-492
    • Coates, A.S.1    Keshaviah, A.2    Thurlimann, B.3
  • 117
    • 0037157603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anastrozole alone or in combination with tamoxifen versus tamoxifen alone for adjuvant treatment of postmenopausal women with early breast cancer: First results of the ATAC randomised trial
    • Baum M, Budzar AU, Cuzick J, et al. Anastrozole alone or in combination with tamoxifen versus tamoxifen alone for adjuvant treatment of postmenopausal women with early breast cancer: first results of the ATAC randomised trial. Lancet 2002; 359: 2131-9
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.359 , pp. 2131-2139
    • Baum, M.1    Budzar, A.U.2    Cuzick, J.3
  • 118
    • 29544433211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of letrozole and tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with early breast cancer
    • Thurlimann B, Keshaviah A, Coates AS, et al. A comparison of letrozole and tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with early breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2005; 353: 2747-57
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.353 , pp. 2747-2757
    • Thurlimann, B.1    Keshaviah, A.2    Coates, A.S.3
  • 119
    • 10744223655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial of exemestane after two to three years of tamoxifen therapy in postmenopausal women with primary breast cancer
    • Coombes RC, Hall E, Gibson LJ, et al. A randomized trial of exemestane after two to three years of tamoxifen therapy in postmenopausal women with primary breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2004; 350: 1081-92
    • (2004) N Engl J Med , vol.350 , pp. 1081-1092
    • Coombes, R.C.1    Hall, E.2    Gibson, L.J.3
  • 120
    • 23444446523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Switching of postmenopausal women with endocrine-responsive early breast cancer to anas-trozole after 2 years' adjuvant tamoxifen: Combined results of ABCSG trial 8 and ARNO 95 trial
    • Jakesz R, Jonat W, Gnant M, et al. Switching of postmenopausal women with endocrine-responsive early breast cancer to anas-trozole after 2 years' adjuvant tamoxifen: combined results of ABCSG trial 8 and ARNO 95 trial. Lancet 2005; 366: 455-62
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.366 , pp. 455-462
    • Jakesz, R.1    Jonat, W.2    Gnant, M.3
  • 121
    • 33846545851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival and safety of exemestane versus tamoxifen after 2-3 years' tamoxifen treatment (Intergroup Exemestane Study): A randomised controlled trial
    • Coombes RC, Kilburn LS, Snowdon CF, et al. Survival and safety of exemestane versus tamoxifen after 2-3 years' tamoxifen treatment (Intergroup Exemestane Study): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2007; 369: 559-70
    • (2007) Lancet , vol.369 , pp. 559-570
    • Coombes, R.C.1    Kilburn, L.S.2    Snowdon, C.F.3
  • 122
    • 0041830469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975-2000, featuring the uses of surveillance data for cancer prevention and control
    • Weir HK, Thun MJ, Hankey BF, et al. Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975-2000, featuring the uses of surveillance data for cancer prevention and control. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003; 95: 1276-99
    • (2003) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.95 , pp. 1276-1299
    • Weir, H.K.1    Thun, M.J.2    Hankey, B.F.3
  • 123
    • 0025785316 scopus 로고
    • Contralateral primary tumors in breast cancer patients in a randomized trial of adjuvant tamoxifen therapy
    • Rutqvist LE, Cedermark B, Glas U, et al. Contralateral primary tumors in breast cancer patients in a randomized trial of adjuvant tamoxifen therapy. J Natl Cancer Inst 1991; 83: 1299-306
    • (1991) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.83 , pp. 1299-1306
    • Rutqvist, L.E.1    Cedermark, B.2    Glas, U.3
  • 124
    • 27944492407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tamoxifen for the prevention of breast cancer: Current status of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project P-1 study
    • Fisher B, Costantino JP, Wickerham DL, et al. Tamoxifen for the prevention of breast cancer: current status of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project P-1 study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2005; 97: 1652-62
    • (2005) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.97 , pp. 1652-1662
    • Fisher, B.1    Costantino, J.P.2    Wickerham, D.L.3
  • 125
    • 0032508294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interim analysis of the incidence of breast cancer in the Royal Marsden Hospital tamoxifen randomised chemoprevention trial
    • Powles T, Eeles R, Ashley S, et al. Interim analysis of the incidence of breast cancer in the Royal Marsden Hospital tamoxifen randomised chemoprevention trial. Lancet 1998; 352: 98-101
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 98-101
    • Powles, T.1    Eeles, R.2    Ashley, S.3
  • 126
    • 0032508293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of breast cancer with tamoxifen: Preliminary findings from the Italian randomised trial among hysterectomised women: Italian Tamoxifen Prevention Study
    • Veronesi U, Maisonneuve P, Costa A, et al. Prevention of breast cancer with tamoxifen: preliminary findings from the Italian randomised trial among hysterectomised women: Italian Tamoxifen Prevention Study. Lancet 1998; 352: 93-7
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 93-97
    • Veronesi, U.1    Maisonneuve, P.2    Costa, A.3
  • 127
    • 80052059849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First results from the International Breast Cancer Intervention Study (IBIS-I): A randomised prevention trial
    • Cuzick J, Forbes J, Edwards R, et al. First results from the International Breast Cancer Intervention Study (IBIS-I): a randomised prevention trial. Lancet 2002; 360: 817-24
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.360 , pp. 817-824
    • Cuzick, J.1    Forbes, J.2    Edwards, R.3
  • 128
