Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975-2000, featuring the uses of surveillance data for cancer prevention and control

Journal of the National Cancer Institute

Volumn 95, Issue 17, 2003, Pages 1276-1299

  Weir, Hannah K ^a   Thun, Michael J ^b   Hankey, Benjamin F ^c   Ries, Lynn A G ^c   Howe, Holly L ^d   Wingo, Phyllis A ^a   Jemal, Ahmedin ^b   Ward, Elizabeth ^b   Anderson, Robert N ^e   Edwards, Brenda K ^c  

^a NATIONAL CENTER FOR CHRONIC DISEASE PREVENTION AND HEALTH PROMOTION   (United States)

^b AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY   (United States)

^c NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE   (United States)

^d North American Association   (United States)

^e NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH STATISTICS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BREAST CANCER; CANCER CONTROL; CANCER INCIDENCE; CANCER MORTALITY; CANCER PREVENTION; CANCER REGISTRY; CANCER RISK; CANCER SCREENING; CANCER STATISTICS; CAUSE OF DEATH; COLORECTAL CANCER; DATA ANALYSIS; ETHNIC DIFFERENCE; HEALTH CARE PLANNING; HEALTH PROGRAM; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; LUNG CANCER; MEDICAL SOCIETY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSTATE CANCER; RACE DIFFERENCE; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; UNITED STATES; AGE DISTRIBUTION; BLOOD; BREAST TUMOR; COLONOSCOPY; COLORECTAL TUMOR; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ETHNIC GROUP; ETHNOLOGY; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION; INCIDENCE; LUNG TUMOR; MALE; MAMMOGRAPHY; MASS SCREENING; METHODOLOGY; MORTALITY; NEOPLASM; PREVALENCE; PROSTATE TUMOR; PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE; REGISTER; SEX RATIO; SMOKING; STATISTICS;

PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN;

AGE DISTRIBUTION; BIAS (EPIDEMIOLOGY); BREAST NEOPLASMS; CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION (U.S.); COLONOSCOPY; COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS; ETHNIC GROUPS; FEMALE; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; LUNG NEOPLASMS; MALE; MAMMOGRAPHY; MASS SCREENING; MORTALITY; NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH (U.S.); NEOPLASMS; PREVALENCE; PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; PROSTATIC NEOPLASMS; REGISTRIES; RESEARCH DESIGN; RISK FACTORS; SEER PROGRAM; SEX DISTRIBUTION; SMOKING; UNITED STATES;

EID: 0041830469     PISSN: 00278874     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djg040     Document Type: Review

References (114)

