메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 30, Issue 10, 2007, Pages 2708-2715

Retinal vascular changes in pre-diabetes and prehypertension: New findings and their research and clinical implications

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETIC NEUROPATHY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; EYE PHOTOGRAPHY; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTENSION RETINOPATHY; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; RETINA BLOOD VESSEL OCCLUSION; REVIEW;

EID: 35148869092     PISSN: 01495992     EISSN: 01495992     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2337/dc07-0732     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (219)

References (117)
  • 1
    • 0041358796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema: Pathophysiology, screening, and novel therapies
    • Ciulla TA, Amador AG, Zinman B: Diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema: pathophysiology, screening, and novel therapies. Diabetes Care 26:2653-2664, 2003
    • (2003) Diabetes Care , vol.26 , pp. 2653-2664
    • Ciulla, T.A.1    Amador, A.G.2    Zinman, B.3
  • 3
    • 0023736201 scopus 로고
    • Glycosylated hemoglobin predicts the incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy
    • Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, Davis MD, DeMets DL: Glycosylated hemoglobin predicts the incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy. JAMA 260:2864-2871, 1988
    • (1988) JAMA , vol.260 , pp. 2864-2871
    • Klein, R.1    Klein, B.E.2    Moss, S.E.3    Davis, M.D.4    DeMets, D.L.5
  • 4
    • 0027370108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. N Engl J Med 329:977-986, 1993
    • The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. N Engl J Med 329:977-986, 1993
  • 5
    • 0032511583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33)
    • The UK Propsective Diabetes Study Group
    • The UK Propsective Diabetes Study Group: Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet 352:837-853, 1998
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 837-853
  • 6
    • 0032511580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38
    • The UK Propsective Diabetes Study Group
    • The UK Propsective Diabetes Study Group: Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38. BMJ 317:703-713, 1998
    • (1998) BMJ , vol.317 , pp. 703-713
  • 8
    • 9244261055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypertensive retinopathy
    • Wong TY, Mitchell P: Hypertensive retinopathy. N Engl J Med 351:2310-2317, 2004
    • (2004) N Engl J Med , vol.351 , pp. 2310-2317
    • Wong, T.Y.1    Mitchell, P.2
  • 9
    • 33846669377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The eye in hypertension
    • Wong T, Mitchell P: The eye in hypertension. Lancet 369:425-435, 2007
    • (2007) Lancet , vol.369 , pp. 425-435
    • Wong, T.1    Mitchell, P.2
  • 11
    • 0029029175 scopus 로고
    • Hypertensive retinopathy in Afro-Caribbeans and Europeans: Prevalence and risk factor relationships
    • Sharp PS, Chaturvedi N, Wormald R, McKeigue PM, Marmot MG, Young SM: Hypertensive retinopathy in Afro-Caribbeans and Europeans: prevalence and risk factor relationships. Hypertension 25:1322-1325, 1995
    • (1995) Hypertension , vol.25 , pp. 1322-1325
    • Sharp, P.S.1    Chaturvedi, N.2    Wormald, R.3    McKeigue, P.M.4    Marmot, M.G.5    Young, S.M.6
  • 12
    • 0141928115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypertensive retinal vessel wall signs in a general older population: The Blue Mountains Eye Study
    • Wang JJ, Mitchell P, Leung H, Rochtchina E, Wong TY, Klein R: Hypertensive retinal vessel wall signs in a general older population: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Hypertension 42:534-541, 2003
    • (2003) Hypertension , vol.42 , pp. 534-541
    • Wang, J.J.1    Mitchell, P.2    Leung, H.3    Rochtchina, E.4    Wong, T.Y.5    Klein, R.6
  • 13
    • 0031909696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retinopathy in older persons without diabetes and its relationship to hypertension
    • Yu T, Mitchell P, Berry G, Li W, Wang JJ: Retinopathy in older persons without diabetes and its relationship to hypertension. Arch Ophthalmol 116:83-89, 1998
    • (1998) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.116 , pp. 83-89
    • Yu, T.1    Mitchell, P.2    Berry, G.3    Li, W.4    Wang, J.J.5
  • 15
    • 0027976548 scopus 로고
    • Hypertension and retinopathy, arteriolar narrowing, and arteriovenous nicking in a population
    • Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, Wang Q: Hypertension and retinopathy, arteriolar narrowing, and arteriovenous nicking in a population. Arch Ophthalmol 112:92-98, 1994
