The effect of inflorescence size on male fitness: Experimental tests in the andromonoecious lily, Zigadenus paniculatus

Evolution

Volumn 51, Issue 5, 1997, Pages 1481-1489

  Emms, S K ^a,b,c   Stratton, D A ^a   Snow, A A ^b  

^a PRINCETON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ST THOMAS   (United States)

Author keywords

Andromonoecy; Fitness gain curves; Inflorescence size; Male fitness; Paternity analysis; Pollen donation; Sex allocation

Indexed keywords

LILIUM; TOXICOSCORDION PANICULATUM; ZIGADENUS; ZIGADENUS PANICULATUS;

EID: 0030729327     PISSN: 00143820     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1997.tb01471.x     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. BATEMAN, A. J. 1947. Number of S-alleles in a population. Nature 160:337.
2. BAWA, K. S., AND C. J. WEBB. 1984. Flower, fruit and seed abortion in tropical forest trees: implications for the evolution of paternal and maternal reproductive patterns. Am. J. Bot. 71:736-751.
3. BELL, G. 1985. On the function of flowers. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B Biol. Sci. 224:223-265.
4. BERTIN, R. I. 1988. Paternity in plants. Pp. 30-59 in J. Lovett Doust and L. Lovett Doust, eds. Plant reproductive ecology: patterns and strategies. Oxford Univ. Press, New York.
5. BREWBAKER, J. L. 1959. Biology of the Angiosperm pollen grain. Indian J. Genet. Plant Breed. 19:121-133.
6. BROYLES, S. B., AND R. WYATT. 1990. Paternity analysis in a natural population of Asclepias exaltata: multiple paternity, functional gender, and the "pollen-donation hypothesis." Evolution 44:1454-1468.
7. _. 1995. A reexamination of the pollen-donation hypothesis in an experimental population of Asclepias exaltata. Evolution 49:89-99.
8. CAMPBELL, D. R. 1989. Inflorescence size: test of the male function hypothesis. Am. J. Bot. 76:730-738.
9. CHARNOV, E. L. 1979. Simultaneous hermaphroditism and sexual selection. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 76:2480-2484.
10. _. 1982. The theory of sex allocation. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ.
11. CHARNOV, E. L., J. MAYNARD SMITH, AND J. J. BULL. 1976. Why be an hermaphrodite? Nature 263:125-126.
12. CRONQUIST, A., A. H. HOLMGREN, N. H. HOLMGREN, J. L. REVEAL, AND P. K. HOLMGREN. 1977. Intermountain flora: vascular plants of the Intermountain West, USA. Vol. 6. Columbia Univ. Press, New York.
13. de Nettancourt, D. 1977. Incompatibility in angiosperms. Springer, Berlin, Germany.
14. _. 1984. Incompatibility. Pp. 624-639 in H. F. Linskens and J. Heslop-Harrison, eds. Cellular interactions. Encyclopedia of plant physiology. New ser. Vol. 17. Springer, Berlin, Germany.
15. DEVLIN, B., AND N. C. ELLSTRAND. 1990. Male and female fertility variation in wild radish, a hermaphrodite. Am. Nat. 136:87-107.
16. DEVLIN, B., J. CLEGG, AND N. C. ELLSTRAND. 1992. The effect of flower production on male reproductive success in wild radish populations. Evolution 46:1030-1042.
17. DUDASH, M. R. 1991. Plant size effects on female and male function in hermaphroditic Sabatia angularis (Gentianaceae). Ecology 72: 1004-1012.
18. EHRLÉN, J. 1991. Why do plants produce surplus flowers? A reserve-ovary model. Am. Nat. 138:918-933.
19. EMMS, S. K. 1993a. On measuring fitness gain curves in plants. Ecology 74:1750-1756.
20. _. 1993b. Andromonoecy in Zigadenus paniculatus (Liliaceae): spatial and temporal patterns of sex allocation. Am. J. Bot. 80:914-923.
21. _. 1993c. The adaptive significance of andromonoecy in Zigadenus paniculatus (Liliaceae). Ph.D. diss., Princeton Univ., Princeton, NJ.
22. _. 1996. Temporal patterns of seed set and decelerating fitness returns on female allocation in Zigadenus paniculatus (Liliaceae), an andromonoecious lily. Am. J. Bot. 83:304-315.
