Effects of floral display size and biparental inbreeding on outcrossing rates in Delphinium barbeyi (Ranunculaceae)

American Journal of Botany

Volumn 94, Issue 10, 2007, Pages 1696-1705

  Williams, Charles F ^a,b  

^a Nucl Eng Idaho State University   (United States)

^b ROCKY MOUNTAIN BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

Colorado; Delphinium barbeyi; Geitonogamy; Genetic structure; Inflorescence size and number; Pollinator behavior; Ranunculaceae; Selfing rate

Indexed keywords

DICOTYLEDON; DISPLAY BEHAVIOR; ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT; GENETIC STRUCTURE; OUTCROSSING; PARENTAL CARE; POLLINATION; POLLINATOR; SELECTION; TRADE-OFF;

DELPHINIUM; DELPHINIUM BARBEYI; RANUNCULACEAE;

EID: 35348941745     PISSN: 00029122     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3732/ajb.94.10.1696     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. ASHMAN, T.-L., T. M. KNIGHT, J. A. STEETS, P. AMARASEKARE, M. BURD, D. R. CAMPBELL, M. R. DUDASH, M. O. JOHNSTON, S. J. MAZER, R. J. MITCHELL, M. T. MORGAN, AND W. G. WILSON. 2004. Pollen limitation of plant reproduction: ecological and evolutionary causes and consequences. Ecology 85: 2408-2421.
2. BARRETT, S. C. H., L. D. HARDER, AND W. W. COLE. 1994. Effects of flower number and position on self-fertilization in experimental populations of Eichhornia paniculata (Pontederiaceae). Functional Ecology 8: 526-535.
3. BERNASKIE, J. M., AND R. V. CARTAR. 2004. Variation in rate of nectar production depends on floral display size: a pollinator manipulation hypothesis. Functional Ecology 18: 125-129.
4. BEST, L. S., AND P. BIERZYCHUDEK. 1982. Pollinator foraging on foxglove (Digitalis purpurea): a test of a new model. Evolution 36: 70-79.
5. BRUNET, J., AND C. G. ECKERT. 1998. Effects of floral morphology and display on outcrossing in blue columbine, Aquilegia caerulea (Ranunculaceae). Functional Ecology 12: 596-606.
6. BRUNET, J., AND H. R. SWEET. 2006a. Impact of insect pollinator group and floral display size on outcrossing rate. Evolution 60: 234-246.
7. BRUNET, J., AND H. R. SWEET. 2006b. The maintenance of selfing in a population of the Rocky Mountain columbine. International Journal of Plant Sciences 167: 213-219.
8. CHARLESWORTH, B. 1980. The cost of sex in relation to mating system. Journal of Theoretical Biology 84: 655-671.
9. CHARLESWORTH, D., AND B. CHARLESWORTH. 1987a. The effect of investment in attractive structures on allocation to male and female functions in plants. Evolution 41: 948-968.
10. CHARLESWORTH, D., AND B. CHARLESWORTH. 1987b. Inbreeding depression and its evolutionary consequences. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 18: 237-268.
11. CRAWFORD, T. J. 1984. What is a population? In B. Shorrocks [ed.], Evolutionary ecology, 135-173. Blackwell, London, UK.
12. CRUZAN, M. B., AND M. L. ARNOLD. 1994. Assortative mating and natural selection in hybridizing irises: effects of phenology and floral densities on family outcrossing rates. Heredity 72: 95-105.
13. DARWIN, C. R. 1876. The effects of cross- and self-fertilization in the vegetable kingdom. Murray, London, UK.
14. DARWIN, C. R. 1877. The different forms of flowers on plants of the same species. Murray, London, UK.
15. DE JONG, T. J., P. G. L. KLINKHAMER, AND M. J. VAN STAALDUINEN. 1992. The consequences of pollination biology for selection of mass or extended blooming. Functional Ecology 6: 606-615.
16. DE JONG, T. J., N. M. WASER, AND P. G. L. KLINKHAMER. 1993. Geitonogamy: the neglected side of selfing. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 8: 321-325.
