Gradiency and visual context in syntactic garden-paths

Journal of Memory and Language

Volumn 57, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 570-595

  Farmer, Thomas A ^a   Anderson, Sarah E ^a   Spivey, Michael J ^a  

^a Department of Obstetrics Gynecology   (United States)

Author keywords

Continuous; Dynamical; Language and vision interaction; Syntax

Indexed keywords

EID: 34748829740     PISSN: 0749596X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2007.04.003     Document Type: Article

References (84)

1. Abrams R.A., and Balota D.A. Mental chronometry: Beyond reaction time. Psychological Science 2 (1991) 153-157
2. Allopenna P.D., Magnuson J.S., and Tanenhaus M.K. Tracking the time course of spoken word recognition using eye movements: Evidence for continuous mapping models. Journal of Memory and Language 38 (1998) 419-439
3. Altmann G.T.M., and Kamide Y. Incremental interpretation at verbs: Restricting the domain of subsequent reference. Cognition 73 (1999) 247-264
4. Altmann G.T.M., and Steedman M.J. Interaction with context during human sentence processing. Cognition 30 (1988) 191-238
5. Barsalou L.W. Perceptual symbol systems. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22 (1999) 577-660
6. Bates E., and MacWhinney B. Functionalism and the competition model. In: MacWhinney B., and Bates E. (Eds). The crosslinguistic study of sentence processing (1989), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK 3-73
7. Bever T.G. The cognitive basis for linguistic structures. In: Hayes J.R. (Ed). Cognition and the growth of cognition (1970), Wiley, New York, NY 279-362
8. In: Bod R., Hay J., and Jannedy S. (Eds). Probabilistic linguistics (2003), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
9. Bornkessel I., McElree B., Schlesewsky M., and Friederici A. Multi-dimensional contributions to garden path strength: Dissociating phrase structure from case marking. Journal of Memory and Language 51 (2004) 495-522
10. Britt M.A. The interaction of referential ambiguity and argument structure in the parsing of prepositional phrases. Journal of Memory and Language 33 (1994) 251-283
11. Britt M.A., Perfetti C.A., Garrod S., and Rayner K. Parsing in discourse: Context effects and their limits. Journal of Memory and Language 31 (1992) 293-314
12. Budiu R., and Anderson J.R. Interpretation-based processing: A unified theory of semantic sentence comprehension. Cognitive Science 28 (2004) 1-44
13. Chambers C., Tanenhaus M., and Magnuson J. Actions and affordances in syntactic ambiguity resolution. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 30 (2004) 687-696
14. Cisek P., and Kalaska J. Neural correlates of reaching decisions in dorsal premotor cortex. Neuron 45 (2005) 801-814
15. Clifton C., Traxler M., Mohamed M., Williams R., Morris R., and Rayner K. The use of thematic role information in parsing: Syntactic processing autonomy revisited. Journal of Memory and Language 49 (2003) 317-334
16. Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (1988), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ
17. Culicover P., and Nowak A. Dynamical grammar (2003), Oxford University Press, New York, NY
18. Dale R., Kehoe C.E., and Spivey M.J. Graded motor responses in the time course of categorizing exemplars. Memory & Cognition 35 (2007) 15-28
19. Darlington R.B. Is kurtosis really "peakedness"?. American Statistician 24 (1970) 19-22
20. DeCarlo L.T. On the meaning of kurtosis and use of kurtosis. Psychological Methods 2 (1997) 292-307
21. Desimone R., and Duncan J. Neural mechanisms of selective visual attention. Annual Review of Neuroscience 18 (1995) 193-222
22. Dietrich E., and Markman A.B. Discrete thoughts: Why cognition must use discrete representations. Mind and Language 18 (2003) 95-119
23. Doyle M., and Walker R. Curved saccade trajectories: Voluntary and reflexive saccades curve away from irrelevant distractors. Experimental Brain Research 139 (2001) 333-344
24. Duncan J., and Humphreys G. Visual search and stimulus similarity. Psychological Review 96 (1989) 433-458
25. Elman J., Hare M., and McRae K. Cues, constraints, and competition in sentence processing. In: Tomasello M., and Slobin D. (Eds). Beyond nature-nurture: Essays in honor of Elizabeth Bates (2004), Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ 111-138
26. Farmer, T. A., Anderson, S. E., Hindy, N. C., Dale, R., & Spivey, M. J. (in press). Tracking the continuity of language comprehension: Computer-mouse trajectories suggest parallel syntactic processing. Cognitive Science.