    • (1994) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.112 , pp. 92-98
    • Klein, R.1    Klein, B.E.2    Moss, S.E.3    Wang, Q.4
  • 16
    • 0030670086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relation of systemic hypertension to changes in the retinal vasculature: The Beaver Dam Eye Study
    • Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE: The relation of systemic hypertension to changes in the retinal vasculature: the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 95:329-348, 1997
    • (1997) Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc , vol.95 , pp. 329-348
    • Klein, R.1    Klein, B.E.2    Moss, S.E.3
  • 19
    • 0036724541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypertensive retinopathy and incident coronary heart disease in high risk men
    • Duncan BB, Wong TY, Tyroler HA, Davis CE, Fuchs FD: Hypertensive retinopathy and incident coronary heart disease in high risk men. Br J Ophthalmol 86:1002-1006, 2002
    • (2002) Br J Ophthalmol , vol.86 , pp. 1002-1006
    • Duncan, B.B.1    Wong, T.Y.2    Tyroler, H.A.3    Davis, C.E.4    Fuchs, F.D.5
  • 22
    • 0033503919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methods for evaluation of retinal microvascular abnormalities associated with hypertension/sclerosis in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
    • Hubbard LD, Brothers RJ, King WN, Clegg LX, Klein R, Cooper LS, Sharrett AR, Davis MD, Cai J: Methods for evaluation of retinal microvascular abnormalities associated with hypertension/sclerosis in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Ophthalmology 106:2269-2280, 1999
    • (1999) Ophthalmology , vol.106 , pp. 2269-2280
    • Hubbard, L.D.1    Brothers, R.J.2    King, W.N.3    Clegg, L.X.4    Klein, R.5    Cooper, L.S.6    Sharrett, A.R.7    Davis, M.D.8    Cai, J.9
  • 25
    • 0036141656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliability of retinal photography in the assessment of retinal microvascular characteristics: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
    • Couper DJ, Klein R, Hubbard LD, Wong TY, Sorlie PD, Cooper LS, Brothers RJ, Nieto FJ: Reliability of retinal photography in the assessment of retinal microvascular characteristics: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Am J Ophthalmol 133:78-88, 2002
    • (2002) Am J Ophthalmol , vol.133 , pp. 78-88
    • Couper, D.J.1    Klein, R.2    Hubbard, L.D.3    Wong, T.Y.4    Sorlie, P.D.5    Cooper, L.S.6    Brothers, R.J.7    Nieto, F.J.8
  • 28
    • 2942612300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computer-assisted measurement of retinal vessel diameters in the Beaver Dam Eye Study: Methodology, correlation between eyes, and effect of refractive errors
    • Wong TY, Knudtson MD, Klein R, Klein BE, Meuer SM, Hubbard LD: Computer-assisted measurement of retinal vessel diameters in the Beaver Dam Eye Study: methodology, correlation between eyes, and effect of refractive errors. Ophthalmology 111:1183-1190, 2004
    • (2004) Ophthalmology , vol.111 , pp. 1183-1190
    • Wong, T.Y.1    Knudtson, M.D.2    Klein, R.3    Klein, B.E.4    Meuer, S.M.5    Hubbard, L.D.6
  • 29
    • 0002416775 scopus 로고
    • Classification of retinal lesions in the presence of vascular hypertension: Report submitted to the American Ophthalmological Society by the committee on Classification of Hypertensive Disease of the Retina
    • Wagener HP, Clay GE, Gipner JF: Classification of retinal lesions in the presence of vascular hypertension: report submitted to the American Ophthalmological Society by the committee on Classification of Hypertensive Disease of the Retina. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 45:57-73, 1947
    • (1947) Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc , vol.45 , pp. 57-73
    • Wagener, H.P.1    Clay, G.E.2    Gipner, J.F.3
  • 30
    • 0016250414 scopus 로고
    • General caliber of the retinal arteries expressed as the equivalent width of the central retinal artery
    • Parr JC, Spears GF: General caliber of the retinal arteries expressed as the equivalent width of the central retinal artery. Am J Ophthalmol 77:472-477, 1974
    • (1974) Am J Ophthalmol , vol.77 , pp. 472-477
    • Parr, J.C.1    Spears, G.F.2
  • 31
    • 0016157279 scopus 로고
    • Mathematic relationships between the width of a retinal artery and the widths of its branches
    • Parr JC, Spears GF: Mathematic relationships between the width of a retinal artery and the widths of its branches. Am J Ophthalmol 77:478-483, 1974
    • (1974) Am J Ophthalmol , vol.77 , pp. 478-483
    • Parr, J.C.1    Spears, G.F.2
  • 35
