Peptides as tools and drugs for immunotherapies

Journal of Peptide Science

Volumn 13, Issue 9, 2007, Pages 588-602

  Beck, Alain ^a   Klinguer Hamour, Christine ^a   Bussat, Marie Claire ^a   Champion, Thierry ^a   Haeuw, Jean François ^a   Goetsch, Liliane ^a   Wurch, Thierry ^a   Sugawara, Masae ^b   Milon, Alain ^b   Van Dorsselaer, Alain ^c   Nguyen, Thien ^d   Corvaïa, Nathalie ^a  

^a INSTITUT DE RECHERCHE PIERRE FABRE   (France)

^b INSTITUT DE PHARMACOLOGIE ET DE BIOLOGIE STRUCTURALE   (France)

^c UNIVERSITÉ DE STRASBOURG   (France)

^d Centre d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre   (France)

Author keywords

Epitope mapping; Glycopeptide mapping; Mass spectrometry; Monoclonal antibodies; Peptide mapping; Subunit vaccines

Indexed keywords

ANTIBODY CONJUGATE; B LYMPHOCYTE ANTIGEN; BEVACIZUMAB; CETUXIMAB; CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTE ANTIGEN 4; ESCHERICHIA COLI PROTEIN; ESCHERICHIA COLI VACCINE; HLA A2 ANTIGEN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; KEYHOLE LIMPET HEMOCYANIN MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY CONJUGATE; MELANOMA VACCINE; OUTER MEMBRANE PROTEIN A; PALIVIZUMAB; PEPTIDE; PEPTIDE DERIVATIVE; PEPTIDE ELA; PROTEIN P40; PYROGLUTAMIC ACID DERIVATIVE; RECOMBINANT PROTEIN BBG2NA; RECOMBINANT VACCINE; RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS VACCINE; SOMATOMEDIN C RECEPTOR; T LYMPHOCYTE ANTIGEN; TRASTUZUMAB; TUMOR VACCINE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VACCINE; VIRUS VACCINE;

CLINICAL TRIAL; CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTE; DRUG DESIGN; DRUG DETERMINATION; DRUG FORMULATION; DRUG SCREENING; DRUG SOLUBILITY; DRUG STABILITY; DRUG STRUCTURE; EPITOPE MAPPING; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNOTHERAPY; MASS SPECTROMETRY; NEWBORN INFECTION; NONHUMAN; PEPTIDE MAPPING; PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVERSED PHASE HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; REVIEW; STRUCTURE ACTIVITY RELATION; VIRUS INFECTION;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ANIMALS; ANTIBODIES, MONOCLONAL; ANTIGENS, VIRAL; CANCER VACCINES; EPITOPES, B-LYMPHOCYTE; EPITOPES, T-LYMPHOCYTE; HUMANS; IMMUNOTHERAPY; MICE; MODELS, IMMUNOLOGICAL; MODELS, MOLECULAR; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; PEPTIDE MAPPING; PEPTIDES; RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS VACCINES; RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS, HUMAN;

EID: 34848837625     PISSN: 10752617     EISSN: 10991387     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/psc.852     Document Type: Review

References (72)