17. ECKERT, C. G. 2000. Contributions of autogamy and geitonogamy to self-fertilization in a mass flowering, clonal plant. Ecology 81: 532-542.
18. ECKERT, C. G., AND C. R. HERLIHY. 2004. Using a cost-benefit approach to understand the evolution of self-fertilization in plants: the perplexing case of Aquilegia canandensis (Ranunculaceae). Plant Species Biology 19: 159-173.
19. EMMS, S. K., D. A. STRATTON, AND A. A. SNOW. 1997. The effect of inflorescence size on male fitness: experimental tests in the andromonoecious lily, Zigadenus paniculatus. Evolution 51: 1481-1489.
20. FINER, M. S., AND M. T. MORGAN. 2003. Effects of natural rates of geitonogamy on fruit set in Asclepias speciosa (Apocynaceae): evidence favoring the plant's dilemma. American Journal of Botany 90: 1746-1750.
21. GALLOWAY, L. F., T. CIRIGLIANO, AND K. GREMSKI. 2002. The contribution of display size and dichogamy to potential geitonogamy in Campanula americana. International Journal of Plant Sciences 163: 133-139.
22. GEBER, M. A. 1985. The relationship of plant size to self-pollination in Mertensia ciliata. Ecology 66: 762-772.
23. GOODWILLIE, C., S. KALISZ, AND C. G. ECKERT. 2005. The evolutionary enigma of mixed mating systems in plants: occurrence, theoretical explanations, and empirical evidence. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 36: 47-79.
24. GRIFFIN, C. A. M., AND C. G. ECKERT. 2003. Experimental analysis of biparental inbreeding in a self-fertilizing plant. Evolution 57: 1513-1519.
25. HANDEL, S. N. 1985. The intrusion of clonal growth patterns on plant breeding systems. American Naturalist 125: 367-384.
26. HARDER, L. D., AND S. C. H. BARRETT. 1995. Mating cost of large floral displays in hermaphroditic plants. Nature 373: 512-515.
27. HARDER, L. D., AND S. C. H. BARRETT. 1996. Pollen dispersal and mating patterns in animal pollinated plants. In D. G. Lloyd and S. C. H. Barrett [eds.], Floral biology: studies on floral evolution in animalpollinated plants, 140-190. Chapman and Hall, New York, New York, USA.
28. HARDER, L. D., S. C. H. BARRETT, AND W. W. COLE. 2000. The mating consequences of sexual segregation within inflorescences of flowering plants. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B, Biological Sciences 267: 315-320.
29. HARDER, L. D., N. M. WILLIAMS, C. Y. JORDAN, AND W. A. NELSON. 2001. The effects of floral design and display on pollinator economics and pollen dispersal. In L. Chittka and J. D. Thomson [eds.], Cognitive ecology of pollination: animal behavior and floral evolution, 297-317. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
30. HERLIHY, C. R., AND C. G. ECKERT. 2004. Experimental dissection of inbreeding and its adaptive significance in a flowering plant, Aquilegia canadensis (Ranunculaceae). Evolution 58: 2693-2703.
31. HESSING, M. B. 1988. Geitonogamous pollination and its consequences in Geranium caespitosum. American Journal of Botany 75: 1324-1333.
32. HEYWOOD, J. S. 1991. Spatial analysis of genetic variation in plant populations. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 22: 335-355.
33. HOLSINGER, K. E., M. W. FELDMAN, AND F. B. CHRISTIANSEN. 1984. The evolution of self-fertilization in plants. American Naturalist 124: 446-453.
34. HUANG, S.-Q., L.-L. TANG, J.-F. SUN, AND Y. LU. 2006. Pollinator response to female and male floral display in a monoecious species and its implications for the evolution of floral dimorphism. New Phytologist 171: 417-424.
35. HUSBAND, B. C., AND D. W. SCHEMSKE. 1996. Evolution of the magnitude and timing of inbreeding depression in plants. Evolution 50: 54-70.