1. Wingo PA, Ries LA, Rosenberg HM, Miller DS, Edwards BK. Cancer incidence and mortality, 1973-1995: a report card for the U.S. Cancer 1998;82:1197-207.
2. Wingo PA, Ries LA, Giovino GA, Miller DS, Rosenberg HM, Shopland DR, et al. Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1973-1996, with a special section on lung cancer and tobacco smoking. J Natl Cancer Inst 1999;91:675-90.
3. Ries LA, Wingo PA, Miller DS, Howe HL, Weir HK, Rosenberg HM, et al. The annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1973-1997, with a special section on colorectal cancer. Cancer 2000;88:2398-424.
4. Howe HL, Wingo PA, Thun MJ, Ries LA, Rosenberg HM, Feigal EG, et al. Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer (1973 through 1998), featuring cancers with recent increasing trends. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001;93:824-42.
5. Edwards BK, Howe HL, Ries LA, Thun MJ, Rosenberg HM, Wingo PA, et al. Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1973-1999, featuring implications of age and aging on U.S. cancer burden. Cancer 2002;94:2766-92.
6. Hankey BF, Ries LA, Edwards BK. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program: a national resource. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1999;12:1117-21.
7. Hutton MD, Simpson LD, Miller DS, Weir HK, McDavid K, Hall HI. Progress toward nationwide cancer surveillance: an evaluation of the National Program of Cancer Registries, 1994-1999. J Registry Manag 2001; 28:113-20.
8. U.S. Cancer Statistics Working Group. United States Cancer Statistics: 1999 Incidence. Atlanta (GA): Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and National Cancer Institute; 2002.
9. Hotes JL, Wu XC, McLaughlin CC, Lake A, Firth R, Roney D, et al., editors. Cancer in North America, 1996-2000. Volume 1: incidence. Springfield (IL): North American Association of Central Cancer Registries; 2003.
10. Percy C, Van Holten V, Muir C, editors. International classification of diseases for oncology, 2nd ed. Geneva (Switzerland): World Health Organization; 1990.
11. Ries LA, Eisner MP, Kosary CL, Hankey BF, Miller BA, Clegg L, et al., editors. SEER cancer statistics review, 1975-2000. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute; 2003.
12. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital statistics of the United States, 1950-1999, volume II. Mortality, parts A and B. Washington (DC): Public Health Service; 2001.
13. U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare and National Center for Health Statistics. Manual of the international statistical classification of diseases, injuries, and causes of death, adapted for use in the United States, eighth revision. Washington (DC): Public Health Service; 1967.
14. World Health Organization. Manual of the international statistical classification of diseases, injuries, and causes of death, based on the recommendations of the 9th revision conference, 1975. Geneva (Switzerland): World Health Organization; 1977.
15. World Health Organization. International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, 10th revision. Geneva (Switzerland): World Health Organization; 1992.
16. Anderson RN, Minino AM, Hoyert DL, Rosenberg HM. Comparability of cause of death between ICD-9 and ICD-10: preliminary estimates. National Center for Health Statistics. Natl Vital Stat Rep 2001;49:2.
17. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. SEER 1973-2000 public use data. SEER*Stat Database: Incidence - SEER 9 Regs, Nov 2002 Sub (1973-2000) <18 Age Groups>. National Cancer Institute, DCCPS, Surveillance Research Program, Cancer Statistics Branch, released April 2003, based on the November 2002 submission. Available at: http://seer.cancer.gov. [Last accessed July 2003.]
18. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System user's guide. Atlanta (GA): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 1998.
19. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Tracking Healthy People 2010. Washington (DC): U.S. Government Printing Office; November 2000.
20. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2000 BRFSS summary data quality report. Atlanta (GA): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2001.
21. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2001 BRFSS summary data quality report. Atlanta (GA): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2002.
22. Kopstein A. Tobacco use in America: findings from the 1999 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (analytic series: A-15, DHHS Publication No. SMA 02-3622). Rockville (MD): Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies; 2001.