1. Tribbick G. Multipin peptide libraries for antibody and receptor epitope screening and characterization. J. Immunol. Methods 2002; 267(1): 27-35.
2. Frank R. The SPOT synthesis technique-synthetic peptide arrays on membrane supports-principles and applications. J. Immunol. Methods 2002; 267(1): 13-26.
3. Henderson RA, Mossman S, Nairm N, Cheever MA. Cancer vaccines and immunotherapies: emerging perspectives. Vaccine 2005; 23(17-18): 2359-2362,
4. Beck A, Klinguer-Hamour C, Corvaia N. Peptides as screening tools for epitopes. Screen. Trends Drug Discov. (Git Verlag) 2006; 7: 22-24.
5. Julia V, McSorley SS, Malherbe L, Breittmayer JP, Girard-Pipau F, Beck A, Glaichenhaus N. Priming by microbial antigens from the intestinal flora determines the ability of CD4+ T cells to rapidly secrete IL-4 in BALB/c mice infected with Leshmania major. J. Immunol. 2000; 165: 5637-5645.
6. van Walle I, Lasters I, Stas P. Immunogenicity of therapeutic proteins. Drug Discov. World 2006; 7(3): 94-98.
7. Power UF, Nguyen TN, Rietveld E, de Swart RL, Groen J, Osterhaus ADME, De Groot R, Corvaia N, Beck A, Bouveret-le-Cam N, Bonnefoy JY. Safety and immunogenicity of a novel recombinant subunit respiratory syncytial virus vaccine (BBG2Na) in healthy young adults. J. Infect. Dis. 2001; 184(11): 1456-1460.
8. Wu H, Pfarr DS, Tang Y, An LL, Patel NK, Watkins JD, Huse WD, Kiener PA, Young JF. Ultra-potent antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus: effects of binding kinetics and binding valence on viral neutralization. J. Mol. Biol. 2005; 350(1): 126-144.
9. Mejias A, Chávez-Bueno S, Rios AM, Aten MF, Raynor B, Peromingo E, Soni P, Olsen KD, Kiener PA, Gómez AM, Jafri HS, Ramilo O. Comparative effects of two neutralizing anti-respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) monoclonal antibodies in the RSV murine model: Time versus potency. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2005; 49(11): 4700-4707.
10. Corvaia N, Tournier P, Nguyen TN, Haeuw JF, Power UF, Binz H, Andreoni C. Challenge of BALB/c mice with respiratory syncytial virus does not enhance the Th2 pathway induced after immunization with a recombinant G fusion protein, BBG2NA, in aluminum hydroxide. J. Infect. Dis. 1997; 176(3): 560-569.
11. Plotnicky-Gilquin H, Huss T, Aubry JP, Haeuw JF, Beck A, Bonnefoy JY, Nguyen TN, Power UF. Absence of lung immunopathology following respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) challenge in mice immunized with a recombinant RSV G protein fragment. Virology 1999; 258(1): 128-140.
12. Mekseepralard C, Toms GL, Routledge EG. Protection of mice against Human respiratory syncytial virus by wild-type and aglycosyl mouse-human chimaeric IgG antibodies to subgroup-conserved epitopes on the G glycoprotein. J. Gen. Virol. 2006; 87(Pt 5): 1267-1273.
13. Goetsch L, Plotnicky-Gilquin H, Champion T, Beck A, Haeuw JF, Nguyen TN, Bonnefoy JY, Corvaïa N. Influence of live respiratory syncytial virus priming on the immune response generated by a recombinant vaccine candidate, BBG2Na. Vaccine 2000; 18: 2648-2655.
14. Goetsch L, Plotnicky-Gilquin H, Champion T, Beck A, Corvaia N, Stahl S, Bonnefoy JY, Nguyen TN, Power UF. Influence of administration dose and route on the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of BBG2Na, a recombinant respiratory syncytial virus subunit vaccine candidate. Vaccine 2000; 18(24): 2735-2742.
15. Plotnicky-Gilquin H, Robert A, Chevalet L, Haeuw JF, Beck A, Bonnefoy JY, brandt C, Siegrist CA, Nguyen TN, Power UF. CD4+ T-cell-mediated antiviral protection of the upper respiratory tract in BALB/c mice following parenteral immunization with a recombinant respiratory syncytial virus G protein fragment. J. Virol. 2000; 74(8): 3455-3463.
