Complex regulation of human cathelicidin gene expression: Novel splice variants and 5′UTR negative regulatory element

Molecular Immunology

Volumn 45, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 204-217

  Elloumi, Houda Zghal ^a   Holland, Steven M ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES   (United States)

Author keywords

Antimicrobial peptide; Gene regulation; Innate immunity; Promoter; Regulatory elements; Splice variants

Indexed keywords

AMINO ACID; CATHELICIDIN; CATHELIN; COMPLEMENTARY DNA; LUCIFERASE; PROTEIN HCAP18; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

5' UNTRANSLATED REGION; ARTICLE; BONE MARROW; BONE MARROW CELL; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL LINE; DNA SPLICING; ENZYME ACTIVITY; GENE AMPLIFICATION; GENE DELETION; GENE EXPRESSION; GENE MUTATION; GENETIC REGULATION; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; GENETIC TRANSFECTION; GENETIC VARIABILITY; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; NEUTROPHIL; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROMOTER REGION; PROTEIN EXPRESSION;

5' UNTRANSLATED REGIONS; ALTERNATIVE SPLICING; AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ANTIMICROBIAL CATIONIC PEPTIDES; BASE SEQUENCE; CELL LINE, TUMOR; COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY; CYTOKINES; DNA MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS; ENHANCER ELEMENTS (GENETICS); HUMANS; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES; LUCIFERASES; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; NUCLEIC ACID AMPLIFICATION TECHNIQUES; PROMOTER REGIONS (GENETICS); SEQUENCE DELETION; TRANSCRIPTION, GENETIC; TRANSFECTION; TRETINOIN;