36. ISHII, H. S., AND L. D. HARDER. 2006. The size of individual Delphinium flowers and the opportunity for geitonogamous pollination. Functional Ecology 20: 1115-1123.
37. IVEY, C. T., AND R. WYATT. 1999. Family outcrossing rates and neighborhood floral density in natural populations of swamp milkweed (Asclepias incarnata): potential statistical artifacts. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 98: 1063-1071.
38. JOHNSTON, M. O. 1998. Evolution of intermediate selfing rates in plants: pollination ecology versus deleterious mutations. Genetica 102/103: 267-278.
39. KALISZ, S., AND D. W. VOGLER. 2003. Benefits of autonomous selfing under unpredictable pollinator environments. Ecology 84: 2928-2942.
40. KARRON, J. D., R. J. MITCHELL, K. G. HOLMQUIST, J. M. BELL, AND B. FUNK. 2004. The influence of floral display size on selfing rates in Mimulus ringens. Heredity 92: 242-248.
41. KLINKHAMER, P. G. L., AND T. J. DE JONG. 1993. Attractiveness to pollinators: a plant's dilemma. Oikos 66: 180-184.
42. KLINKHAMER, P. G. L., T. J. DE JONG, AND G.-J. DE BRUYN. 1989. Plant size and pollinator visitation in Cynoglossum officinale. Oikos 54: 201-204.
43. LANGENHEIM, J. H. 1962. Vegetation and environmental patterns in the Crested Butte area, Gunnison County, Colorado. Ecological Monographs 32: 249-285.
44. LECLERC-POTVIN, C., AND K. RITLAND. 1994. Modes of self-fertilization in Mimulus guttatus (Scrophulariaceae): a field experiment. American Journal of Botany 81: 199-205.
45. LEVIN, D. A., AND H. W. KERSTER. 1974. Gene flow in seed plants. Evolutionary Biology 7: 139-220.
46. LLOYD, D. G. 1979. Some reproductive factors affecting the selection of self-fertilization in plants. American Naturalist 113: 67-79.
47. LLOYD, D. G. 1992. Self- and cross-fertilization in plants. II. The selection of self-fertilization. International Journal of Plant Sciences 151: 370-380.
48. LLOYD, D. G., AND D. J. SCHOEN. 1992. Self- and cross-fertilization in plants. I. Functional dimensions. International Journal of Plant Sciences 151: 358-369.
49. MITCHELL, R. J. 1994. Effects of floral traits, pollinator visitation, and plant size on Ipomopsis aggregata fruit production. American Naturalist 143: 870-889.
50. MITCHELL, R. J., J. D. KARRON, K. G. HOLMQUIST, AND J. M. BELL. 2004. The influence of Mimulus ringens floral display size on pollinator visitation patterns. Functional Ecology 18: 116-124.
51. MITCHELL, R. J., J. D. KARRON, K. G. HOLMQUIST, AND J. M. BELL. 2005. Patterns of multiple paternity in fruits of Mimulus ringens (Phrymaceae). American Journal of Botany 92: 885-890.
52. MORGAN, M. T., AND W. G. WILSON. 2005. Self-fertilization and the escape from pollen limitation in variable pollination environments. Evolution 59: 1143-1148.
53. OHASHI, K., AND T. YAHARA. 2001. Behavioral responses of pollinators to variation in floral display size and their influences on the evolution of floral traits. In L. Chittka and J. D. Thomson [eds.], Cognitive ecology of pollination: animal behavior and floral evolution, 274-296. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
54. PEAKALL, R., AND P. E. SMOUSE. 2001. GenAlEx V5: genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research. Australian National University, Canberra, Australia. Website http://www.anu.edu.au/BoZo/GenAlEx [accessed 5 August 2007].
55. PYKE, G. H. 1978. Optimal foraging in bumble bees and coevolution with their plants. Oecologia 36: 281-293.
56. RITLAND, K. 1984. The effective proportion of self-fertilization with consanguineous matings in inbred populations. Genetics 106: 139-152.
