Pharmacogenetics: Using DNA to optimize drug therapy

American Family Physician

Volumn 76, Issue 8, 2007, Pages 1179-1182

  Lanfear, David E ^a   McLeod, Howard L ^b  

^a HENRY FORD HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b University of North Carolina   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AZATHIOPRINE; BETA 2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; CODEINE; CYTOCHROME P450 2C9; CYTOCHROME P450 2D6; MENADIONE EPOXIDE; MERCAPTOPURINE; REDUCED NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE (PHOSPHATE) DEHYDROGENASE (QUINONE); THIOPURINE METHYLTRANSFERASE; WARFARIN;

CLINICAL PRACTICE; DRUG DEGRADATION; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG TARGETING; FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION; GENETIC POLYMORPHISM; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GENOTYPE; HUMAN; PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW; PHARMACOGENETICS; REVIEW;

BIOTRANSFORMATION; DRUG RESISTANCE; HUMANS; PHARMACOGENETICS; POLYMORPHISM, GENETIC;

EID: 35649005381     PISSN: 0002838X     EISSN: 0002838X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (37)

1. Kalow W, Tang BK, Endrenyi L. Hypothesis: comparisons of inter- and intra-individual variations can substitute for twin studies in drug research. Pharmacogenetics 1998;8:283-9.
2. Evans WE, McLeod HL. Pharmacogenomics - drug disposition, drug targets, and side effects. N Engl J Med 2003;348:538-49.
3. Evans WE, Relling MV. Pharmacogenomics: translating functional genomics into rational therapeutics. Science 1999;286:487-91.
4. Evans WE, Johnson JA. Pharmacogenomics: the inherited basis for interindividual differences in drug response. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2001;2:9-39.
5. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL Jr, et al., for the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure and the National High Blood Pressure Education Program Coordinating Committee. The Seventh Report of the Joint national Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JnC 7 report [published correction appears in JAMA 2003;290:197]. JAMA 2003;289:2560-72.
6. Weinshilboum R. Inheritance and drug response. N Engl J Med 2003;348:529-37.
7. Kalow W. Familial incidence of low pseudocholinesterase level. Lancet 1956;2:576-7.
8. Meyer UA. Pharmacogenetics and adverse drug reactions. Lancet 2000;356:1667-71.
9. Yates CR, Krynetski EY, Loennechen T, Fessing MY, Tai HL, Pui CH, et al. Molecular diagnosis of thiopurine S-methyltransferase deficiency: genetic basis for azathioprine and mercaptopurine intolerance. Ann Intern Med 1997;126:608-14.
10. Relling MV, Hancock ML, Rivera GK, Sandlund JT, Ribeiro RC, Krynetski EY, et al. Mercaptopurine therapy intolerance and heterozygosity at the thiopurine S-methyltransferase gene locus. J Natl Cancer Inst 1999;91:2001-8.
11. Lotsch J, Skarke C, Liefhold J, Geisslinger G. Genetic predictors of the clinical response to opioid analgesics: clinical utility and future perspectives. Clin Pharmacokinet 2004;43:983-1013.
12. Gasche Y, Daali Y, Fathi M, Chiappe A, Cottini S, Dayer P, et al. Codeine intoxication associated with ultrarapid CYP2D6 metabolism [published correction appears in N Engl J Med 2005;352:638]. N Engl J Med 2004;351:2827-31.
13. D'Andrea G, D'Ambrosio RL, Di Perna P, Chetta M, Santacroce R, Brancaccio V, et al. A polymorphism in the VKORC1 gene is associated with an interindividual variability in the dose-anticoagulant effect of warfarin. Blood 2005;105:645-9.
14. Voora D, Eby C, Linder MW, Milligan PE, Bukaveckas BL, McLeod HL, et al. Prospective dosing of warfarin based on cytochrome P-450 2C9 genotype. Thromb Haemost 2005;93:700-5.
15. Israel E, Chinchilli VM, Ford JG, Boushey HA, Cherniack R, Craig TJ, et al., for the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Asthma Clinical Research Network. Use of regularly scheduled albuterol treatment in asthma: genotype-stratified, randomised, placebo-controlled cross-over trial. Lancet 2004;364:1505-12.
16. Drysdale CM, McGraw DW, Stack CB, Stephens JC, Judson RS, Nandabalan K, et al. Complex promoter and coding region beta 2-adrenergic receptor haplotypes alter receptor expression and predict in vivo responsiveness. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000;97:10483-8.