    • 0037029148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retinal arteriolar narrowing and risk of coronary heart disease in men and women: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
    • Wong TY, Klein R, Sharrett AR, Duncan BB, Couper DJ, Tielsch JM, Klein BE, Hubbard LD: Retinal arteriolar narrowing and risk of coronary heart disease in men and women: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. JAMA 287:1153-1159, 2002
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.287 , pp. 1153-1159
    • Wong, T.Y.1    Klein, R.2    Sharrett, A.R.3    Duncan, B.B.4    Couper, D.J.5    Tielsch, J.M.6    Klein, B.E.7    Hubbard, L.D.8
  • 36
    • 33645960165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asymmetry of retinal arteriolar branch widths at junctions affects ability of formulae to predict trunk arteriolar widths
    • Patton N, Aslam T, Macgillivray T, Dhillon B, Constable I: Asymmetry of retinal arteriolar branch widths at junctions affects ability of formulae to predict trunk arteriolar widths. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 47:1329-1333, 2006
    • (2006) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.47 , pp. 1329-1333
    • Patton, N.1    Aslam, T.2    Macgillivray, T.3    Dhillon, B.4    Constable, I.5
  • 39
    • 33748174687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are narrower or wider retinal venules associated with incident hypertension?
    • Liew G, Wong TY, Mitchell P, Wang JJ: Are narrower or wider retinal venules associated with incident hypertension? Hypertension 48:e10, 2006
    • (2006) Hypertension , vol.48
    • Liew, G.1    Wong, T.Y.2    Mitchell, P.3    Wang, J.J.4
  • 42
    • 0018072441 scopus 로고
    • Hypertensive eye ground changes: Prevalence, relation to blood pressure and prognostic importance: the study of men born in 1913
    • Svardsudd K, Wedel H, Aurell E, Tibblin G: Hypertensive eye ground changes: prevalence, relation to blood pressure and prognostic importance: the study of men born in 1913. Acta Med Scand 204: 159-167, 1978
    • (1978) Acta Med Scand , vol.204 , pp. 159-167
    • Svardsudd, K.1    Wedel, H.2    Aurell, E.3    Tibblin, G.4
  • 43
    • 75949146619 scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure and hypertensive disease among negroes and whites: A study in Evans County, Georgia
    • McDonough JR, Garrison GE, Hames CG: Blood pressure and hypertensive disease among negroes and whites: a study in Evans County, Georgia. Ann Intern Med 61:208-228, 1964
    • (1964) Ann Intern Med , vol.61 , pp. 208-228
    • McDonough, J.R.1    Garrison, G.E.2    Hames, C.G.3
  • 45
    • 33750722398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Five-year incidence and progression of vascular retinopathy in persons without diabetes: The Blue Mountains Eye Study
    • Cugati S, Cikamatana L, Wang JJ, Kifley A, Liew G, Mitchell P: Five-year incidence and progression of vascular retinopathy in persons without diabetes: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Eye 20:1239-1245, 2006
    • (2006) Eye , vol.20 , pp. 1239-1245
    • Cugati, S.1    Cikamatana, L.2    Wang, J.J.3    Kifley, A.4    Liew, G.5    Mitchell, P.6
  • 46
    • 29244470796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retinopathy in persons with impaired glucose metabolism: The Australian Diabetes Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) study
    • Wong TY, Barr EL, Tapp RJ, Harper CA, Taylor HR, Zimmet PZ, Shaw JE: Retinopathy in persons with impaired glucose metabolism: the Australian Diabetes Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) study. Am J Ophthalmol 140:1157-1159, 2005
    • (2005) Am J Ophthalmol , vol.140 , pp. 1157-1159
    • Wong, T.Y.1    Barr, E.L.2    Tapp, R.J.3    Harper, C.A.4    Taylor, H.R.5    Zimmet, P.Z.6    Shaw, J.E.7
  • 47
    • 33846626478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of retinopathy in impaired glucose tolerance and recent-onset diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Program. Diabet Med 24:137-144, 2007
    • The prevalence of retinopathy in impaired glucose tolerance and recent-onset diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Program. Diabet Med 24:137-144, 2007
  • 54
    • 11944263528 scopus 로고
    • Onset of NIDDM occurs at least 4-7 yr before clinical diagnosis
    • Harris MI, Klein R, Welborn TA, Knuiman MW: Onset of NIDDM occurs at least 4-7 yr before clinical diagnosis. Diabetes Care 15:815-819, 1992
    • (1992) Diabetes Care , vol.15 , pp. 815-819
    • Harris, M.I.1    Klein, R.2    Welborn, T.A.3    Knuiman, M.W.4
  • 55
    • 33745664786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do retinopathy signs in non-diabetic individuals predict the subsequent risk of diabetes?