57. RITLAND, K. 2002. Extensions of models for the estimation of mating systems using n independent loci. Heredity 88: 221-228.
58. ROUTLEY, M. B., AND B. C. HUSBAND. 2003. The effect of protandry on siring success in Chamerion angustifolium (Onagraceae) with different inflorescence sizes. Evolution 57: 240-248.
59. SCHOEN, D. J., AND D. G. LLOYD. 1992. Self- and cross-fertilization in plants. III. Methods for studying modes and functional aspects of self-fertilization. International Journal of Plant Sciences 153: 381-393.
60. SHAW, D. V., A. L. KAHLER, AND R. W ALLARD. 1981. A multilocus estimator of mating system parameters in plant populations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 78: 1298-1302.
61. SLATKIN, M., AND H. E. ARTER. 1991. Spatial autocorrelation methods in population genetics. American Naturalist 138: 499-517.
62. SMOUSE, P. E., AND R. PEAKALL. 1999. Spatial autocorrelation analysis of individual multiallele and multilocus genetic structure. Heredity 82: 561-573.
63. SNOW, A. A., T. P. SPIRA, R. SIMPSON, AND R. A. KLIPS. 1996. The ecology of geitonogamous pollination. In D. G. Lloyd and S. C. H. Barrett [eds.], Floral biology: studies on floral evolution in animal-pollinated plants, 191-215. Chapman and Hall, New York, New York, USA.
64. SUN, M., AND F. R. GANDERS. 1988. Mixed mating systems in Hawaiian Bidens (Asteraceae). Evolution 42: 516-527.
65. UYENOYAMA, M. K. 1986. Inbreeding and the cost of meiosis: the evolution of selfing in populations practicing partial biparental inbreeding. Evolution 40: 388-404.
66. UYENOYAMA, M. K., K. E. HOLSINGER, AND D. M. WALLER. 1993. Ecological and genetic factors directing the evolution of self fertilization. Oxford Surveys in Evolutionary Biology 9: 327-381.
67. VAUGHTON, G., AND M. RAMSEY. 1998. Floral display, pollinator visitation and reproductive success in the dioecious perennial herb Wurmbea dioica (Liliaceae). Oecologia 115: 93-101.
68. VRIELING, K., P. SAMITOU-LAPRADE, J. CUGUEN, H. VAN DIJK, T. J. DE JONG, AND P. G. L. KLINKHAMER. 1999. Direct and indirect estimates of the selfing rate in small and large individuals of the bumblebee pollinated Cynoglossum officinale L. (Boraginaceae). Ecology Letters 2: 331-337.
69. WADDINGTON, K. D., AND B. HEINRICH. 1979. The foraging movement of bumble-bees on vertical inflorescences: an experimental analysis. Journal of Comparative Physiology 134: 113-117.
70. WALLER, D. M. 1993. The statics and dynamics of mating system evolution. In N. W. Thornhill [ed.], The natural history of inbreeding and outbreeding, 97-117. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA
71. WARNOCK, M. J. 1997. Delphinium. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee [eds.], Flora of North America north of Mexico, vol. 3, 196-240. Oxford University Press, New York, New York, USA.
72. WASER, N. M. 1982. A comparison of distances flown by different visitors to flowers of the same species. Oecologia 55: 251-257.
73. WILLIAMS, C. F. 1994. Genetic consequences of seed dispersal in three sympatric forest herbs. II. Microspatial genetic structure within populations. Evolution 48: 1959-1972.
74. WILLIAMS, C. F., J. RUVINSKY, P. E. SCOTT, AND D. K. HEWS. 2001. Pollination, breeding system, and genetic structure in two sympatric Delphinium (Ranunculaceae) species. American Journal of Botany 88: 1623-1633.
75. WILLIAMS, C. F., AND N. M. WASER. 1999. Spatial genetic structure of Delphinium nuttallianum populations: inferences about gene flow. Heredity 83: 541-550.
76. WILLSON, M. F., AND B. J. RATHCKE. 1974. Adaptive design of the floral display in Asclepias syriaca L. American Midland Naturalist 92: 47-57.