23. ENNOS, R. A., AND R. K. DODSON. 1987. Pollen success, functional gender and assortative mating in an experimental plant population. Heredity 58:119-126.
24. FISHBEIN, M., AND D. L. VENABLE. 1996. Evolution of inflorescence design: theory and data. Evolution 50:2165-2177.
25. GERBER, M. A., AND E. L. CHARNOV. 1986. Sex allocation in hermaphrodites with partial overlap in male/female resource inputs. J. Theor. Biol. 118:33-43.
26. HARDER, L. D., AND S. C. H. BARRETT. 1995. Mating cost of large floral displays in hermaphrodite plants. Nature 373:512-515.
27. HARDER, L. D., AND J. D. THOMSON. 1989. Evolutionary options for maximizing pollen dispersal of animal pollinated plants. Am. Nat. 133:323-344.
28. HODGES, S. A. 1993. Consistent interplant variation in nectar characteristics of Mirabilis multiflora. Ecology 74:542-548.
29. JONES, K. N. 1996. Fertility selection on a discrete floral polymorphism in Clarkia (Onagraceae). Evolution 50:71-79.
30. KEPHART, S. R. 1990. Starch gel electrophoresis of plant isozymes: a comparative analysis of techniques. Am. J. Bot. 77:693-712.
31. LEE, T. D. 1988. Patterns of fruit and seed production. Pp. 179-202 in J. Lovett Doust and L. Lovett Doust, eds. Plant reproductive ecology: patterns and strategies. Oxford Univ. Press, New York.
32. LEE, T. D., AND F. A. BAZZAZ. 1982a. Regulation of fruit and seed production in an annual legume. Cassia fasciculata. Ecology 63: 1363-1373.
33. LEVIN, D. A. 1982b. Regulation of the fruit maturation pattern in an annual legume, Cassia fasciculata. Ecology 63:1374-1388.
34. _. 1993. S-gene polymorphism in Phlox drummondii. Heredity 71:193-198.
35. MARSHALL, D. L. 1988. Postpollination effects on seed paternity: mechanisms in addition to microgametophyte competition operate in wild radish. Evolution 42:1256-1266.
36. MARSHALL, D. L., AND N. C. ELLSTRAND. 1986. Sexual selection in Raphanus sativus: experimental data on nonrandom fertilization, maternal choice, and consequences of multiple paternity. Am. Nat. 127:446-461.
37. MEAGHER, T. R. 1991. Analysis of paternity within a natural population of Chamaelirium luteum. II. Patterns of male reproductive success. Am. Nat. 137:738-752.
38. MÜLLER-STARCK, G., AND M. ZIEHE. 1984. Reproductive systems in conifer seed orchards. 3. Female and male fitnesses of individual clones realized in seeds of Pinus sylvestris L. Theor. Appl. Genet. 69:173-177.
39. O'DONNELL, S., AND M. J. LAWRENCE. 1984. The population genetics of the self-incompatibility polymorphism in Papaver rhoeas. IV. The estimation of the number of alleles in a population. Heredity 53:495-507.
40. PLEASANTS, J. M., AND S. J. CHAPLIN. 1983. Nectar production rates of Asclepias quadrifolia: causes and consequences of individual variation. Oecologia 59:232-238.
41. QUELLER, D. C. 1983. Sexual selection in a hermaphroditic plant. Nature 305:706-707.
42. _. 1997. Pollen removal, paternity, and the male function of flowers. Am. Nat. 149:585-594.
43. SAS INSTITUTE. 1988. SAS/STAT user's guide. Rel. 6.03 edition. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC.
44. SCHEMSKE, D. W. 1980. Evolution of floral display in the orchid Brassavola nodosa. Evolution 34:489-493.
45. SCHOEN, D. J., AND M. T. CLEGG. 1985. The influence of flower color on outcrossing rate and male reproductive success in Ipomoea purpurea. Evolution 39:1242-1249.
46. SCHOEN, D. J., AND M. DUBUC. 1990. The evolution of inflorescence size and number: a gamete packaging strategy in plants. Am. Nat. 135:841-857.
47. SCHOEN, D. J., AND S. C. STEWART. 1986. Variation in male reproductive investment and male reproductive success in white spruce. Evolution 40:1109-1120.
