Perceived social support among bullies, victims, and bully-victims

Journal of Youth and Adolescence

Volumn 36, Issue 8, 2007, Pages 984-994

  Holt, Melissa K ^a   Espelage, Dorothy L ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN   (United States)

Author keywords

Adolescence; Bullying; Social support; Victimization

Indexed keywords

EID: 35549004500     PISSN: 00472891     EISSN: 15736601     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10964-006-9153-3     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Achenbach TM (1991) Manual for the Youth Self-Report and 1991 Profile
2. Bennett DS, Bates JE (1995) Prospective models of depressive symptoms in early adolescence: Attributional style, stress, and support. J Early Adolesc 15:299-315
3. Bond L, Carlin JB, Thomas L (2001) Does bullying cause emotional problems? A prospective study of young teenagers. Br Med J 323:480-484
4. Champion K, Vernberg E, Shipman K (2003) Nonbullying victims of bullies: Aggression, social skills, and friendship characteristics. Appl Dev Psychol 24:535-551
5. Cohen S, Wills TA (1985) Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychol Bull 98:310-357
6. Colarossi LG, Eccles JS (2003) Differential effects of support providers on adolescents' mental health. Soc Work Res 27:19-30
7. Connell JP, Spenser MB, Aber JL (1994) Educational risk and resilience in African-American youth: Context, self, action, and outcomes in school. Child Dev 65:493-506
8. Crick NR, Grotpeter JK (1996) Children's treatment by peers: Victims of relational and overt aggression. Dev Psychopathol 8:367-380
9. Crick NR, Nelson DA (2002) Relational and physical aggression within friendships: Nobody told me there'd be friends like this. J Abnorm Child Psychol 30:599-607
10. Demaray MK, Malecki CK (2003) Perceptions of the frequency and importance of social support by students classified as victims, bullies, and bully/victims in an urban middle school. School Psychol Rev 32:471-489
11. Denny S, Clark TC, Fleming T, Wall M (2004) Emotional resilience: Risk and protective factors for depression among alternative education students in New Zealand. Am J Orthopsychiatry 74:137-149
12. Dounay J (2005) State Anti-bullying Statutes. Retrieved March 1, 2006, from http://www.ecs.org/clearinghouse/60/41/6041.htm
13. Espelage DL, Bosworth K, Simon TR (2000) Examining the social context of bullying behaviors in early adolescence. J Couns Dev 78:326-333
14. Espelage DL, Holt MK (2001) Bullying and victimization during early adolescence: Peer influences and psychosocial correlates. In Geffner R, Loring M (eds) Bullying behaviors: Current issues, research, and interventions. The Haworth Press, Binghampton, NY
15. Espelage DL, Holt MK, Henkel RR (2003) Examination of peer-group contextual effects on aggression during early adolescence. Child Dev 74:205-220
16. Furlong MJ, Chung A, Bates M, Morrison RL (1995) Who are the victims of school violence? A comparison of student non-victims and multi-victims. Educ Treat Child 18:282-299
17. Furman W (1996) The measurement of friendship perceptions: Conceptual and methodological issues. In Bukowski WM, Newcomb AF, Hartup WW (eds) The company they keep: Friendship in childhood and adolescence. Cambridge University Press, London, pp. 41-65
18. Furman W, Buhrmester D (1985) Children's perceptions of the personal relationships in their social networks. Dev Psychol 21:1016-1024
19. Furman W, Buhrmester D (1992) Age and sex differences in perceptions of networks of personal relationships. Child Dev 63:103-115
20. Grant KE, O'Koon JH, Davis TH, Roache NA, Poindexter LM, Armstrong ML, et al (2000) Protective factors affecting low income urban African-American youth exposed to stress. J Early Adolesc 20:388-417
21. Hawker DSJ, Boulton MJ (2000) Twenty years' research on peer victimization and psychosocial maladjustment: A meta-analytic review of cross-sectional studies. J Child Psychol Psychiatry Allied Discip 41:441-455
22. Haynie DL, Nansel T, Eitel P (2001) Bullies, victims, and bully/victims: Distinct groups of at-risk youth. J Early Adolesc 21:29-49
23. Hodges EVE, Boivin M, Vitaro F, Bukowski WM (1999) The power of friendship: Protection against an escalating cycle of peer victimization. Dev Psychol 35:94-101
24. Holt MK, Espelage DL (2005) Social Support as a Moderator Between Dating Violence Victimization and Depression/Anxiety Among African American and Caucasian Adolescents. School Psychol Rev 34:309-328
25. Hunter SC, Boyle JME (2004) Appraisal and coping strategy use in victims of school bullying. Br J Dev Psychol 74:83-107
26. Jessor R, Van Den Bos J, Vanderryn J (1995) Protective factors in adolescent problem behavior: Moderator effects and developmental change. Dev Psychol 31:923-933
27. Kaltiala-Heino R, Rimpelae M, Rantanen P (2001) Bullying at school: An indicator for adolescents at risk for mental disorders. J Adolesc 23:661-674
28. Kochenderfer BJ, Ladd GW (1997) Victimized children's responses to peers' aggression: Behaviors associated with reduced versus continued victimization. Dev Psychopathol 9:59-73
