Level of bonding to school and perception of the school environment by bullies, victims, and bully victims

Journal of Early Adolescence

Volumn 27, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 457-478

  Cunningham, Nancy J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LOUISVILLE   (United States)

Author keywords

Bully victims; Bullying and victimization; School attachment; School bonding; School commitment; School norms

Indexed keywords

EID: 35248854297     PISSN: 02724316     EISSN: 15525449     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0272431607302940     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Benard, B. (1991). Fostering resiliency in kids: Protective factors in the family, school, and community. Portland, OR: Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory.
2. Bernstein, J.Y., & Watson, M.W. (1997). Children who are targets of bullying. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 12 (4). 483-498.
3. Bond, L., Carlin, J.B., Thomas, L., Rubin, K., & Patton, G. (2001). Does bullying cause emotional problems? A prospective study of young teenagers. British Medical Journal, 323 (7311). 480-484.
4. Carney, A.G., & Merrell, K.W. (2001). Bullying in schools. School Psychology International, 22 (3). 364-382.
5. Catalano, R.F., Haggerty, K.P., Oesterle, S., Fleming, C.B., & Hawkins, J.D. (2004). The importance of bonding to school for healthy development: Findings from the Social Development Research Group. Journal of School Health, 74 (7). 252-261.
6. Catalano, R.F., & Hawkins, J.D. (1996). The social development model: A theory of antisocial behavior. In J. D. Hawkins (Ed.), Delinquency and crime: Current theories (pp. 149-197). New York: Cambridge University Press.
7. Catalano, R.F., & Kosterman, R. (1996). Modeling the etiology of substance abuse: A test of the social development model. Journal of Drug Issues, 26 (2). 429-455.
8. Elsea, M., & Rees, J. (2001). At what age are children likely to be bullied at school? Aggressive Behavior, 27, 419-429.
9. Espelage, D.L., & Swearer, S.M. (2003). Research on school bullying: What have we learned and where do we go from here? School Psychology Review, 32 (3). 365-383.
10. Farrington, D.P. (1991). Childhood aggression and adult violence: Early precursors and later life outcomes. In D. J. Peplar & K. H. Ruben (Eds.), The development and treatment of childhood aggression (pp. 5-29). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
11. Fox, C.L., & Boulton, M.J. (2005). The social skills problems of victims of bullying: Self, peer, and teacher perceptions. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 75, 313-328.
12. Griffin, R.S., & Gross, A.M. (2004). Childhood bullying: Current empirical findings and future directions for research. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 9 (4). 379-400.
13. Hawkins, J.D., Catalano, R.F., & Miller, J.Y. (1992). Risk and protective factors for alcohol and other drug problems in adolescence and early adulthood: Implications for substance abuse prevention. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 64-105.
14. Hawkins, J.D., Guo, J., Hill, K.G., Battin-Pearson, S., & Abbott, R.D. (2001). Long-term effects of the social development intervention on school bonding trajectories. Applied Developmental Science, 5 (4). 225-236.
15. Haynie, D.L., Nansel, T., Eitel, P., Crump, A.D., Saylor, K., Yu, K., et al. (2001). Bullies, victims, and bully victims: Distinct groups of at-risk youth. Journal of Early Adolescence, 21 (1). 29-50.
16. Herrenkohl, T.I., Hill, K.G., Chung, I., Guo, J., Abbott, R.D., & Hawkins, J.D. (2003). Protective factors against serious violent behavior in adolescence: A prospective study of aggressive children. Social Work Research, 27 (3). 179-191.
17. Juvonen, J., Graham, S., & Shuster, M.A. (2003). Bullying among young adolescents: The strong, the weak, and the troubled. Pediatrics, 112 (6). 1231-1237.
18. Kumpulainen, K., Rasanan, E., Henttonen, I., Almqvist, F., Kresanov, K., & Linna, S. (1998). Bullying and psychiatric symptoms among elementary-age children. Child Abuse and Neglect, 22, 705-717.
19. Ladd B., & Ladd, G.W. (2001). Variations in peer victimization: Relations to children's maladjustment. In J. Juvonen & S. Graham (Eds.), Peer harassment in school: The plight of the vulnerable and the victimized (pp. 25-48). New York: Guilford Press.
20. Lonczak, H.S., Abbott, R.D., Hawkins, J.D., Kosterman, R., & Catalano, R.F. (2002). Effects of the Seattle Social Development Project on sexual behavior, pregnancy, birth, and sexually transmitted disease outcomes. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 156 (5). 438-447.
21. Ma, X. (2001). Bullying and being bullied: To what extent are bullies also victims? American Educational Research Journal, 38 (2). 351-370.
22. Ma, X. (2002). Bullying in middle school: Individual and school characteristics of victims and offenders. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 13 (1). 63-89.