16. Plotnicky-Gilquin H, Cyblat-Chanal D, Aubry JP, Champion T, Beck A, Nguyen T, Bonnefoy JY, Corvaia N. Gamma interferon-dependent protection of the mouse upper respiratory tract following parenteral immunization with a respiratory syncytial vires G protein fragment. J. Virol. 2002; 76(20): 10203-10210.
17. Dagouassat N, Robillard V, Haeuw JF, Plotnicky-Gilquin H, Power UF, Corvaïa N, Nguyen TN, Bonnefoy JY, Beck A. A Novel bipolar mode of attachment to aluminium-containing adjuvants by BBG2Na a recombinant RSV vaccine. Vaccine 2001; 19(30): 4143-4152.
18. Klinguer-Hamour C, Libon C, Plotnicky-Gilquin H, Bussat MC, Revy L, Nguyen T, Bonnefoy JY, Corvaia N, Beck A. DDA adjuvant induces a mixed Th1/Th2 immune response when associated with BBG2Na, a respiratory syncytial virus potential vaccine. Vaccine 2002; 20(21-22): 2743-2751.
19. Klinguer C, Beck A, De Lys P, Bussat MC, Blaecke A, Derouet F, Bonnefoy JY, Nguyen TN, Corvaia N, Velin D. Lipophilic quaternary ammonium salt acts as a mucosal adjuvant when co-administered by the nasal mute with vaccine antigens. Vaccine 2001; 19(30): 4236-4244.
20. Goetsch L, Haeuw JF, Champion T, Lacheny C, N'Guyen T, Beck A, Corvaia N. Identification of B- and T-cell epitopes of BB, a carrier protein derived from the G protein of Streptococcus strain G148. Clin. Diagn. Lab Immunol. 2003; 10(1): 125-132.
21. Plotnicky-Gilquin H, Cyblat-Chanal D, Goetsch L, Lacheny C, Libon C, Champion T, Beck A, Pasche H, Nguyen TN, Bonnefoy JY, Bouveret-le-Cam N, Corvaia N. Passive transfer of serum antibodies induced by BBG2Na, a subunit vaccine, in the elderly protects SCID mouse lungs against respiratory syncytial virus challenge. Virology 2002; 303(1): 130-137.
22. Dagouassat N, Haeuw JF, Robillard V, Damien F, Libon C, Corvaïa N, Lawny F, Nguyen TN. Bonnefoy JY, Beck A. Development of a quantitative assay for residual host cell proteins in a recombinant subunit vaccine against human respiratory syncytial virus. J. Immunol. Methods 2001; 251(1/2): 151-159.
23. Haeuw JF, Beck A. Proteomics for development of immunotherapies. In Proteomics: Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applications, Hondermack H (ed.). Kluwer Academic: The Netherlands, 2004; 243-278.
24. Lokteff M, Klinguer-Hamour C, Julien E, Picot D, Lannes L, Nguyen TN, Bonnefoy JY, Beck A. Residual DNA quantification in clinical batches of BBG2Na, a recombinant subunit vaccine against human respiratory syncytial virus. Biologicals 2001; 29: 123-132.
25. Beck A. Testing tissues for residual DNA in vaccines. In World Health Organization informal consultation on the application of molecular methods to assure the quality, safety and efficacy of vaccines (Geneva April 7-8, 2005). Shin J, Wood D, Robertson J, Minor P, Peden K; on behalf of the WHO Informal Consulting Group. Biologicals 2007; 35: 63-71.
26. Beck A, Bussat MC, Haeuw JF, Corvaïa N, Nguyen TN, Van Dorsselaer A, Bonnefoy JY. Synthesis and characterization of respiratory syncytial virus protein G related peptides containing two disulfide bridges. In Physico-Chemical Procedures for the Characterization of Vaccines, Brown F, Corbel M, Griffiths E (eds). Karger: Basel, 2000; 231-236.
27. Beck A, Zorn N, Bussat MC, Haeuw JF, Corvaïa N, Nguyen TN, Bonnefoy JY, Van Dorsselaer A. Synthesis and characterization of respiratory syncytial virus protein G related peptides containing two disulfide bridges. J. Pept. Res. 2000; 55(1): 24-35.
28. Plotnicky-Gilquin H, Goetsch L, Huss T, Champion T, Beck A, Haeuw JF, Nguyen TN, Bonnefoy JY, Corvaïa N, Power UF. Identification of Multiple protective epitopes (protectopes) in the central conserved domain of a prototype human respiratory syncytial virus G protein. J. Virol. 1999; 73(7): 5637-5645.