    • Cugati S, Mitchell P, Wang JJ: Do retinopathy signs in non-diabetic individuals predict the subsequent risk of diabetes? Br J Ophthalmol 90:928-929, 2006
    • (2006) Br J Ophthalmol , vol.90 , pp. 928-929
    • Cugati, S.1    Mitchell, P.2    Wang, J.J.3
  • 56
    • 33644652509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do retinopathy signs in non-diabetic individuals predict the subsequent risk of diabetes?
    • Wong TY, Mohamed Q, Klein R, Couper DJ: Do retinopathy signs in non-diabetic individuals predict the subsequent risk of diabetes? Br J Ophthalmol 90:301-303, 2006
    • (2006) Br J Ophthalmol , vol.90 , pp. 301-303
    • Wong, T.Y.1    Mohamed, Q.2    Klein, R.3    Couper, D.J.4
  • 57
    • 33947709971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship of retinopathy in persons without diabetes to the 15-year incidence of diabetes and hypertension: Beaver Dam Eye Study
    • Klein R, Klein BEK, Mos SE, Wong TY: The relationship of retinopathy in persons without diabetes to the 15-year incidence of diabetes and hypertension: Beaver Dam Eye Study. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 104:98-107, 2006
    • (2006) Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc , vol.104 , pp. 98-107
    • Klein, R.1    Klein, B.E.K.2    Mos, S.E.3    Wong, T.Y.4
  • 61
    • 22844439519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations between retinal microvascular abnormalities and declining renal function in the elderly population: The Cardiovascular Health Study
    • Edwards MS, Wilson DB, Craven TE, Stafford J, Fried LF, Wong TY, Klein R, Burke GL, Hansen KJ: Associations between retinal microvascular abnormalities and declining renal function in the elderly population: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Am J Kidney Dis 46:214-224, 2005
    • (2005) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.46 , pp. 214-224
    • Edwards, M.S.1    Wilson, D.B.2    Craven, T.E.3    Stafford, J.4    Fried, L.F.5    Wong, T.Y.6    Klein, R.7    Burke, G.L.8    Hansen, K.J.9
  • 62
    • 3342993183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of carotid intima-media thickness and arterial stiffness with diabetic retinopathy: The Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES-2)
    • Rema M, Mohan V, Deepa R, Ravikumar R: Association of carotid intima-media thickness and arterial stiffness with diabetic retinopathy: the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES-2). Diabetes Care 27:1962-1967, 2004
    • (2004) Diabetes Care , vol.27 , pp. 1962-1967
    • Rema, M.1    Mohan, V.2    Deepa, R.3    Ravikumar, R.4
  • 65
    • 18344394857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retinal arteriolar narrowing, hypertension, and subsequent risk of diabetes mellitus
    • Wong TY, Shankar A, Klein R, Klein BE, Hubbard LD: Retinal arteriolar narrowing, hypertension, and subsequent risk of diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med 165:1060-1065, 2005
    • (2005) Arch Intern Med , vol.165 , pp. 1060-1065
    • Wong, T.Y.1    Shankar, A.2    Klein, R.3    Klein, B.E.4    Hubbard, L.D.5
  • 70
    • 33747877441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retinal vascular caliber in persons with type 2 diabetes: The Wisconsin Epidemiological Study of Diabetic Retinopathy: XX
    • Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, Wong TY, Sharrett AR: Retinal vascular caliber in persons with type 2 diabetes: the Wisconsin Epidemiological Study of Diabetic Retinopathy: XX. Ophthalmology 113:1488-1498, 2006
    • (2006) Ophthalmology , vol.113 , pp. 1488-1498
    • Klein, R.1    Klein, B.E.2    Moss, S.E.3    Wong, T.Y.4    Sharrett, A.R.5
  • 71
    • 0242380839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retinal vascular abnormalities in persons with type 1 diabetes: The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy: XVIII
    • Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, Wong TY, Hubbard L, Cruickshanks KJ, Palta M: Retinal vascular abnormalities in persons with type 1 diabetes: the Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy: XVIII. Ophthalmology 110:2118-2125, 2003
