Safe levels of cadmium intake to prevent renal toxicity in human subjects

British Journal of Nutrition

Volumn 84, Issue 6, 2000, Pages 791-802

  Satarug, Soisungwan ^a   Haswell Elkins, Melissa R ^b   Moore, Michael R ^a  

^a University of Queensland and Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CADMIUM; GLUCOSE; KIDNEY ENZYME; METALLOTHIONEIN;

ABSORPTION; BODY BURDEN; CEREAL; CRUSTACEA; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIETARY INTAKE; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; FISH; FOOD COMPOSITION; FOOD SAFETY; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; KIDNEY DISEASE; KIDNEY FUNCTION; KIDNEY TUBULE DISORDER; LIVER METABOLISM; MAXIMUM TOLERATED DOSE; MEAT; MOLLUSC; NEPHROTOXICITY; NONHUMAN; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; VEGETABLE;

CRUSTACEA; MOLLUSCA;

EID: 0034490142     PISSN: 00071145     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/s0007114500002403     Document Type: Review

References (113)

1. Potentiation of diabetic nephropathy in uniephrectomized rats subchronically exposed to cadmium
2. In vivo analysis of cadmium in battery workers versus measurements of blood, urine, and workplace air
3. 2+-binding protein (parathymosin)
4. Intracellular zinc movement and its effect on the carbohydrate metabolism of isolated rat hepatocytes
5. Involvement of metallothionein in the regulation of mineral metabolism
6. The influence of calcium content in diet on cumulation and toxicity of cadmium in the organism
7. Renal effects of cadmium body burden of the general population
8. Renal dysfunction from cadmium contamination of irrigation water dose-response analysis in a Chinese population
9. Nephrotoxicity in rats following liver transplantation from cadmium-exposed rats
10. Soil cadmium as a threat to human health
11. Metallothionein levels in liver and kidney of Canadians - A potential indicator of environmental exposure to cadmium
12. Metal elements and gene expression
13. Hyperzincuria in individuals with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: Concurrent zinc status and the effect of high-dose zinc supplementation
14. Gastrointestinal absorption of metals
15. 109CdMT
16. Cadmium-induced hepatic and renal injury in chronically exposed rats: Likely role of hepatic cadmium-metallothionein in nephrotoxicity
17. Cadmium exposure from smoking cigarettes: Variations with time and country where purchased
18. Cadmium concentrations in human liver, blood, and bile: Comparison with a metabolic model
19. Cadmium in kidney cortex, liver and pancreas from Swedish autopsies: Estimation of biological half time in kidney cortex, considering calorie intake and smoking habits
20. Cadmium inhalation exposure estimates: Their significance with respect to kidney and liver burden
21. Critical concentrations of cadmium in human renal cortex
22. Evaluation of biological indicators of body burden of cadmium in humans
23. Dose-response analysis of cadmium in man: Body burden vs kidney dysfunction
24. Endogenous intestinal metallothionein possibly contributes to the renal accumulation of cadmium
25. Small-intestinal absorption of cadmium and the significance of mucosal metallothionein
26. Role of metallothionein and cysteine-rich intestinal protein in the regulation of zinc absorption by the diabetic rat
27. Increased dietary cadmium absorption in mice and human subjects with iron deficiency
28. Identification of Nramp2 as an iron transporter protein: Another piece of the intestinal iron absorption puzzle
29. The concept of critical levels of toxic heavy metals in target tissues
30. Dietary intake, levels in food and estimated intake of lead, cadmium and mercury
31. The intestinal absorption of cadmium increase during a common viral infection (Coxsackie virus B3) in mice
32. Trace metal concentrations in livers and kidneys of sea turtles from south-eastern Queensland, Australia
33. Interaction of dietary Ca, P, Mn, Cu, Fe, Zn and Se with accumulation and oral toxicity of cadmium in rats
34. Cloning and characterization of a mammalian proton-coupled metal-ion transporter
35. Inhibition of transcription factor IIIA-DNA interactions by xenobiotic metal ions
36. 2-microglobulin using logistic regression analysis
37. Tissue distribution of cadmium in rats given minimum amounts of cadmium-polluted rice or cadmium chloride for 8 months
38. Ascorbic acid clearance in diabetic nephropathy
39. Zinc, copper and magnesium status in insulin-dependent diabetes
40. Follow up study of renal tubular dysfunction and mortality among residents of an area polluted with cadmium
41. Blood cadmium as an indicator of dose in a long-term follow-up of workers previously exposed to cadmium
42. Health effects of cadmium exposure - A review of literature and a risk estimate
43. Cadmium-metallothionein nephrotoxicity is increased in genetically diabetic as compared with normal Chinese hamsters
44. Toxicokinetics and biochemistry of cadmium with special emphasis on the role of metallothionein
45. The susceptibility of spontaneously diabetic mice to cadmium-metallothionein nephrotoxicity
46. Evolution, structure and chemical activity of class I metallothioneins: An overview
47. Dietary flavonoids interact with trace metals and affect metallothionein levels in human intestinal cells
48. Cadmium: Exposure markers as predictors of nephrotoxic effects
49. Genotypic variation in kernel cadmium concentration in sunflower germplasm under varying soil conditions
