Retinal vascular manifestations of metabolic disorders

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism

Volumn 17, Issue 7, 2006, Pages 262-268

  Nguyen, Thanh T ^a   Wong, Tien Y ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

^b NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE   (Singapore)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTILIPEMIC AGENT; FENOFIBRATE; GLUCOSE; INSULIN;

ARTERIOLE; ARTERY CONSTRICTION; BLOOD VESSEL FUNCTION; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CLINICAL TRIAL; DIABETIC RETINOPATHY; DIGITAL IMAGING; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISORDERS OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM; DYSLIPIDEMIA; ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION; EXUDATE; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTENSION RETINOPATHY; INFLAMMATION; MEDICAL DOCUMENTATION; MEDICAL PHOTOGRAPHY; METABOLIC DISORDER; MICROANGIOPATHY; MORTALITY; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; NONHUMAN; OBESITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETINA BLOOD FLOW; RETINA BLOOD VESSEL; RETINA BLOOD VESSEL OCCLUSION; RETINA MACULA EDEMA; RETINOPATHY; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; STROKE; TISSUE STRUCTURE; VASCULAR LESION; VEIN DILATATION;

ANIMALS; DIABETES MELLITUS; DYSLIPIDEMIAS; GLUCOSE; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; METABOLIC DISEASES; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; OBESITY; RETINAL VESSELS;

EID: 33747827858     PISSN: 10432760     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2006.07.006     Document Type: Review

References (80)