    • (2003) Ophthalmology , vol.110 , pp. 2118-2125
    • Klein, R.1    Klein, B.E.2    Moss, S.E.3    Wong, T.Y.4    Hubbard, L.5    Cruickshanks, K.J.6    Palta, M.7
  • 72
    • 0347990599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retinal vessel diameters and the incidence of gross proteinuria and renal insufficiency in people with type 1 diabetes
    • Wong TY, Shankar A, Klein R, Klein BE: Retinal vessel diameters and the incidence of gross proteinuria and renal insufficiency in people with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 53:179-184, 2004
    • (2004) Diabetes , vol.53 , pp. 179-184
    • Wong, T.Y.1    Shankar, A.2    Klein, R.3    Klein, B.E.4
  • 73
    • 0026548652 scopus 로고
    • Total retinal volumetric blood flow rate in diabetic patients with poor glycemic control
    • Grunwald JE, Riva CE, Baine J, Brucker AJ: Total retinal volumetric blood flow rate in diabetic patients with poor glycemic control. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 33:356-363, 1992
    • (1992) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.33 , pp. 356-363
    • Grunwald, J.E.1    Riva, C.E.2    Baine, J.3    Brucker, A.J.4
  • 75
    • 19944419117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic and vascular abnormalities in subjects at risk for type 2 diabetes: The early start of a dangerous situation
    • Caballero AE: Metabolic and vascular abnormalities in subjects at risk for type 2 diabetes: the early start of a dangerous situation. Arch Med Res 36:241-249, 2005
    • (2005) Arch Med Res , vol.36 , pp. 241-249
    • Caballero, A.E.1
  • 76
    • 30344460652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are inflammatory factors related to retinal vessel caliber? The Beaver Dam Eye Study
    • Klein R, Klein BE, Knudtson MD, Wong TY, Tsai MY: Are inflammatory factors related to retinal vessel caliber? The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Arch Ophthalmol 124:87-94, 2006
    • (2006) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.124 , pp. 87-94
    • Klein, R.1    Klein, B.E.2    Knudtson, M.D.3    Wong, T.Y.4    Tsai, M.Y.5
  • 77
  • 79
    • 4644243612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vasoactive factors and diabetic retinopathy: Vascular endothelial growth factor, cycoloxygenase-2 and nitric oxide
    • Wilkinson-Berka JL: Vasoactive factors and diabetic retinopathy: vascular endothelial growth factor, cycoloxygenase-2 and nitric oxide. Curr Pharm Des 10:3331-3348, 2004
    • (2004) Curr Pharm Des , vol.10 , pp. 3331-3348
    • Wilkinson-Berka, J.L.1
  • 82
    • 0043092304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperglycemia induced by glucose infusion causes hepatic oxidative stress and systemic inflammation, but not STAT3 or MAP kinase activation in liver in rats
    • Ling PR, Mueller C, Smith RJ, Bistrian BR: Hyperglycemia induced by glucose infusion causes hepatic oxidative stress and systemic inflammation, but not STAT3 or MAP kinase activation in liver in rats. Metabolism 52:868-874, 2003
    • (2003) Metabolism , vol.52 , pp. 868-874
    • Ling, P.R.1    Mueller, C.2    Smith, R.J.3    Bistrian, B.R.4
  • 83
    • 33747827858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retinal vascular manifestations of metabolic disorders
    • Nguyen TT, Wong TY: Retinal vascular manifestations of metabolic disorders. Trends Endocrinol Metab 17:262-268, 2006
    • (2006) Trends Endocrinol Metab , vol.17 , pp. 262-268
    • Nguyen, T.T.1    Wong, T.Y.2
  • 84
    • 0019906496 scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of hypertensive retinopathy
    • Tso MO, Jampol LM: Pathophysiology of hypertensive retinopathy. Ophthalmology 89:1132-1145, 1982
    • (1982) Ophthalmology , vol.89 , pp. 1132-1145
    • Tso, M.O.1    Jampol, L.M.2
  • 85
    • 0019926914 scopus 로고
    • Hypertensive retinopathy: Description, classification, and prognosis