23. Wright D. State estimates of substance use from the 2000 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. Vol. I. Rockville (MD): Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies; 2002.
24. Orzechowski W, Walker RC. The tax burden on tobacco: historical compilation 2001: impact and opportunity. Vol. 36. Arlington (VA): Orzechowksi and Walker; 2001.
25. Gross CP, Soffer B, Bach PB, Rajkumar R, Forman H. State expenditures for tobacco-control programs and the tobacco settlement. New Engl J Med 2002;347:1080-6.
26. SAS Institute Inc. SAS/STAT user's guide, version 8. Cary (NC): SAS Institute Inc.: 1999.
27. Research Triangle Institute. SUDAAN user's manual, release 7.5. Research Triangle Park (NC): Research Triangle Institute; 1997.
28. Korn EL, Graubard BI. Analysis of health surveys. New York (NY): Wiley; 1999.
29. Clegg LX, Feuer EJ, Midthune DN, Fay MP, Hankey BF. Impact of reporting delay and reporting error on cancer incidence rates and trends. J Natl Cancer Inst 2002;94:1537-45.
30. Kim HJ, Fay MP, Feuer EJ, Midthune DN. Permutation tests for joinpoint regression with applications to cancer rates [published erratum appears in Stat Med 2001:28;20:655]. Stat Med 2000;19:335-51.
31. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Reducing tobacco use: a report of the surgeon general. Atlanta (GA): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2000.
32. Potosky AL, Miller BA, Albertsen PC, Kramer BS. The role of increasing detection in the rising incidence of prostate cancer. JAMA 1995;273: 548-52.
33. Legler JM, Feuer EJ, Potosky AL, Merrill RM, Kramer BS. The role of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing patterns in the recent prostate cancer incidence decline in the United States. Cancer Causes Control 1998; 9:519-27.
34. Etzioni R, Penson DF, Legler JM, di Tommaso D, Boer R, Gann PH, et al. Overdiagnosis due to prostate-specific antigen screening: lessons from U.S. prostate cancer incidence trends. J Natl Cancer Inst 2002;94: 981-90.
35. Haynes MA, Smedley BD, editors. The unequal burden of cancer: an assessment of NIH research and programs for ethnic minorities and the medically underserved. Washington (DC): Institute of Medicine, National Academy Press; 1999.
36. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Diffusion and dissemination of evidence-based cancer control interventions: summary. Evidence Report/Technology Assessment, No. 79. Rockville (MD): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2003. Available from AHRQ Publications Clearinghouse, 800-358-9295.
37. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). Recommendations and rationale for screening for breast cancer. Washington (DC): Department of Health and Human Services. Available at: http://www.ahcpr.gov/clinic/ 3rduspstf/breastcancer/brcanrr.htm. [Last accessed May 2003.]
38. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Annual smoking-attributable mortality, years of potential life lost, and economic costs - United States, 1995-1999. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2002;51:300-3.
39. Parkin D, Pisani P, Ferlay J. Estimates of the worldwide incidence of 25 major cancers in 1990. Int J Cancer 1999;80:827-41.
40. International Agency for Research on Cancer. Tobacco smoke and involuntary smoking. Vol. 83. Lyon (France): International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2002. Available at: http://193.51.164.11/htdocs/ monographs/vol83/02-involuntary.html. [Last accessed July 2003.]
41. Peto R, Lopez A, Boreham J, Thun M, Heath CJ. Mortality from smoking in developed countries 1950-2000. New York (NY): Oxford University Press; 1994.
42. U.S. Public Health Service. Smoking and health. Report of the Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service. Washington (DC): U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control; 1964.
43. Nelson DE, Bland S, Powell-Griner E, Klein R, Wells H, Hogelin G, et al. State trends in health risk factors and receipt of clinical services among U.S. adults during the 1990s. JAMA 2002;287:2659-67.
44. Department of Health and Human Services. HHS affirms value of mammography for detecting breast cancer. Press release. Feb. 21, 2002. Available at: http://www.hhs.gov/news/press/2002pres/20020221.html.
45. Smith RA, Saslow D, Sawyer KA, Burke W, Costanza ME, Evans WP, et al. American Cancer Society guidelines for breast cancer screening: update 2003. CA Cancer J Clin 2003;53:141-69.