23. McConnell, S.R., & Odom, S.L. (1986). Sociometrics: Peer-referenced measures and the assessment of social competence. In P. S. Strain, M. J. Guralnic, & H. Walker (Eds.), Children's social behavior: Development, assessment, and modification (pp. 215-285). New York: Academic Press.
24. McNeely, C., & Falci, C. (2004). School connectedness and the transition into and out of health-risk behavior among adolescents: A comparison of social belonging and teacher support. Journal of School Health, 74 (7). 284-292.
25. Nansel, T., Overpeck, M., Pilla, R., Ruan, W., Simons-Morton, B., & Scheidt, P. (2001). Bullying behavior among U.S. youth: Prevalence and association with psychosocial adjustment. Journal of the American Medical Association, 285 (16). 2094-2100.
26. Ojala, K., & Nesdale, D. (2004). Bullying and social identity: The effects of group norms and distinctiveness threat on attitudes towards bullying. Journal of Developmental Psychology, 22, 19-35.
27. Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at school: What we know and what we can do. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.
28. Olweus, D. (1994). Bullying at school: Long-term outcomes for the victims and an effective school-based intervention program. In L. R. Huesman (Ed.), Aggressive behavior: Current perspectives (pp. 97-130). New York: Plenum.
29. Olweus, D. (2003). A profile of bullying at school. Educational Leadership, 60 (6). 12-17.
30. Pellegrini, A.D. (2001). A longitudinal study of heterosexual relationships, aggression, and sexual harassment during the transition from primary school through middle school. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 22, 9-15.
31. Pellegrini, A.D. (2002). Bullying, victimization, and sexual harassment during the transition to middle school. Educational Psychologist, 37 (3). 151-163.
32. Pellegrini, A.D., & Bartini, M. (2000). A longitudinal study of bullying, victimization, and peer affiliation during the transition from primary school to middle school. American Educational Research Journal, 37 (3). 699-725.
33. Pellegrini, A.D., Bartini, M., & Brooks, F. (1999). School bullies, victims, and aggressive victims: Factors relating to group affiliation and victimization in early adolescence. Journal of Educational Psychology, 91 (2). 216-224.
34. Rigby, K. (2001). Health consequences of bullying and prevention in schools. In J. Juvonen & S. Graham (Eds.), Peer harassment in schools: The plight of the vulnerable and victimized (pp. 249-262). New York: Guilford Press.
35. Rodkin, P.C., Pearl, R., & Van Acker, R. (2003). They're cool: Ethnic and peer group supports for aggressive boys and girls. In A. Rose & A. H. N. Cillessen (Chairs), New perspectives on peer status: Advances in the study of perceived popularity. Symposium conducted at the meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Tampa, FL.
36. Salmivalli, C., Lagerspetz, K., Bjrkqvist, K., sterman, K., & Kaukiainen, A. (1996). Bullying as a group process: Participant roles and their relations to social status within the group. Aggressive Behavior, 22, 1-15.
37. Salmivalli, C., & Nieminen, E. (2002). Proactive and reactive aggression among school bullies, victims, and bully-victims. Aggressive Behavior, 28, 30-44.
38. Salmivalli, C., & Voeten, M. (2004). Connections between attitudes, group norms, and behaviour in bullying situations. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 28 (3). 246-258.
39. Schfer, M., Korn, S., Brodbeck, F.C., Wolke, D., & Schulz, H. (2005). Bullying roles in changing contexts: The stability of victim and bully roles from primary to secondary school. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 29 (4). 323-335.
40. Seals, D., & Young, J. (2003). Bullying and victimization: Prevalence and relationship to gender, grade level, ethnicity, self-esteem, and depression. Adolescence, 38 (152). 735-747.
41. Sutton, J., & Smith, P.K. (1999). Bullying as a group process: An adaptation of the participant role approach. Aggressive Behavior, 25, 97-111.
42. Swearer, S., & Doll, B. (2001). Bullying in schools: An ecological framework. In R. A. Geffner, M. Loring, & C. Young (Eds.), Bullying behavior: Current issues, research, and interventions. New York: Haworth.
43. Vossekuil, B., Fein, R.A., Reddy, M., Borum, R., & Modzeleski, W. (2002). The final report and findings of the safe school initiative: Implications for the prevention of school attacks in the United States. Washington, DC: U.S. Secret Service and U.S. Department of Education.
44. Vossekuil, B., Fein, R.A., Reddy, M., Borum, R., & Modzeleski, W. (2000). U.S.S.S. Safe School Initiative: An interim report on the prevention of targeted violence in schools. Washington, DC: U.S. Secret Service, National Threat Assessment Center.
45. Williams, K., Chambers, M., Logan, S., & Robinson, D. (1996). Association of common health symptoms with bullying in primary school children. British Medical Journal, 313, 17-19.
46. Wolke, D., Woods, S., Bloomfield, L., & Karstadt, L. (2001). Bullying involvement in primary school and common health problems. Archives of Diseases in Childhood, 85, 197-201.