50. Increased body cadmium burden in Chinese women without smoking and occupational exposure
51. Accumulation of cadmium from wheat bran, sugar-beet fibre, carrots and cadmium chloride in the liver and kidneys of mice
52. 2 and CdMT exposure with acute CdMT injection in rats
53. Metal accumulation in human kidney cortex: Mutual interrelations and effect of human factors
54. Diabetes nephropathy
55. Cadmium concentrations in human kidney in the UK: 1978-1993
56. Cadmium in soils and plants
57. Cadmium exposure and renal accumulation in an Australian urban population
58. Preventing end-stage renal disease
59. Evaluation of urinary cadmium and lead as markers of background exposure of middle-aged women in Korea
60. Evaluation of urinary cadmium and lead as markers of background exposure of middle-aged women in Korea: Dietary intake as an influential factor
61. Cadmium intake and cadmium in the human kidney
62. Oral cadmium exposure of adults in Germany 2: Market basket calculations
63. 2-microglobulin and mortality rate by cause of death in a cadmium-polluted area
64. 2-microglobulin and mortality in a cadmium polluted area
65. Concentration of cadmium in rice and urinary indicators of renal dysfunction
66. Histopathological evidence of vitamin C protection against Cd-nephrotoxicity in guinea pigs
67. Relationship between urinary cadmium and mortality among inhabitants living in a cadmium polluted area in Japan
68. Biological monitoring of cadmium exposure and renal effects in a population group residing in a polluted area in China
69. Urinary cadmium as indicator or renal cadmium in humans: As autopsy study
70. The elusive function of metallothioneins
71. A clinical approach for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, an analysis using glycosylated hemoglobin levels
72. Endotoxin-induced inflammation does not cause hepatic zinc accumulation in mice lacking metallothionein gene expression
73. Absorption and organ content of cadmium from the kernels of confectionery sunflowers (Helianthus anmnis) fed to male rats
74. Cadmium burden of men and women who report regular consumption of confectionery sunflower kernels containing a natural abundance of cadmium
75. Cadmium accumulation, zinc status and mineral bioavailability of growing rats fed diets high in zinc with increasing amounts of phytic acid
76. Trace metal, acute phase and metabolic response to endotoxin in metallothionein-null mice
77. Evidence for a synergistic interaction between cadmium and endotoxin toxicity and for nitric oxide and cadmium displacement of metals in the kidney
78. The dose-dependent deposition of cadmium in organs of Japanese quails following oral administration
79. Diabetes, microalbuminuria and hypertension
80. An epidemic of renal failure among the Australian Aboriginals
81. Cadmium concentrations in human kidney and liver tissues from Western Australia
82. Public health implications of environmental exposure to cadmium and lead: An overview of epidemiological studies in Belgium
83. 2+ in plasma and kidneys after single intravenous injection of Cd-metallothionein-II
84. Metallothionein expression is increased in monocytes and erythrocytes of young men during zinc supplementation
85. Influence of dietary iron deficiency on acute metal intoxication
86. Determinants of serum zinc in a random population sample of four Belgian towns with different degrees of environmental exposure and body burden
87. Age dependency of selenium and cadmium content in human liver, kidney and thyroid
88. Cadmium and zinc relationships in the liver and kidney of humans exposed to environmental cadmium
89. Bioavailability of cadmium from shellfish and mixed diet in women
90. Toxicological principles of metal carcinogenesis with special emphasis on cadmium
91. Cadmium-induced route specific alterations in essential trace element homeostasis
92. Effect of citric acid supplements to a maize-soya diet on the in vitro availability of minerals, trace elements and heavy metals
93. Nephrotoxicity of repeated injection of cadmium-metallothionein in rats
94. Blood cadmium levels in the populations of Masan, Korea and in Miyagi, Japan: An inter-regional comparison
95. Iron biominerals in medicine and the environment
96. Serum vitamin C concentrations and diabetes: Findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination
97. Plasma, granulocyte and mononuclear cell copper and zinc in patients with diabetes mellitus
98. The effect of whole wheat, wheat bran and zinc in the diet on the absorption and accumulation of cadmium in rats
99. Diabetes mellitus and free radicals. Free radicals, transition metals and oxidative stress in the aetiology of diabetes and complications
100. Elements in major raw agriculture crops in the United States. I. Cadmium and lead in lettuce, peanuts, potatoes, soybeans, sweet corns, and wheat
101. Recently identified molecular aspects of intestinal iron absorption
102. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. Thirty-third report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on food additives. WHO technical report series no. 776
103. Toxicology evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. WHO technical report series no. 837
104. Association between renal effects and cadmium exposure in cadmium-nonpolluted areas in Japan
105. Age-dependent changes in metallothionein levels in liver and kidney of the Japanese