1. Congdon N.G., et al. Important causes of visual impairment in the world today. JAMA. 290 (2003) 2057-2060
2. Wong, T.Y. and Klein, R. The epidemiology of eye diseases in diabetes. In The Epidemiology of Diabetes Mellitus. An International Perspective (Ekoe, J.M. et al., eds), John Wiley & Sons (in press)
3. Wilkinson C.P., et al. Proposed international clinical diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema disease severity scales. Ophthalmology 110 (2003) 1677-1682
4. Klein R., et al. The Wisconsin epidemiologic study of diabetic retinopathy. II. Prevalence and risk of diabetic retinopathy when age at diagnosis is less than 30 years. Arch. Ophthalmol. 102 (1984) 520-526
5. Klein R., et al. Glycosylated hemoglobin predicts the incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy. JAMA. 260 (1988) 2864-2871
6. (1993) The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. N. Engl. J. Med. 329, 977-986
7. The UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet 352 (1998) 837-853
8. The UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38. BMJ 317 (1998) 703-713
9. Keech A., et al. Effects of long-term fenofibrate therapy on cardiovascular events in 9795 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the FIELD study): randomised controlled trial. Lancet 366 (2005) 1849-1861
10. Klein R., et al. Epidemiology of proliferative diabetic-retinopathy. Diabetes Care 15 (1992) 1875-1891
11. Moss S.E., et al. Retinal vascular changes and 20-year incidence of lower extremity amputations in a cohort with diabetes. Arch. Intern. Med. 163 (2003) 2505-2510
12. Wong T.Y., et al. Retinopathy and risk of congestive heart failure. JAMA. 293 (2005) 63-69
13. Wong T.Y., et al. Retinal microvascular abnormalities and renal dysfunction: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 15 (2004) 2469-2476
14. Edwards M.S., et al. Associations between retinal microvascular abnormalities and declining renal function in the elderly population: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 46 (2005) 214-224
15. Klein R., et al. The relation of retinal vessel caliber to the incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy: XIX: the Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. Arch. Ophthalmol. 122 (2004) 76-83
16. Wong T.Y., et al. Retinal vessel diameters and the incidence of gross proteinuria and renal insufficiency in people with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 53 (2004) 179-184
17. Wong T.Y., et al. Retinal vascular caliber, cardiovascular risk factors, and inflammation: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA). Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 47 (2006) 2341-2350
18. Wong T.Y., et al. Associations between the metabolic syndrome and retinal microvascular signs: the Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities study. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 45 (2004) 2949-2954
19. Wang J.J., et al. Retinal vessel diameters and obesity: a population-based study in older persons. Obesity (Silver Spring) 14 (2006) 206-214
20. Ikram M.K., et al. Retinal vessel diameters and risk of impaired fasting glucose or diabetes: the Rotterdam study. Diabetes 55 (2006) 506-510
21. Ikram M.K., et al. Are retinal arteriolar or venular diameters associated with markers for cardiovascular disorders? The Rotterdam Study. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 45 (2004) 2129-2134
22. Ikram M.K., et al. Retinal vessel diameters and cerebral small vessel disease: the Rotterdam Scan Study. Brain 129 (2006) 182-188
23. Ikram M.K., et al. Retinal vessel diameters and risk of stroke: the Rotterdam Study. Neurology 66 (2006) 1339-1343
24. Wong T.Y., et al. Retinal vascular caliber, cardiovascular risk factors, and inflammation: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA). Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 47 (2006) 2341-2351
25. Klein R., et al. Are inflammatory factors related to retinal vessel caliber? The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Arch. Ophthalmol. 124 (2006) 87-94
26. Wong T.Y., et al. Retinal arteriolar narrowing and risk of diabetes mellitus in middle-aged persons. JAMA. 287 (2002) 2528-2533
27. Wong T.Y., et al. Retinal arteriolar narrowing, hypertension, and subsequent risk of diabetes mellitus. Arch. Intern. Med. 165 (2005) 1060-1065
28. Zhang L., et al. Risk of developing retinopathy in Diabetes Control and Complications Trial type 1 diabetic patients with good or poor metabolic control. Diabetes Care 24 (2001) 1275-1279
29. Chaturvedi N., et al. Markers of insulin resistance are strong risk factors for retinopathy incidence in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 24 (2001) 284-289
30. Henricsson M., et al. The incidence of retinopathy 10 years after diagnosis in young adult people with diabetes: results from the nationwide population-based Diabetes Incidence Study in Sweden (DISS). Diabetes Care 26 (2003) 349-354
31. Keen H., et al. The appearance of retinopathy and progression to proliferative retinopathy: the WHO Multinational Study of Vascular Disease in Diabetes. Diabetologia 44 Suppl. 2 (2001) S22-S30
32. The UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). Lancet 352 (1998) 854-865
33. van Leiden H.A., et al. Blood pressure, lipids, and obesity are associated with retinopathy: the Hoorn Study. Diabetes Care 25 (2002) 1320-1325
34. Caballero A.E. Metabolic and vascular abnormalities in subjects at risk for type 2 diabetes: the early start of a dangerous situation. Arch. Med. Res. 36 (2005) 241-249
35. Couillard C., et al. Circulating levels of oxidative stress markers and endothelial adhesion molecules in men with abdominal obesity. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 90 (2005) 6454-6459
36. Oren S., et al. Arterial and venous compliance in obese and nonobese subjects. Am. J. Cardiol. 77 (1996) 665-667
37. Vecchione C., et al. Leptin effect on endothelial nitric oxide is mediated through Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation pathway. Diabetes 51 (2002) 168-173
38. Klein B.E., et al. The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. XIII. Relationship of serum cholesterol to retinopathy and hard exudates. Ophthalmology 98 (1991) 1261-1265
39. Chew E.Y., et al. Association of elevated serum lipid levels with retinal hard exudate in diabetic retinopathy. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) Report 22. Arch. Ophthalmol. 114 (1996) 1079-1084
40. Hackman A., et al. Levels of soluble cell adhesion molecules in patients with dyslipidemia. Circulation 93 (1996) 1334-1338