29. Power UF, Plotnicky-Gilquin H, Goetsch L, Champion T, Beck A, Haeuw JF, Nguyen TN, Bonnefoy JY, Corvaïa N. Identification and characterisation of multiple linear B cell protectopes in the respiratory syncytial virus G protein. Vaccine 2001; 19: 2345-2351.
30. Beck A, Sugawara M, Czaplicki J, Klinguer-Hamour C, Haeuw JF, Nguyen TN, Van Dorsselaer A, Bonnefoy JY, Milon A. Synthesis and solution Tree-dimensional structure of the Immunodominant region of protein G of human RSV. In Peptides: The Wave of the Future, Lebl M, Houghten RA (eds). American Peptide Society: San Diego, 2001; 320-321.
31. Sugawara M, Czaplicki J, Ferrage J, Haeuw JF, Power UF, Corvaïa N, Nguyen TN, Beck A, Milon A. Structure-antigenicity relationship studies of the central conserved region of human respiratory syncytial virus protein G. J. Pept. Res. 2002; 60(5): 271-282.
32. Langedijk JP, Schaaper WM, Meloen RH, Van Oirschot JT. Proposed three-dimensional model for the attachment protein G of respiratory syncytial virus. J. Gen. Virol. 1996; 77(Pt 6): 1249-1257.
33. Haeuw JF, Rauly I, Zanna L, Libon C, Andreoni C, Nguyen TN, Baussant T, Bonnefoy JY, Beck A. The recombinant Klebsiella pneumoniae outer membrane protein OmpA has carrier properties for conjugated antigenic peptides. Eur. J. Biochem. 1998; 255: 446-454.
34. Haeuw JF, Libon C, Zanna L, Goetsch L, Champion T, Nguyen TN, Bonnefoy JY, Corvaia N, Beck A. Physico-chemical characterization and immunogenicity studies of peptide and polysaccharide conjugate vaccines based on a promising new carrier protein, the recombinant Klebsiella pneumoniae OmpA. Dev. Biol. (Basel) 2000; 103: 245-250.
35. De Waal L, Power UF, Yüksel S, Van Amerongen G, Nguyen TN, Niesters HGM, de Swart RL, Osterhaus ADME. Evaluation of BBG2Na in infant macaques: specific immune responses after vaccination and RSV challenge. Vaccine 2004; 22(8): 915-922.
36. Klinguer-Hamour C, Bussat MC, Plotnicky H, Velin D, Corvaia N, Nguyen T, Beck A. Synthesis, refolding and protective immune responses of a potential antigen for human respiratory syncytial virus vaccine. J. Pept. Res. 2003; 62(1): 27-36.
37. Foucault M, Guillon C, Mayol K, Menduni R, Bussat MC, Klinguer-Hamour C, Beck A, Verrier B, Haser R, Gouet P. Structural study of chemically synthesized Tat proteins from a HIV-1 primary isolate: evidence that Tat is a natively unfolded protein which adopts a "pre-molten globuble" state in solution. 2007; submitted.
38. Martin P, Parroche P, Chatel L, Barretto C, Beck A, Trepo C, Bain C, Lone YC, Inchauspe G, Fournillier A. Genetic immunization and comprehensive screening approaches in HLA-A2 transgenic mice lead to the identification of three novel epitopes in hepatitis C virus NS3 antigen. J. Med. Virol. 2004; 74(3): 397-405.
39. Depil S, Angyalosi G, Moralès O, Delacre M, Delhem N, François V, Georges B, Hammer J, Maillère B, Auriault C, Pancré V. Peptide-binding assays and HLA II transgenic Aβ° mice are consistent and complementary tools for identifying HLA II-restricted peptides. Vaccine 2006; 24(13): 2225-2229.
40. Pietersz GA, Pouniotis DS, Apostolopoulos V. Design of peptide-based vaccines for cancer. Curr. Med. Chem. 2006; 13(14): 1591-1607.
41. Valmori D, Fonteneau JF, Lizana CM, Gervois N, Lienard D, Rimoldi D, Jongeneel V, Jotereau F, Cerottini JC, Romero P. Enhanced generation of specific tumor-reactive CTL in vitro by selected Melan-A/MART-1 immunodominant peptide analogues. J. Immunol. 1998; 160(4): 1750-1758.
42. Colombetti S, Fagerberg T, Baumgärtner P, Chapatte L, Speiser DE, Rufer N, Michielin O, Levy F. Impact of orthologous Melan-A peptide immunizations on the anti-self Melan-A/HLA-A2 T cell cross-reactivity. J. Immunol. 2006; 178(11): 6560-6567.