46. Kopans DB. The most recent breast cancer screening controversy about whether mammographic screening benefits women at any age: nonsense and nonscience. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2003;180:21-6.
47. Tabar L, Yen M, Vitak B, Chen H, Smith R, Duffy S. Mammography service screening and mortality in breast cancer patients: 20-year follow-up before and after introduction of screening. Lancet 2003;361:1405-10.
48. Olsen O, Gotzsche PC. Cochrane review on screening for breast cancer with mammography. Lancet 2001;358:1340-2.
49. Duffy SW. Interpretation of breast screening trials: commentary on the recent paper by Gotzsche and Olsen. The Breast 2001;10:209-12.
50. Veronese U, Forrest P, Wood W, Boyle P. Statement from the chair: global summit on mammographic screening, 3-5 June, 2002. Milan (Italy): European Institute of Oncology; 2002.
51. Nystrom L, Andersson I, Bjurstam N, Frisell J, Nordenskjold B, Rutqvist LE. Long-term effects of mammography screening: undated overview of the Swedish randomised trials. Lancet 2002;359:909-19.
52. Kerlikowske K, Grady D, Rubin SM, Sandrock C, Ernster VL. Efficacy of screening mammography. A meta-analysis. JAMA 1995:273:149-54.
53. Smith RA. Breast cancer screening among women younger than age 50: a current assessment of the issues. CA Cancer J Clin 2000;50:312-36.
54. Sox H. Screening mammography for younger women: back to basics. Ann Intern Med 2002;137:361-2.
55. Hendrick RE, Smith RA, Rutledge JH III, Smart CR. Benefit of mammography screening in women aged 40-49: a new meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 1997;22:87-92.
56. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Panel. National Institutes of Health consensus development conference statement: breast cancer screening for women ages 40-49, January 21-23, 1997. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 1997;22:vii-xii.
57. Tabar L, Duffy SW, Vitak B, Chen HH, Prevost TC. The natural history of breast carcinoma: what have we learned from screening. Cancer 1999; 86:449-62.
58. Tabar L, Vitak B, Chen HH, Yen MF, Duffy SW, Smith RA. Beyond randomized controlled trials: organized mammographic screening substantially reduces breast carcinoma mortality. Cancer 2001;91:1724-31.
59. Mariotto A, Feuer E, Harlan L, Wun LM, Johnson K, Abrams J. Trends in use of adjuvant multi-agent chemotherapy and tamoxifen for breast cancer in the United States: 1975-1999. J Natl Cancer Inst 2002;94:1626-34.
60. Harlan LC, Abrams J, Warren JL, Clegg L, Stevens J, Ballard-Barbash R. Adjuvant therapy for breast cancer: practice patterns of community physicians. J Clin Oncol 2002;20:1809-17.
61. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Cancer registries: the foundation for cancer prevention and control. At-a-glance, 2001. Atlanta (GA): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at: http://www.cdc. gov/cancer/npcr/2001aag-npcr.htm. [Last accessed May 2003.]
62. Roche LM, Skinner R, Weinstein RB. Use of a geographic information system to identify and characterize areas with high proportions of distant stage breast cancer. J Public Health Manag Pract 2002;8:26-32.
63. Swan J, Breen N, Coates R, Rimer B, Lee N. Progress in cancer screening practices in the United States: results from the 2000 National Health Interview Survey. Cancer 2003;97:1528-40.
64. Breen N, Wagener DK, Brown ML, Davis WW, Ballard-Barbash R. Progress in cancer screening over a decade: results of cancer screening from the 1987, 1992, and 1998 National Health Interview Surveys. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001;93:1704-13.
65. Kelsey JL. Breast cancer epidemiology: summary and future directions. Epidemiol Rev 1993;15:256-63.
66. Hulka BS, Stark AT. Breast cancer: cause and prevention. Lancet 1995; 346:883-7.
67. Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer. Breast cancer and hormone replacement therapy: collaborative reanalysis of data from 51 epidemiological studies of 52,705 women with breast cancer and 108,411 women without breast cancer [published erratum appears in Lancet 1997;350:1484]. Lancet 1997;350:1047-59.
68. Colditz GA. Relationship between estrogen levels, use of hormone replacement therapy, and breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1998;90:814-22.
69. Vanio H, Bianchini F. IARC handbooks of cancer prevention. Volume 6: weight control and physical activity. Lyon (France): IARC Press; 2002.
70. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Available at: http://www. ahrq.gov/clinic/. [Last accessed May 2003.]