48. SNOW, A. A., AND P. O. LEWIS. 1993. Reproductive traits and male fertility in plants: empirical approaches. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 24:331-351.
49. SNOW, A. A., AND T. P. SPIRA. 1991. Pollen vigour and the potential for sexual selection in plants. Nature 352:796-797.
50. SOLTIS, D. E., C. H. HAUFLER, D. C. DARROW, AND G. J. GASTONY. 1983. Starch gel electrophoresis of ferns: a compilation of grinding buffers, gel and electrode buffers, and staining schedules. Am. Fern J. 73:9-27.
51. SPALIK, K. 1991. On evolution of andromonoecy and "overproduction" of flowers: a resource allocation model. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 42:325-336.
52. STANTON, M. L., A. A. SNOW, AND S. N. HANDEL. 1986. Floral evolution: attractiveness to pollinators increases male fitness. Science 232:1625-1627.
53. STANTON, M. L., A. A. SNOW, S. N. HANDEL, AND J. BERECZKY. 1989. The impact of a flower-color polymorphism on mating patterns in experimental populations of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.). Evolution 43:335-346.
54. STEPHENSON, A. G. 1979. An evolutionary examination of the floral display of Catalpa speciosa (Bignoniaceae). Evolution 33:1200-1209.
55. _. 1980. Fruit set, herbivory, fruit reduction, and the fruiting strategy of Catalpa speciosa (Bignoniaceae). Ecology 61:57-64.
56. _. 1981. Flower and fruit abortion: proximate causes and ultimate function. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 12:253-279.
57. STEPHENSON, A. G., AND R. I. BERTIN. 1983. Male competition, female choice, and sexual selection in plants. Pp. 109-149 in L. Real, ed. Pollination biology. Academic Press, New York.
58. SUTHERLAND, S. 1986a. Patterns of fruit set: what controls fruit-flower ratios in plants? Evolution 40:117-128.
59. _. 1986b. Floral sex ratios, fruit set, and resource allocation in plants. Ecology 67:991-1001.
60. _. 1987. Why hermaphroditic plants produce many more flowers than fruits: experimental tests with Agave mckelveyana. Evolution 41:750-759.
61. SUTHERLAND, S., AND L. F. DELPH. 1984. On the importance of male fitness in plants: patterns of fruit-set. Ecology 65:1093-1104.
62. TEPEDINO, V. J. 1981. Notes on the reproductive biology of Zigadenus paniculatus, a toxic range plant. Great Basin Nat. 41: 427-430.
63. THOMSON, J. D., AND S. C. H. BARRETT. 1981. Temporal variation of gender in Aralia hispida Vent. (Araliaceae). Evolution 35: 1094-1107.
64. THOMSON, J. D., AND B. A. THOMSON. 1989. Dispersal of Erythronium grandiflorum pollen by bumblebees: implications for gene flow and reproductive success. Evolution 43:657-661.
65. THOMSON, J. D., M. V. PRICE, N. M. WASER, AND D. A. STRATTON. 1986. Comparative studies of pollen and fluorescent dye transport by bumble bees visiting Erythronium grandiflorum. Oecologia 69:561-566.
66. VONHOF, M. J., AND L. D. HARDER. 1995. Size-number trade-offs and pollen production by Papilionaceous legumes. Am. J. Bot. 82:230-238.
67. WASER, N. M. 1988. Comparative pollen and dye transfer by pollinators of Delphinium nelsonii. Funct. Ecol. 2:41-48.
68. WILLSON, M. F. 1979. Sexual selection in plants. Am. Nat. 113: 777-790.
69. WILLSON, M. F., AND B. J. RATHCKE. 1974. Adaptive design of the floral display in Asclepias syriaca L. Am. Midl. Nat. 92:47-57.
70. WILSON, P., J. D. THOMSON, M. L. STANTON, AND L. P. RIGNEY. 1994. Beyond floral Batemania: gender biases in selection for pollination success. Am. Nat. 143:283-296.
71. WOLFRAM, S. 1994. Mathematica: the student book. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.
72. WYATT, R. 1982. Inflorescence architecture: how flower number, arrangement, and phenology affect pollination and fruit set. Am. J. Bot. 69:585-594.