    • 33847793068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term results of tamoxifen prophylaxis for breast cancer: 96-month follow-up of the randomized IBIS-I trial
    • Cuzick J, Forbes JF, Sestak I, et al. Long-term results of tamoxifen prophylaxis for breast cancer: 96-month follow-up of the randomized IBIS-I trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007; 99: 272-82
    • (2007) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.99 , pp. 272-282
    • Cuzick, J.1    Forbes, J.F.2    Sestak, I.3
  • 129
    • 0037464769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overview of the main outcomes in breast-cancer prevention trials
    • Cuzick J, Powles T, Veronesi U, et al. Overview of the main outcomes in breast-cancer prevention trials. Lancet 2003; 361: 296-300
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.361 , pp. 296-300
    • Cuzick, J.1    Powles, T.2    Veronesi, U.3
  • 130
    • 33847773775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Twenty-year follow-up of the Royal Marsden randomized, double-blinded tamoxifen breast cancer prevention trial
    • Powles TJ, Ashley S, Tidy A, et al. Twenty-year follow-up of the Royal Marsden randomized, double-blinded tamoxifen breast cancer prevention trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007; 99: 283-90
    • (2007) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.99 , pp. 283-290
    • Powles, T.J.1    Ashley, S.2    Tidy, A.3
  • 131
    • 0031445808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of raloxifene hydrochloride on the endometrium of postmenopausal women
    • Boss SM, Huster WJ, Neild JA, et al. Effects of raloxifene hydrochloride on the endometrium of postmenopausal women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997; 177: 1458-64
    • (1997) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.177 , pp. 1458-1464
    • Boss, S.M.1    Huster, W.J.2    Neild, J.A.3
  • 132
    • 0028167482 scopus 로고
    • Raloxifene (LY139481 HCI) prevents bone loss and reduces serum cholesterol without causing uterine hypertrophy in ovariectomized rats
    • Black LJ, Sato M, Rowley ER, et al. Raloxifene (LY139481 HCI) prevents bone loss and reduces serum cholesterol without causing uterine hypertrophy in ovariectomized rats. J Clin Invest 1994; 93: 63-9
    • (1994) J Clin Invest , vol.93 , pp. 63-69
    • Black, L.J.1    Sato, M.2    Rowley, E.R.3
  • 133
    • 33745876266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of raloxifene on cardiovascular events and breast cancer in postmenopausal women
    • Barrett-Connor E, Mosca L, Collins P, et al. Effects of raloxifene on cardiovascular events and breast cancer in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 2006; 355: 125-37
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.355 , pp. 125-137
    • Barrett-Connor, E.1    Mosca, L.2    Collins, P.3
  • 134
    • 0033581212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of vertebral fracture risk in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis treated with raloxifene: Results from a 3-year randomized clinical trial: Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation (MORE) Investigators
    • Ettinger B, Black DM, Mitlak BH, et al. Reduction of vertebral fracture risk in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis treated with raloxifene: results from a 3-year randomized clinical trial: Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation (MORE) Investigators. JAMA 1999; 282: 637-45
    • (1999) JAMA , vol.282 , pp. 637-645
    • Ettinger, B.1    Black, D.M.2    Mitlak, B.H.3
  • 135
    • 10644283864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuing outcomes relevant to Evista: Breast cancer incidence in postmenopausal osteoporotic women in a randomized trial of raloxifene
    • Martino S, Cauley JA, Barrett-Connor E, et al. Continuing outcomes relevant to Evista: breast cancer incidence in postmenopausal osteoporotic women in a randomized trial of raloxifene. J Natl Cancer Inst 2004; 96: 1751-61
    • (2004) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.96 , pp. 1751-1761
    • Martino, S.1    Cauley, J.A.2    Barrett-Connor, E.3
  • 136
    • 33745249570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of tamoxifen vs raloxifene on the risk of developing invasive breast cancer and other disease outcomes: The NSABP Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene (STAR) P-2 trial
    • Vogel VG, Costantino JP, Wickerham DL, et al. Effects of tamoxifen vs raloxifene on the risk of developing invasive breast cancer and other disease outcomes: the NSABP Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene (STAR) P-2 trial. JAMA 2006; 295: 2727-41
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.295 , pp. 2727-2741
    • Vogel, V.G.1    Costantino, J.P.2    Wickerham, D.L.3
  • 137
    • 0024801278 scopus 로고
    • Projecting individualized probabilities of developing breast cancer for white females who are being examined annually
    • Gail MH, Brinton LA, Byar DP, et al. Projecting individualized probabilities of developing breast cancer for white females who are being examined annually. J Natl Cancer Inst 1989; 81: 1879-86
    • (1989) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.81 , pp. 1879-1886
    • Gail, M.H.1    Brinton, L.A.2    Byar, D.P.3
  • 138
    • 35948950921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Breast Intervention Study. IBIS-II [online]. Available from URL: http://www.ibis-trials.org/ [Accessed 2007 Jul 19]
    • International Breast Intervention Study. IBIS-II [online]. Available from URL: http://www.ibis-trials.org/ [Accessed 2007 Jul 19]
  • 139
    • 34547625250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group MAP.3 trial: An international breast cancer prevention trial
    • Richardson H, Johnston D, Pater J, et al. The National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group MAP.3 trial: an international breast cancer prevention trial. Curr Oncol 2007; 14: 89-96
    • (2007) Curr Oncol , vol.14 , pp. 89-96
    • Richardson, H.1    Johnston, D.2    Pater, J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.