71. Hsing A, Nomura A, Isaacs W, Armenian H. Epidemiologic reviews: prostate cancer. Vol. 23, No. 1. Baltimore (MD): Oxford University Press; 2001.
72. Boyle P, Severi G, Giles GG. The epidemiology of prostate cancer. Urol Clin North Am 2003;30:209-17.
73. Hankey BF, Feuer EJ, Clegg LX, Hayes RB, Legler JM, Prorok PC, et al. Cancer surveillance series: interpreting trends in prostate cancer - part I: evidence of the effects of screening in recent prostate cancer incidence, mortality, and survival rates. J Natl Cancer Inst 1999;91:1017-24.
74. Feuer EJ, Merrill RM, Hankey BF. Cancer surveillance series: interpreting trends in prostate cancer - part II: cause of death misclassification and the recent rise and fall in prostate cancer mortality. J Natl Cancer Inst 1999;91:1025-32.
75. Etzioni R, Legler JM, Feuer EJ, Merrill RM, Cronin KA, Hankey BF. Cancer surveillance series: interpreting trends in prostate cancer - part III: quantifying the link between population prostate-specific antigen testing and recent declines in prostate cancer mortality. J Natl Cancer Inst 1999; 91:1033-9.
76. Oliver SE, May MT, Gunnell D. International trends in prostate-cancer mortality in the "PSA ERA." Int J Cancer 2001;92:893-8.
77. Harris R, Lohr KN. Screening for prostate cancer: an update of the evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med 2002: 137:917-29.
78. Meng MV, Grossfeld GD, Sadetsky N, Mehta SS, Lubeck DP, Carroll PR. Contemporary patterns of androgen deprivation therapy use for newly diagnosed prostate cancer. Urology 2002 Sep;60(3 Suppl 1):7-11; discussion 11-2.
79. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). Recommendations and rationale for screening for prostate cancer. Washington (DC): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Available at: http://www.ahrq. gov/clinic/3rduspstf/prostatescr/prostaterr.htm. [Last accessed May 2003.]
80. Potosky AL, Legler J, Albertsen PC, Stanford JL, Gilliland FD, Hamilton AS, et al. Health outcomes after prostatectomy or radiotherapy for prostate cancer: results from the Prostate Cancer Outcomes Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000;92:1582-92.
81. Stanford JL, Feng Z, Hamilton AS, Gilliland FD, Stephenson RA, Eley JW, et al. Urinary and sexual function after radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer: the Prostate Cancer Outcomes Study [published erratum appears in CA Cancer J Clin 2001 May-June;51:150]. JAMA 2000;283:354-60.
82. Smith RA, von Eschenbach AC, Wender R, Levin B, Byers T, Rothenberger D, et al. American Cancer Society guidelines for the early detection of cancer: update of early detection guidelines for prostate, colorectal, and endometrial cancers. CA Cancer J Clin 2001;51:38-75.
83. Sirovich BE, Schwartz LM, Woloshin S. Screening men for prostate and colorectal cancer in the United States: does practice reflect the evidence. JAMA 2003;289:1414-20.
84. de Koning HJ, Auvinen A, Berenguer Sanchez A, Calais da Silva F, Ciatto S, Denis L, et al. Large-scale randomized prostate cancer screening trials: program performances in the European Randomized Screening for Prostate Cancer Trial and the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovary Cancer Trial. Int J Cancer 2002;97:237-44.
85. Prorok PC, Andriole GL, Bresalier RS, Buys SS, Chia D, Crawford ED, et al. Design of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. Control Clin Trials 2000;21(6 Suppl):273S-309S.
86. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prostate cancer screening: a decision guide. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/prostate/ decisionguide/index.htm. [Last accessed May 2003.]
87. Le Marchand L, Wilkens LR, Kolonel LN, Hankin JH, Lyu LC. Associations of sedentary lifestyle, obesity, smoking, alcohol use, and diabetes with the risk of colorectal cancer. Cancer Res 1997;57:4787-94.
88. Flood A, Velie EM, Chaterjee N, Subar AF, Thompson FE, Lacey JV Jr, et al. Fruits, vegetables, and risk of colorectal cancer in the Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project (BCDDP) Follow-Up Cohort. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;75:936-43.
89. American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts and Figures 2003. Atlanta (GA): American Cancer Society; 2003. Available at: http://www.cancer.org. [Last accessed June 2003.]
90. Cronin K, Krebs-Smith SM, Feuer EJ, Troiano RP, Ballard-Barbash R. Evaluating the impact of population changes in diet, physical activity and weight status on population risk for colon cancer (United States). Cancer Causes Control 2001;12:305-16.
91. Potter JD. Colorectal cancer: molecules and populations. J Natl Cancer Inst 1999;91:916-32.