29. Kochenderfer-Ladd B, Skinner K (2002) Children's coping strategies: Moderators of the effects of peer victimization? Dev Psychol 38(2):267-278
30. Kolbo JR (1996) Risk and reslience among children exposed to family violence. Violence Vict 11:113-128
31. Kumpulainen K, Rasanen E, Henttonen I (1998) Children involved in bullying: Psychological disturbance and the persistence of the involvement. Child Abuse Negl 23:1253-1262
32. Limber SP, Snell MA (2003) State laws and policies to address bullying in schools. School Psychol Rev 32:445-455
33. Luster T, Small SA (1997) Sexual abuse history and problems in adolescence: Exploring the effects of moderating variables. J Marriage Fam 59:131-142
34. Malecki CK, Elliott SN (1999) Adolescents' ratings of perceived social support and its importance: Validation of the Student Social Support Scale. Psychol Schools 36:473-483
35. McCreary ML, Slavin LA, Berry EJ (1996) Predicting problem behavior and self-esteem among African-American adolescents. J Adolesc Res 11:216-234
36. Nansel TR, Haynie DL, Simons-Morton BG (2003) The association of bullying and victimization with middle school adjustment. J Appl School Psychol 19:45-61
37. Nansel TR, Overpeck M, Pilla RS, Ruan WJ, Simons-Morton BG, Scheidt P (2001) Bullying behaviors among US youth: Prevalence and association with psychosocial adjustment. J Am Med Assoc 285:2094-2100
38. Naylor P, Cowie H, del Rey R (2001) Coping strategies of secondary school children in response to being bullied. Child Psychol Psychiatry Rev 6:114-120
39. Neary A, Joseph S (1994) Peer victimization and its relation to self-concept and depression among schoolgirls. Person Individ Diff 16:183-186
40. Olweus D (1995) Bullying or peer abuse at school: Intervention and prevention. In Davies G, Lloyd-Bostock S (eds) Psychology, law, and criminal justice: International developments in research and practice. Walter De Gruyter, Oxford, England
41. Parker JG, Asher SR (1993) Friendship and friendship quality in middle childhood: Links with peer group acceptance and feelings of loneliness and social dissatisfaction. Dev Psychol 29:611-621
42. Parker JG, Low CM, Walker AR, Gamm BK (2005) Friendship jealousy in young adolescents: Individual differences and links to sex, self-esteem, aggression, and social adjustment. Dev Psychol 41:235-250
43. Pellegrini AD, Bartini M, Brooks F (1999) School bullies, victims, and aggressive victims: Factors relating to group affiliation and victimization in early adolescence. J Educ Psychol 91:216-224
44. Prinstein MJ, Boergers J, Vernberg EM (2001) Overt and relational aggression in adolescents: Social-psychological adjustment of aggressors and victims. J Clin Child Psychol 30:479-491
45. Rigby K (2000) Effects of peer victimization in schools and perceived social support on adolescent well-being. J Adolesc 23:57-68
46. Rigby K, Slee PT (1999) Suicidal ideation among adolescent school children, involvement in bully victim problems, and perceived low social support. Suicide Life-Threat Behav 29:119-130
47. Salmivalli C, Karhunen J, Lagerspetz K (1996) How do the victims respond to bullying? Aggressive Behav 22:99-109
48. Schwartz D, Dodge K, Pettit GS, Bates JE (2000) Friendship as a moderating factor in the pathway between early harsh home environment and later victimization in the peer group. Dev Psychol 36:646-662
49. Seals D, Young J (2003) Bullying and victimization: Prevalence and relationship to gender, grade level, ethnicity, self-esteem, and depression. Adolescence 38:735-747
50. Seidman E, Allen L, et al (1995) Development and validation of adolescent-perceived microsystem scales: Social support, daily hassles, and involvement. Am J Community Psychol 23:355-388
51. Smith C (2003) Theorizing religious effects among American adolescents. J Sci Study Religion 42:17-30
52. Smith PK, Talamelli L (2001) How pupils cope with bullying: A longitudinal study of successful and unsuccessful outcomes. Paper presented at the British Psychology Society Conference, Glasgow, Scotland
53. Smith PK, Talamelli L, Cowie H, Naylor P, Chauhan P (2004) Profiles of non-victims, escaped victims, continuing victims and new victims of school bullying. Br J Educ Psychol 74:565-581
54. Swearer SM, Song SY, Cary PT (2001) Psychosocial correlates in bullying and victimization: The relationship between depression, anxiety, and bully/victim status. In Geffner RA, Loring M (eds) Bullying behavior: Current issues, research, and interventions. Haworth Maltreatment and Trauma Press/The Haworth Press, Inc., Binghamton, NY, pp. 95-121
55. Tajfel H, Turner JC (1979) An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In Worchel S, Austin WG (eds) The social psychology of intergroup relations. Brooks/Cole Publishers, Monterey
56. Visser JH, Van Der Ende J, Koot HM, Verhulst FC (1999) Continuity of psychopathology in youths referred to mental health services. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 38:1560-1568
57. Wasserstein SB, La Greca AM (1996) Can peer support buffer against behavioral consequences of parental discord? J Clin Child Psychol 25:177-182