27. Ferreira F., Bailey K.G.D., and Ferraro V. Good-enough representations in language comprehension. Current Directions in Psychological Science 11 (2002) 11-15
28. Ferreira F., and Clifton Jr. C. The independence of syntactic processing. Journal of Memory and Language 25 (1986) 248-368
29. In: Fodor J.D., and Ferreira F. (Eds). Reanalysis in sentence processing (1998), Kluwer, Netherlands
30. Frazier L. Getting there (Slowly). Journal of Psycholinguisic Research 27 (1998) 123-146
31. Frazier L., and Rayner K. Making and correcting errors during sentence comprehension: Eye movement in the analysis of structurally ambiguous-sentences. Cognitive Psychology 14 (1982) 178-210
32. Gaskell M.G., and Marslen-Wilson W. Ambiguity, competition, and blending in spoken word recognition. Cognitive Science 23 (1999) 439-462
33. Glenberg A., and Kaschak M. Grounding language in action. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review 9 (2002) 558-565
34. Godijn R., and Theeuwes J. Programming of endogenous and exogenous saccades: Evidence for a competitive integration model. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 28 (2002) 1039-1054
35. Gold J.I., and Shadlen M.N. Representation of a perceptual decision in developing oculomotor commands. Nature 404 (2000) 390-394
36. Gold J.I., and Shadlen M.N. Neural computations that underlie decisions about sensory stimuli. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 5 (2001) 10-16
37. Goodale M.A., Pelisson D., and Prablanc C. Large adjustment in visually guided reaching do not depending on vision of the hand or perception of the target displacement. Nature 320 (1986) 748-750
38. Green M., and Mitchell D. Absence of real evidence against competition during syntactic ambiguity resolution. Journal of Memory and Language 55 (2006) 1-17
39. Hale J. Uncertainty about the rest of the sentence. Cognitive Science 30 (2006) 643-672
40. Hare M., Tanenhaus M.K., and McRae K. Understanding and producing the reduced relative construction: Evidence from ratings, editing and corpora. Journal of Memory and Language 56 (2007) 410-435
41. Hindle D., and Rooth M. Structural ambiguity and lexical relations. Computational Linguistics 19 (1993) 103-120
42. Jurafsky D. A probabilistic model of lexical and syntactic access and disambiguation. Cognitive Science 20 (1996) 137-194
43. Knoeferle P., and Crocker M. The coordinated interplay of scene, utterance, and world knowledge: Evidence from eye tracking. Cognitive Science 30 (2006) 481-529
44. Levy, R. (in press). Expectation-based syntactic comprehension. Cognition.
45. Luce P., Goldinger S., Auer E., and Vitevitch M. Phonetic priming, neighborhood activation, and PARSYN. Perception & Psychophysics 62 (2000) 615-625
46. MacDonald M., Pearlmutter N., and Seidenberg M. The lexical nature of syntactic ambiguity resolution. Psychological Review 101 (1994) 676-703
47. McClelland J.L., and Elman J.L. Interactive processes in speech perception: The TRACE model. In: McClelland J.L., and Rumelhart D.E. (Eds). Parallel distributed processing Vol. II (1986), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK 58-121
48. McRae K., Spivey-Knowlton M., and Tanenhaus M. Modeling the effects of thematic fit (and other constraints) in on-line sentence comprehension. Journal of Memory and Language 37 (1998) 283-312
49. Newell A. Unified theories of cognition (1990), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA
50. Paninski L., Fellows M., Hatsopoulos N., and Donoghue J. Satiotemporal tuning of motor cortical neurons for hand position and velocity. Journal of Neurophysiology 91 (2004) 515-532
51. In: Port R., and van Gelder T. (Eds). Mind as motion: Explorations in the dynamics of cognition (1995), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
52. Pulvermüller F. Words in the brain's language. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22 (1999) 253-279
53. Rayner K., Carlson A., and Frazier L. The interaction of syntax and semantics during sentence processing: Eye movements in the analysis of semantically biased sentences. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 22 (1983) 358-374
54. Rayner K., Garrod S., and Perfetti C. Discourse influences during parsing are delayed. Cognition 45 (1992) 109-139
55. Rolls E.T., and Tovee M.J. Sparseness of the neuronal representation of the stimuli in the primate visual cortex. Journal of Neurophysiology 73 (1995) 713-726