    • Walsh JB: Hypertensive retinopathy: description, classification, and prognosis. Ophthalmology 89:1127-1131, 1982
    • (1982) Ophthalmology , vol.89 , pp. 1127-1131
    • Walsh, J.B.1
  • 86
    • 3843076319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of current and past blood pressure on retinal arteriolar diameter in an older population
    • Leung H, Wang JJ, Rochtchina E, Wong TY, Klein R, Mitchell P: Impact of current and past blood pressure on retinal arteriolar diameter in an older population. J Hypertens 22:1543-1549, 2004
    • (2004) J Hypertens , vol.22 , pp. 1543-1549
    • Leung, H.1    Wang, J.J.2    Rochtchina, E.3    Wong, T.Y.4    Klein, R.5    Mitchell, P.6
  • 88
    • 3142557899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective cohort study of retinal vessel diameters and risk of hypertension
    • Wong TY, Shankar A, Klein R, Klein BE, Hubbard LD: Prospective cohort study of retinal vessel diameters and risk of hypertension. BMJ 329:79, 2004
    • (2004) BMJ , vol.329 , pp. 79
    • Wong, T.Y.1    Shankar, A.2    Klein, R.3    Klein, B.E.4    Hubbard, L.D.5
  • 89
    • 4644305195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retinal arteriolar narrowing is associated with 5-year incident severe hypertension: The Blue Mountains Eye Study
    • Smith W, Wang JJ, Wong TY, Rochtchina E, Klein R, Leeder SR, Mitchell P: Retinal arteriolar narrowing is associated with 5-year incident severe hypertension: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Hypertension 44:442-447, 2004
    • (2004) Hypertension , vol.44 , pp. 442-447
    • Smith, W.1    Wang, J.J.2    Wong, T.Y.3    Rochtchina, E.4    Klein, R.5    Leeder, S.R.6    Mitchell, P.7
  • 91
    • 0025866122 scopus 로고
    • Are vascular abnormalities a primary cause or secondary consequence of hypertension?
    • Mulvany MJ: Are vascular abnormalities a primary cause or secondary consequence of hypertension? Hypertension 18:I52-I57, 1991
    • (1991) Hypertension , vol.18
    • Mulvany, M.J.1
  • 92
    • 33645834302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome-wide linkage study of retinal vessel diameters in the Beaver Dam Eye Study
    • Xing C, Klein BE, Klein R, Jun G, Lee KE, Iyengar SK: Genome-wide linkage study of retinal vessel diameters in the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Hypertension 47:797-802, 2006
    • (2006) Hypertension , vol.47 , pp. 797-802
    • Xing, C.1    Klein, B.E.2    Klein, R.3    Jun, G.4    Lee, K.E.5    Iyengar, S.K.6
  • 93
    • 33645838828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic determinants of retinal vascular caliber: Additional insights into hypertension pathogenesis
    • Wang JJ, Wong TY: Genetic determinants of retinal vascular caliber: additional insights into hypertension pathogenesis. Hypertension 47:644-645,2006
    • (2006) Hypertension , vol.47 , pp. 644-645
    • Wang, J.J.1    Wong, T.Y.2
  • 94
    • 2442614070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pediatric antecedents of adult cardiovascular disease-awareness and intervention
    • Ingelfinger JR: Pediatric antecedents of adult cardiovascular disease-awareness and intervention. N Engl J Med 350:2123-2126, 2004
    • (2004) N Engl J Med , vol.350 , pp. 2123-2126
    • Ingelfinger, J.R.1
  • 95
    • 0024542325 scopus 로고
    • Growth in utero, blood pressure in childhood and adult life, and mortality from cardiovascular disease
    • Barker DJ, Osmond C, Golding J, Kuh D, Wadsworth ME: Growth in utero, blood pressure in childhood and adult life, and mortality from cardiovascular disease. BMJ 298:564-567, 1989
    • (1989) BMJ , vol.298 , pp. 564-567
    • Barker, D.J.1    Osmond, C.2    Golding, J.3    Kuh, D.4    Wadsworth, M.E.5
  • 100
    • 0029844334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arteriolar length-diameter (L:D) ratio: A geometric parameter of the retinal vasculature diagnostic of hypertension
    • King LA, Stanton AV, Sever PS, Thom SA, Hughes AD: Arteriolar length-diameter (L:D) ratio: a geometric parameter of the retinal vasculature diagnostic of hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 10:417-418,1996