43. Chapatte L, Ayyoub M, Morel S, Peitrequin AL, Lévy N, Servis C, Van den Eynde BJ, Valmori D, Lévy F. Processing of tumor-associated antigen by the proteasomes of dendritic cells controls in vivo T-cell responses. Cancer Res. 2006; 66(10): 5461-5468.
44. 26-35 peptide encapsulated into virosomes in vitro. Vaccine 2005; 23(48-49): 5572-5582.
45. Jeannin P, Renno T, Goetsch L, Miconnet I, Aubry JP, Deloria MA, Herbault N, Bay C, Magnire JD, Soulas C, Romero P, Cerottini JC, Bonnefoy JY. OmpA targets dendritic cells, induces their maturation and antigen delivery into the MHC class I presentation pathway. Nat. Immunol. 2000; 1: 502-509.
46. Goetsch L, Gonzalez A, Plotnicky-Gilquin H, Haeuw JF, Aubry JP, Beck A, Bonnefoy JY, Corvaia N. Targeting of nasal mucosa-associated antigen-presenting cells in vivo with an outer membrane protein A derived from Klebsiella pneumoniae. Infect. Immun. 2001; 69(10): 6434-6444.
47. Jeannin P, Bottazzi B, Sironi M, Doni A, Rusnatl M, Presta M, Maina V, Magistrelli G, Haeuw JF, Hoeffel G, Thieblemont N, Corvaia N, Garlanda C, Delneste Y, Mantovani A. Complexity and complementarity of outer membrane protein a recognition by cellular and humoral innate immunity receptors. Immunity 2005; 22(5): 551-560.
48. Libon C, Haeuw JF, Crouzet F, Mugnier C, Bonnefoy JY, Beck A, Corvaia N. Streptococcus pneumoniae polysaccharides conjugated to the outer membrane protein A from Klebsiella pneumoniae elicit protective antibodies. Vaccine 2002; 20(17-18): 2174-2180.
49. Beck A, Goetsch L, Champion T, Bussat MC, Aubry JP, Klinguer-Hamour C, Haeuw JF, Bonnefoy JY, Corvaia N. Stability and CTL-activity of P40/ELA melanoma vaccine candidate. Biologicals 2001; 29(3-4): 293-298.
50. Beck A, Bussat MC, Klinguer-Hamour C, Goetsch L, Aubry JP, Champion T, Julien E, Haeuw JF, Bonnefoy JY, Corvaia N. Stability and CTL activity of N-terminal glutamic acid containing peptides. J. Pept. Res. 2001; 57(6): 528-538.
51. Plotnicky H, Cyblat-Chanal D, Aubry JP, Derouet F, Klinguer-Hamour C, Beck A, Bonnefoy JY, Corvaia N. The immunodominant influenza matrix T cell epitope recognized in human induces influenza protection in HLA-A2/ K(b) transgenic mice. Virology 2003; 309(2): 320-329.
52. Klinguer-Hamour C, Goetsch L, Lokteff M, Bussat MC, Blaecke A, Gonzalez A, Haeuw JF, Corvaia N, Beck A. Solubility and CTL activity of elongated hydrophobic peptide epitopes. In Peptide Revolution: Genomics, Proteomics and Therapeutics, Chorev M, Sawyer TK (eds). American Peptide Society: San Diego. 2004; 1003-1004.
53. Sugawara M, Haeuw JF, Goetsch L, Klinguer-Hamour C, Corvaia N, Beck A, Milon A. Comparative study of the membrane association states of Outer membrane protein A of Klebsiella pneumoniae in new galenic formulations applied to active immunotherapy. 2007; in preparation.
54. Chapatte L, Servis C, Valmori D, Burlet-Schiltz O, Dayer J, Monsarrat B, Romero P, Levy F. Final antigenic Melan-A peptides produced directly by the proteasomes are preferentially selected for presentation by HLA-A*0201 in melanoma cells. J. Immunol. 2004; 173(10): 6033-6040.
55. Deshayes S, Morris MC, Divita G, Heitz F. Cell-penetrating peptides: tools for intracellular delivery of therapeutics. Cell Mol. Life Sci. 2005; 62(16): 1839-1849.
56. Tan M, Lan KH, Yao J, Lu CH, Sun MH, Neal CL, Lu J, Yu DH. Selective inhibition of ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancer in vivo by a novel TAT-based ErbB2-targeting signal transducers and activators of transcription 3-blocking peptide. Cancer Res. 2006; 66(7): 3764-3772.
57. Reichert JM, Rosensweig CJ, Faden LB, Dewitz MC. Monoclonal antibody successes in the clinic. Nat. Biotechnol. 2005; 23(9): 1073-1078.