17. McLeod HL, Relling MV, Liu Q, Pui CH, Evans WE. Polymorphic thiopurine methyltransferase in erythrocytes is indicative of activity in leukemic blasts from children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 1995;85:1897-902.
18. McLeod HL, Krynetski EY, Relling MV, Evans WE. Genetic polymorphism of thiopurine methyltransferase and its clinical relevance for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2000;14:567-72.
19. McLeod HL, Siva C. The thiopurine S-methyltransferase gene locus - implications for clinical pharmacogenomics. Pharmacogenomics 2002;3:89-98.
20. Kroemer HK, Eichelbaum M. "It's the genes, stupid." Molecular bases and clinical consequences of genetic cytochrome P450 2D6 polymorphism. Life Sci 1995;56:2285-98.
21. Ingelman-Sundberg M. Genetic polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6): clinical consequences, evolutionary aspects and functional diversity. Pharmacogenomics J 2005;5:6-13.
22. CIGNA HealthCare coverage position: drug metabolizing enzyme genotyping systems (e.g., AmpliChip, Invader). Accessed April 12, 2007, at: http://www.cigna.com/customer_care/healthcare_professional/coverage_positions/ medical/mm_0381_coveragepositioncriteria_AmpliChip.pdf.
23. AETNA. Clinical policy bulletin: pharmacogenetic testing, No. 0715. Accessed April 12, 2007, at: http://www.aetna.com/cpb/medical/data/700_799/0715. html.
24. McLeod HL, Evans WE. Pharmacogenomics: unlocking the human genome for better drug therapy. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2001;41:101-21.
25. Green SA, Turki J, Innis M, Liggett SB. Amino-terminal polymorphisms of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor impart distinct agonist-promoted regulatory properties [published correction appears in Biochemistry 1994;33:14368]. Biochemistry 1994;33:9414-9.
26. Chong LK, Chowdry J, Ghahramani P, Peachell PT. Influence of genetic polymorphisms in the beta2-adrenoceptor on desensitization in human lung mast cells. Pharmacogenetics 2000;10:153-62.
27. Dishy V, Sofowora GG, Xie HG, Kim RB, Byrne DW, Stein CM, et al. The effect of common polymorphisms of the beta2-adrenergic receptor on agonist-mediated vascular desensitization. N Engl J Med 2001;345:1030-5.
28. Lima JJ, Thomason DB, Mohamed MH, Eberle LV, Self TH, Johnson JA. Impact of genetic polymorphisms of the beta2-adrenergic receptor on albuterol bronchodilator pharmacodynamics. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1999;65:519-25.
29. Israel E, Drazen JM, Liggett SB, Boushey HA, Cherniack RM, Chinchilli VM, et al., for the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Asthma Clinical Research Network. Effect of polymorphism of the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor on response to regular use of albuterol in asthma. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2001;124:183-6.
30. Gage BF, Eby C, Milligan PE, Banet GA, Duncan JR, McLeod HL. Use of pharmacogenetics and clinical factors to predict the maintenance dose of warfarin. Thromb Haemost 2004;91:87-94.
31. Higashi MK, Veenstra DL, Kondo LM, Wittkowsky AK, Srinouanprachanh SL, Farin FM, et al. Association between CYP2C9 genetic variants and anticoagulation-related outcomes during warfarin therapy. JAMA 2002;287:1690-8.
32. Hillman MA, Wilke RA, Caldwell MD, Berg RL, Glurich I, Burmester JK. Relative impact of covariates in prescribing warfarin according to CYP2C9 genotype. Pharmacogenetics 2004;14:539-47.
33. Li T, Chang CY, Jin DY, Lin PJ, Khvorova A, Stafford DW. Identification of the gene for vitamin K epoxide reductase. nature 2004;427:541-4.
34. Rieder MJ, Reiner AP, Gage BF, Nickerson DA, Eby CS, McLeod HL, et al. Effect of VKORC1 haplotypes on transcriptional regulation and warfarin dose. N Engl J Med 2005;352:2285-93.
35. Voora D, McLeod HL, Eby C, Gage BF. Use of pharmacogenetics to guide warfarin therapy. Timely Top Med Cardiovasc Dis 2004;8:E4.
36. Wang WY, Barratt BJ, Clayton DG, Todd JA. Genome-wide association studies: theoretical and practical concerns. Nat Rev Genet 2005;6:109-18.
37. Hirschhorn JN, Daly MJ. Genome-wide association studies for common diseases and complex traits. Nat Rev Genet 2005;6:95-108.