    • (1996) J Hum Hypertens , vol.10 , pp. 417-418
    • King, L.A.1    Stanton, A.V.2    Sever, P.S.3    Thom, S.A.4    Hughes, A.D.5
  • 104
    • 29544452318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relation of fasting and 2-h postchallenge plasma glucose concentrations to mortality: Data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging with a critical review of the literature
    • Sorkin JD, Muller DC, Fleg JL, Andres R: The relation of fasting and 2-h postchallenge plasma glucose concentrations to mortality: data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging with a critical review of the literature. Diabetes Care 28:2626-2632, 2005
    • (2005) Diabetes Care , vol.28 , pp. 2626-2632
    • Sorkin, J.D.1    Muller, D.C.2    Fleg, J.L.3    Andres, R.4
  • 105
    • 33644873730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation between blood glucose and coronary mortality over 33 years in the Whitehall Study
    • Brunner EJ, Shipley MJ, Witte DR, Fuller JH, Marmot MG: Relation between blood glucose and coronary mortality over 33 years in the Whitehall Study. Diabetes Care 29:26-31, 2006
    • (2006) Diabetes Care , vol.29 , pp. 26-31
    • Brunner, E.J.1    Shipley, M.J.2    Witte, D.R.3    Fuller, J.H.4    Marmot, M.G.5
  • 106
    • 35148870707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose tolerance and mortality: comparison of WHO and American Diabetes Association diagnostic criteria: the DECODE study group: European Diabetes Epidemiology Group: Diabetes Epidemiology: Collaborative analysis Of Diagnostic criteria in Europe. Lancet 354:617-621, 1999
    • Glucose tolerance and mortality: comparison of WHO and American Diabetes Association diagnostic criteria: the DECODE study group: European Diabetes Epidemiology Group: Diabetes Epidemiology: Collaborative analysis Of Diagnostic criteria in Europe. Lancet 354:617-621, 1999
  • 107
    • 33846818669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence and predictors of hypertension over 8 years among Chinese men and women
    • Gu D, Wildman RP, Wu X, Reynolds K, Huang J, Chen CS, He J: Incidence and predictors of hypertension over 8 years among Chinese men and women. J Hypertens 25:517-523, 2007
    • (2007) J Hypertens , vol.25 , pp. 517-523
    • Gu, D.1    Wildman, R.P.2    Wu, X.3    Reynolds, K.4    Huang, J.5    Chen, C.S.6    He, J.7
  • 110
    • 34047259832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution and associations of retinal vascular caliber with ethnicity, gender, and birth parameters in young children
    • Cheung N, Islam FM, Saw SM, Shankar A, de Haseth K, Mitchell P, Wong TY: Distribution and associations of retinal vascular caliber with ethnicity, gender, and birth parameters in young children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 48:1018-1024, 2007
    • (2007) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.48 , pp. 1018-1024
    • Cheung, N.1    Islam, F.M.2    Saw, S.M.3    Shankar, A.4    de Haseth, K.5    Mitchell, P.6    Wong, T.Y.7
  • 112
    • 33749576365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Familial retinal arterial tortuosity associated with tortuosity in nail bed capillaries
    • Gekeler F, Shinoda K, Junger M, Bartz-Schmidt KU, Gelisken F: Familial retinal arterial tortuosity associated with tortuosity in nail bed capillaries. Arch Ophthalmol 124:1492-1494, 2006
    • (2006) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.124 , pp. 1492-1494
    • Gekeler, F.1    Shinoda, K.2    Junger, M.3    Bartz-Schmidt, K.U.4    Gelisken, F.5
  • 113
    • 33646383373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of retinal vascular changes in hypertension: New perspectives
    • Muiesan ML, Grassi G: Assessment of retinal vascular changes in hypertension: new perspectives. J Hypertens 24:813-814, 2006
    • (2006) J Hypertens , vol.24 , pp. 813-814
    • Muiesan, M.L.1    Grassi, G.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.