56. Rosch E. Natural categories. Cognitive Psychology 4 (1973) 328-350
57. SAS Institute. (1989). SAS/STAT user's guide. Cary, NC: Author.
58. Schmidt T. The finger in flight: Real-time motor control by visually masked color stimuli. Psychological Science 13 (2002) 112-118
59. Sheliga B.M., Riggio L., and Rizzolatti G. Spatial attention and eye movements. Experimental Brain Research 105 (1995) 261-275
60. Snedeker J., and Trueswell J.C. The developing constraints on parsing decisions: The role of lexical-biases and referential scenes in child and adult sentence processing. Cognitive Psychology 49 (2004) 238-299
61. Song J., and Nakayama K. Role of focal attention on latencies and trajectories of visually guided manual pointing. Journal of Vision 6 (2006) 982-995
62. Spivey M. The continuity of mind (2007), Oxford University Press, New York, NY
63. Spivey M.J., Grosjean M., and Knoblich G. Continuous attraction toward phonological competitors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102 (2005) 10393-10398
64. Spivey-Knowlton, M. J. (1996). Integration of visual and linguistic information: Human data and model simulations. Unpublished Ph. D. thesis. University of Rochester, Rochester.
65. Spivey M.J., and Tanenhaus M.K. Syntactic ambiguity resolution in discourse: Modeling the effects of referential context and lexical frequency. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 24 (1998) 1521-1543
66. Spivey M.J., Tanenhaus M.K., Eberhard K.M., and Sedivy J.C. Eye movements and spoken language comprehension: Effects of syntactic context on syntactic ambiguity resolution. Cognitive Psychology 45 (2002) 447-481
67. Swets, B., Desmet, T., Clifton, C., Jr., & Ferreira, F. (2005). Adjunct attachment isn't just a race, either. Poster presented at the 19th Annual CUNY Conference on Human Sentence Processing, Tucson, AZ.
68. Tabor W., Galantucci B., and Richardson D. Effects of merely local syntactic coherence on sentence processing. Journal of Memory and Language 50 (2004) 355-370
69. Tabor W., and Hutchins S. Evidence for self-organized sentence processing: Digging in effects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 30 (2004) 431-450
70. Tabor W., and Tanenhaus M.K. Dynamical models of sentence processing. Cognitive Science 23 (1999) 491-515
71. Tanenhaus M.K., Spivey-Knowlton M.J., Eberhard K.M., and Sedivy J.C. Integration of visual and linguistic information in spoken language comprehension. Science 268 (1995) 1632-1634
72. Theeuwes J., Olivers C.N.L., and Chizk C.L. Remembering a location makes the eyes curve away. Psychological Science 16 (2005) 196-199
73. Tipper S.P., Howard L.A., and Jackson S.R. Selective reaching to grasp: Evidence for distractor interference effects. Visual Cognition 4 (1997) 1-38
74. Traxler M.J., Pickering M.J., and Clifton C. Adjunct attachment is not a form of lexical ambiguity resolution. Journal of Memory and Language 39 (1998) 558-592
75. Trueswell J.C., Sekerina I., Hill N.M., and Logrip L. The kindergarten-path effect: Studying on-line sentence processing in young children. Cognition 73 (1999) 89-134
76. Trueswell J.C., Tanenhaus M.K., and Garnsey S.M. Semantic influences on parsing: Use of thematic role information in syntactic disambiguation. Journal of Memory and Language 33 (1994) 285-318
77. van Gompel R.P.G., Pickering M.J., Pearson J., and Jacob G. The activation of inappropriate analyses in garden-path sentences. Journal of Memory and Language 55 (2006) 335-362
78. van Gompel R.P.G., Pickering M.J., Pearson J., and Liversedge S.P. Evidence against competition during syntactic ambiguity resolution. Journal of Memory and Language 52 (2005) 284-307
79. van Gompel R.P.G., Pickering M.J., and Traxler M.J. Reanalysis in sentence processing: Evidence against constraint-based and two-stage models. Journal of Memory and Language 45 (2001) 225-258
80. Ward L.M. Dynamical cognitive science (2002), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
81. Weinberg A. Parameters in the theory of sentence processing: Minimal commitment theory goes east. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 22 (1993) 339-364
82. Wolfe J. What can 1 million trials tell us about visual search?. Psychological Science 9 (1998) 33-39
83. In: Zadeh L.A. (Ed). Fuzzy sets and their applications to cognitive and decision processes (1975), Academic Press, New York, NY
84. Zwaan R., and Taylor L. Seeing, acting, understanding: Motor resonance in language comprehension. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 135 (2006) 1-11