58. Romond EH, Perez EA, Bryant J, Suman VJ, Geyer CE Jr, Davidson NE, Tan-Chiu E, Martino S, Paik S, Kaufman PA, Swain SM, Pisansky TM, Fehrenbacher L, Kutteh LA, Vogel VG, Visscher DW, Yothers G, Jenkins RB. Brown AM, Dakhil SR, Mamounas EP, Lingle WL, Klein PM, Ingle JN. Trastuzumab plus adjuvant chemotherapy for operable HER2-positive breast cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 2005; 353(16): 1673-1684.
59. Garber K. The second wave in kinase cancer drugs. Nat. Biotechnol. 2006; 24(2): 127-130.
60. Hurwitz HI, Fehrenbacher L, Hainsworth JD, Heim W, Berlin J, Holmgren E, Hambleton J, Novotny WF, Kabbinavar F. Bevacizumab in combination with fluorouracil and leucovorin: an active regimen for first-line metastatic colorectal cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 2005; 23(15): 3502-3508.
61. Ferrara C, Stuart F, Sondermann P, Brunker P, Umana P. The carbohydrate at FcgammaRIIIa Asn-162. An element required for high affinity binding to non-fucosylated IgG glycoforms. J. Biol. Chem. 2006; 281(8): 5032-5036.
62. Li H, Sethuraman N, Stadheim TA, Zha D, Prinz B, Ballew N, Bobrowicz P, Choi BK, Cook WJ, Cukan M, Houston-Cummings NR, Davidson R, Gong B, Hamilton SR, Hoopes JP, Jiang Y, Kim N, Mansfield R, Nett JH, Rios S, Strawbridge R, Wildt S, Gerngross TU. Optimization of humanized IgGs in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris. Nat. Biotechnol. 2006; 24(2): 210-215.
63. Hofmann F, Garcia-Echeverria C. Blocking the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor as a strategy for targeting cancer. Drug Discov. Today 2005; 10(15): 1041-1047.
64. Goetsch L, Gonzalez A, Leger O, Beck A, Pauwels PJ, Haeuw JF, Corvaia N. A recombinant humanized anti-insulin-like growth factor receptor type I antibody (h7C10) enhances the antitumor activity of vinorelbine and anti-epidermal growth factor receptor therapy against human cancer xenografts. Int. J. Cancer 2005; 113(2): 316-328.
65. Sachdev D, Singh R, Fujita-Yamaguchi Y, Yee D. Down-regulation of insulin receptor by antibodies against the type I insulin-like growth factor receptor: implications for anti-insulin-like growth factor therapy in breast cancer. Cancer Res. 2006; 66(4): 2391-2402.
66. Beck A, Bussat MC, Zorn N, Robillard V, Klinguer-Hamour C, Chenu S, Goetsch L, Corvaia N, Van Dorsselaer A, Haeuw JF. Characterization by liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry of monoclonal anti-IGF-1 receptor antibodies produced in CHO and NS0 cells. J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. 2005; 819(2): 203-218.
67. Dillon TM, Bondarenko PV, Rehder DS, Pipes GD, Kleemann GR, Ricci MS. Optimization of a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography/ mass spectrometry method for characterizing recombinant antibody heterogeneity and stability. J. Chromatogr. A 2006; 1120(1-2): 112-120.
68. Rehder DS, Dillon TM, Pipes GD, Bondarenko PV. Reversed-phase liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of reduced monoclonal antibodies in pharmaceutics. J. Chromatogr. A 2006; 1102(1-2): 164-175.
69. Gadgil HS, Pipes GD, Dillon TM, Treuheit MJ, Bondarenko PV. Improving mass accuracy of high performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry of intact antibodies. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2006; 17(6): 867-872.
70. Chelius D, Jing K, Lueras A, Rehder DS, Dillon TM, Vizel A, Rajan RS, Li T, Treuheit MJ, Bondarenko PV. Formation of pyroglutamic acid from N-terminal glutamic acid in immunoglobulin gamma antibodies. Anal. Chem. 2006; 78(7): 2370-2376.
71. Jefferis R. Glycosylation of recombinant antibody therapeutics. Biotechnol. Prog. 2005; 21(1): 11-16.
72. Huang L, Biolsi S, Bales KR, Kuchibhotla U. Impact of variable domain glycosylation on antibody clearance: an LC/MS characterization. Anal. Biochem. 2006; 349(2): 197-207.