41. Wong T.Y., et al. Retinal microvascular abnormalities and their relationship with hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and mortality. Surv. Ophthalmol. 46 (2001) 59-80
42. Klein R., et al. The relation of systemic hypertension to changes in the retinal vasculature: the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Trans. Am. Ophthalmol. Soc. 95 (1997) 329-348
43. Cugati S., et al. Five-year incidence and progression of vascular retinopathy in persons without diabetes: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Eye (2005) (Epub ahead of print)
44. Wong T.Y., et al. Retinopathy in persons with impaired glucose metabolism: the Australian Diabetes Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) study. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 140 (2005) 1157-1159
45. Harris M.I., et al. Onset of NIDDM occurs at least 4-7 yr before clinical diagnosis. Diabetes Care 15 (1992) 815-819
46. Wong T.Y., et al. Do retinopathy signs in non-diabetic individuals predict the subsequent risk of diabetes?. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 90 (2006) 301-303
47. Falck A., and Laatikainen L. Retinal vasodilation and hyperglycaemia in diabetic children and adolescents. Acta Ophthalmol. Scand. 73 (1995) 119-124
48. Grundy S.M., et al. Definition of metabolic syndrome: Report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Heart Association conference on scientific issues related to definition. Circulation 109 (2004) 433-438
49. Wong T.Y., and Mitchell P. Hypertensive retinopathy. N. Engl. J. Med. 351 (2004) 2310-2317
50. Keith N., et al. Some different types of essential hypertension: their course and prognosis. Am. J. Med. Sci. 197 (1939) 332-343
51. Smith W., et al. Retinal arteriolar narrowing is associated with 5-year incident severe hypertension: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Hypertension 44 (2004) 442-447
52. Wong T.Y., et al. Retinal arteriolar diameter and risk for hypertension. Ann. Intern. Med. 140 (2004) 248-255
53. Wong T.Y., et al. Prospective cohort study of retinal vessel diameters and risk of hypertension. BMJ 329 (2004) 79
54. Ikram M.K., et al. Retinal vessel diameters and risk of hypertension: the Rotterdam Study. Hypertension 47 (2006) 189-194
55. Ziegler M.G., et al. Hypertensives' pressor response to norepinephrine. Analysis by infusion rate and plasma levels. Am. J. Hypertens. 4 (1991) 586-591
56. Schlaich M.P., et al. Sympathetic augmentation in hypertension: role of nerve firing, norepinephrine reuptake, and angiotensin neuromodulation. Hypertension 43 (2004) 169-175
57. Delles C., et al. Impaired endothelial function of the retinal vasculature in hypertensive patients. Stroke 35 (2004) 1289-1293
58. Kuboki K., et al. Regulation of endothelial constitutive nitric oxide synthase gene expression in endothelial cells and in vivo: a specific vascular action of insulin. Circulation 101 (2000) 676-681
59. Goto I., et al. Pathological studies on the intracerebral and retinal arteries in cerebrovascular and noncerebrovascular diseases. Stroke 6 (1975) 263-269
60. Wong T.Y., et al. Retinal microvascular abnormalities and incident stroke: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Lancet 358 (2001) 1134-1140
61. Wong T.Y., et al. Retinal microvascular abnormalities and cognitive impairment in middle-aged persons: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Stroke 33 (2002) 1487-1492
62. Wong T.Y., et al. Cerebral white matter lesions, retinopathy, and incident clinical stroke. JAMA. 288 (2002) 67-74
63. Wong T.Y., et al. Retinal microvascular changes and MRI signs of cerebral atrophy in healthy, middle-aged people. Neurology 61 (2003) 806-811
64. Mitchell P., et al. Retinal microvascular signs and risk of stroke and stroke mortality. Neurology 65 (2005) 1005-1009
65. Wong T.Y., et al. The prevalence and risk factors of retinal microvascular abnormalities in older persons: The Cardiovascular Health Study. Ophthalmology 110 (2003) 658-666
66. Wong T.Y., et al. Retinal microvascular abnormalities and 10-year cardiovascular mortality: a population-based case-control study. Ophthalmology 110 (2003) 933-940
67. Duncan B.B., et al. Hypertensive retinopathy and incident coronary heart disease in high risk men. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 86 (2002) 1002-1006
68. Wong T.Y., et al. Retinal arteriolar narrowing and risk of coronary heart disease in men and women. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. JAMA. 287 (2002) 1153-1159
69. van Hecke M.V., et al. Inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are associated with retinopathy: the Hoorn Study. Diabetologia 48 (2005) 1300-1306
70. Festa A., et al. Chronic subclinical inflammation as part of the insulin resistance syndrome: the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS). Circulation 102 (2000) 42-47
71. Meigs J.B., et al. Biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. JAMA. 291 (2004) 1978-1986
72. Tamai K., et al. Lipid hydroperoxide stimulates leukocyte-endothelium interaction in the retinal microcirculation. Exp. Eye Res. 75 (2002) 69-75
73. Kolodjaschna J., et al. LPS-induced microvascular leukocytosis can be assessed by blue-field entoptic phenomenon. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 287 (2004) H691-H694
74. Chester A.H., et al. Induction of nitric oxide synthase in human vascular smooth muscle: interactions between proinflammatory cytokines. Cardiovasc. Res. 38 (1998) 814-821
75. Xing C., et al. Genome-wide linkage study of retinal vessel diameters in the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Hypertension 47 (2006) 797-802
76. Wang J.J., and Wong T.Y. Genetic determinants of retinal vascular caliber: additional insights into hypertension pathogenesis. Hypertension 47 (2006) 644-645
77. Meleth A.D., et al. Serum inflammatory markers in diabetic retinopathy. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 46 (2005) 4295-4301
78. Klein R., et al. Are retinal arteriolar abnormalities related to atherosclerosis?: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 20 (2000) 1644-1650
79. Wong T.Y., et al. Cardiovascular risk factors for retinal vein occlusion and arteriolar emboli: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities & Cardiovascular Health studies. Ophthalmology 112 (2005) 540-547
80. Klein R., et al. Retinal emboli and stroke: the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Arch. Ophthalmol. 117 (1999) 1063-1068