92. Thun MJ, Henley SJ, Patrono C. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as anticancer agents: mechanistic, pharmacologic, and clinical issues. J Natl Cancer Inst 2002;94:252-66.
93. Baron JA, Cole BF, Sandler RS, Haile RW, Ahnen D, Bresalier R, et al. A randomized trial of aspirin to prevent colorectal adenomas. N Engl J Med 2003;348:891-9.
94. Sandler RS, Halabi S, Baron JA, Budinger S, Paskett E, Keresztes R, et al. A randomized trial of aspirin to prevent colorectal adenomas in patients with previous colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 2003;348:883-90.
95. Mandelblatt J, Andrews H, Kao R, Wallace R, Kerner J. The late-stage diagnosis of colorectal cancer: demographic and socioeconomic factors. Am J Public Health 1996;86:1794-7.
96. Cooper GS, Yuan Z, Landefeld CS, Rimm AA. Surgery for colorectal cancer: race-related differences in rates and survival among Medicare beneficiaries. Am J Public Health 1996;86:582-6.
97. Potosky AL, Harlan LC, Kaplan RS, Johnson KA, Lynch CF. Age, sex, and racial differences in the use of standard adjuvant therapy for colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2002;20:1192-202.
98. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). Recommendations and rationale for colorectal cancer screening. Washington (DC): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Available at: http://www.ahcpr.gov/ clinic/colorsum.htm. [Lat accessed June 2003.]
99. Klabunde CN, Frame PS, Meadow A, Jones E, Nadel M, Vernon SW. A national survey of primary care physicians' colorectal cancer screening recommendations and practice. Prev Med 2003;36:352-62.
100. Schrag D, Cramer L, Bach P, Begg C. Age and adjuvant chemotherapy use after surgery for stage III colon cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001;93: 850-7.
101. Sundararajan V, Grann V, Jacobson J, Ahsan H, Neugut AI. Variations in the use of adjuvant chemotherapy for node-positive colon cancer in the elderly: a population-based study. Cancer 2001;7:213-8.
102. Moertel CG. Chemotherapy for colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 1994; 330:1136-42.
103. National Cancer Institute, Consensus Conference. Adjuvant therapy for patients with colon and rectal cancer. JAMA 1990;264:1444-50.
104. Rosenberg HM, Maurer JD, Sorlie PD, Johnson NJ, MacDorman MF, Hoyert DL, et al. Quality of death rates by race and Hispanic origin: a summary of current research, 1999. Washington (DC): National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat Series 2, No. 128. Sept 1999.
105. Poe GS, Powell-Griner E, McLaughlin JK, Placek PJ, Thompson GB, Robinson K. Comparability of the death certificate and the 1986 National Mortality Followback Survey. Vital Health Stat 1993;2:118.
106. Hogan H. The 1990 Post-Enumeration Survey: operations and results. J Am Stat Assoc 1993;88:1047-60.
107. Hiatt RA, Rimer BK. A new strategy for cancer control research. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1999;8:957-64.
108. Curry S, Byers T, Hewitt M. Fulfilling the potential of cancer prevention and early detection. Washington (DC): National Academy Press, National Research Council. In press 2003.
109. Wingo PA, Jamison PM, Hiatt RA, Weir HK, Gargiullo PM, Hutton M, et al. Building the infrastructure for nationwide cancer surveillance and control - a comparison between the National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program (United States). Cancer Causes Control 2003; 14:175-93.
110. Hewitt M, Simone JV, editors. Enhancing data systems to improve the quality of cancer care. Washington (DC): Institute of Medicine, National Academy Press; 2000.
111. Warren JL, Klabunde CN, Schrag D, Bach PB, Riley GF. Overview of the SEER-Medicare data: content, research applications, and generalizability to the United States elderly population. Med Care 2002;40:IV-3-18.
112. Wingo PA, Luke E, O'Brien K, Brogan D, Chen VW, Wu XC, et al. Population-based patterns of care studies: collaboration among state cancer registries, the American College of Surgeons, and the American Cancer Society. J Registry Manag 2001;28:5-17.
113. Ayanian JZ, Zaslavsky AM, Fuchs CS, Guadagnoli E, Creech CM, Cress RD, et al. Use of adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy for colorectal cancer in a population-based cohort. J Clin Oncol 2003;21: 1293-300.
114. Byers T, Mouchawar J, Marks J, Cady B, Lins N, Swanson GM, et al. The American Cancer Society challenge goals. How far can cancer rates decline in the U.S. by the year 2015? Cancer 1999;86:715-27.