EID: 34548319450     PISSN: 01615890     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2007.04.023     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Agerberth B., Charo J., Werr J., Olsson B., Idali F., Lindbom L., Kiessling R., Jomvall H., Wigzell H., and Gudmundsson G.H. The human antimicrobial and chemotactic peptides LL-37 and -defensins are expressed by specific lymphocyte and monocyte populations. Blood 96 (2000) 3086-3093
2. Bals R., Wang X., Zasloff M., and Wilson J.M. The peptide antibiotic LL-37/hCAP-18 is expressed in epithelia of the human lung where it has broad antimicrobial activity at the airway surface. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95 (1998) 9541-9546
3. Bals R., and Wilson J.M. Cathelicidins-a family of multifunctional antimicrobial peptides. Cell. Mol. Life. Sci. 60 (2003) 711-720
4. Bergman P., Johansson L., Asp V., Plant L., Gudmundsson G.H., Jonsson A.B., and Agerberth B. Neisseria gonorrhoeae downregulates expression of the human antimicrobial peptide LL-37. Cell. Microbiol. 7 (2005) 1009-1017
5. Boyum A. Separation of blood leucocytes, granulocytes and lymphocytes. Tissue Antigens 4 (1974) 269-274
6. Chappell S.A., Edelman G.M., and Mauro V.P. A 9-nt segment of a cellular mRNA can function as an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) and when present in linked multiple copies greatly enhances IRES activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 397 (2000) 1536-1541
7. De Y., Chen Q., Schmidt A.P., Anderson G.M., Wang J.M., Wooters J., Oppenheim J.J., and Chertov O. LL-37, the neutrophil granule- and epithelial cell-derived cathelicidin, utilizes formyl peptide receptor-like 1 (FPRL1) as a receptor to chemoattract human peripheral blood neutrophils, monocytes, and T cells. J. Exp. Med. 192 (2000) 1069-1074
8. Frohm M., Agerberth B., Ahangari G., Stahle-Backdahl M., Liden S., Wigzell H., and Gudmundsson G.H. The expression of the gene coding for the antibacterial peptide LL-37 is induced in human keratinocytes during inflammatory disorders. J. Biol. Chem. 272 (1997) 15258-15263
9. Frohm N.M., Sandstedt B., Sorensen O., Weber G., Borregaard N., and Stahle-Backdahl M. The human cationic antimicrobial protein (hCAP18), a peptide antibiotic, is widely expressed in human squamous epithelia and colocalizes with interleukin-6. Infect. Immun. 67 (1999) 2561-2566
10. Gray N.K., and Hentze M.W. Regulation of protein synthesis by mRNA structure. Mol. Biol. Rep. 19 (1994) 195-200
11. Gudmundsson G.H., Magnusson K.P., Chowdhary B.P., Johansson M., Andersson L., and Boman H.G. Structure of the gene for porcine peptide antibiotic PR-39, a cathelin gene family member: comparative mapping of the locus for the human peptide antibiotic FALL-39. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92 (1995) 7085-7089
12. Herwig S., Su Q., Zhang W., Ma Y., and Tempst P. Distinct temporal patterns of defensin mRNA regulation during drug-induced differentiation of human myeloid leukemia cells. Blood 87 (1996) 350-364
13. Islam D., Bandholtz L., Nilsson J., Wigzell H., Christensson B., Agerberth B., and Gudmundsson G. Downregulation of bactericidal peptides in enteric infections: a novel immune escape mechanism with bacterial DNA as a potential regulator. Nat. Med. 7 (2001) 180-185
14. Johansson J., Gudmundsson G.H., Rottenberg M.E., Berndt K.D., and Agerberth B. Conformation-dependent antibacterial activity of the naturally occurring human peptide LL-37. J. Biol. Chem. 273 (1998) 3718-3724
15. Kozak M. An analysis of 5′-noncoding sequences from 699 vertebrate messenger. Nucleic Acids Res. 15 (1987) 8125-8148
16. Lania L., Majello B., and De Luca P. Transcriptional regulation by the Sp family proteins. Int. J. Biochem. Cell. Biol. 29 (1997) 1313-1323
17. Larrick J.W., Lee J., Ma S., Li X., Francke U., Wright S.C., and Balint R.F. Structural, functional analysis and localization of the human CAP18 gene. FEBS. Lett. 398 (1996) 74-80
18. Lee J., Park E.H., Couture G., Harvey I., Garneau P., and Pelletier J. An upstream open reading frame impedes translation of the Huntington gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 30 (2002) 5110-5119
19. Martin D., Thomas T., Laure M., Abderrahmani A., Condorelli D.F., Waeber G., and Haefliger J.-A. Critical role of the transcriptional repressor neuron-restrictive silencer factor in the specific control of Connexin36 in insulin-producing cell lines. J. Biol. Chem. 278 (2003) 53082-53089
20. Pestonjamasp V.K., Huttner K.H., and Gallo R.L. Processing site and gene structure for the murine antimicrobial peptide CRAMP. Peptides 22 (2001) 1643-1650
21. Peyssonnaux C., Datta V., Cramer T., Doedens A., Theodorakis E.A., Gallo R.L., Hurtado-Ziola N., Nizet V., and Johnson R.S. HIF-1alpha expression regulates the bactericidal capacity of phagocytes. J. Clin. Invest. 115 (2005) 1806-1815
22. Schauber J., Svanholm C., Termén S., Iffland K., Menzel T., Scheppach R., Melcher R., Agerberth B., Luhrs H., and Gudmundsson G.H. The expression of the cathelicidin LL-37 is modulated by short-chain fatty acids in colonocytes: relevance of signalling pathways. Gut 52 (2003) 735-741
23. Schauber J., Iffland K., Frisch S., Kudlich T., Schmausser B., Eck M., Menzel T., Gostner A., Luhrs H., and Scheppach W. Histone-deacetylase inhibitors induce the cathelicidin LL-37 in gastrointestinal cells. Mol. Immunol. 41 (2004) 847-854
24. Siebert P.D., and Huang B.C.B. Identification of an alternative form of human lactoferrin mRNA that is expressed differentially in normal tissues and tumor-derived cell lines. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (1997) 2198-2203
25. Sorensen O., Arnljots K., Cowland J.B., Bainton D.F., and Borregaard N. The human antibacterial cathelicidin, hCAP-18, is synthesized in myelocytes and metamyelocytes and localized to specific granules in neutrophils. Blood 90 (1997) 2796-2803
26. Sorensen O., Bratt T., Johnsen A.H., Madsen M.T., and Borregaard N. The human antibacterial cathelicidin, hCAP-18, is bound to lipoproteins in plasma. J. Biol. Chem. 274 (1999) 22445-22451
27. Sorensen O.E., Follin P., Johnsen A.H., Calafat J., Tjabringa G.S., Hiemstra P.S., and Borregaard N. Human cathelicidin, hCAP-18, is processed to the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 by extracellular cleavage with proteinase 3. Blood 97 (2001) 3951-3959
28. Sorensen O.E., Cowland J.B., Theilgaard-Monch K., Liu L., Ganz T., and Borregaard N. Wound healing and expression of antimicrobial peptides/polypeptides in human keratinocytes, a consequence of common growth factors. J. Immunol. 170 (2003) 5583-5589
29. Tomasinsig L., and Zanetti M. The cathelicidins-structure and evolution. Curr. Protein Pept. Sci. 15 (2005) 23-34
30. Travis A., Hagman J., and Grosschedl R. Heterogeneously initiated transcription from the pre-B- and B-cell-specific mb-1 promoter: analysis of the requirement for upstream factor-binding sites and initiation site sequences. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11 (1991) 5756-5766
31. Van der Velden A.W., and Thomas A.A. The role of the 5′ untranslated region of an mRNA in translation regulation during development. Int. J. Biochem. Cell. Biol. 31 (1999) 87-106
32. Wolffe A.P. Sinful repression. Nature 387 (1997) 16-17
33. Wu H., Zhang G., Ross C.R., and Blecha F. Cathelicidin gene expression in porcine tissues: roles in ontogeny and tissue specificity. Infect. Immun. 67 (1999) 439-442
34. Wu H., Zhang G., Minton J.E., Ross C.R., and Blecha F. Regulation of cathelicidin gene expression: induction by lipopolysaccharide, interleukin-6, retinoic acid, and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection. Infect. Immun. 68 (2000) 5552-5558
35. Wu H., Ross C.R., and Blecha F. Characterization of an upstream open reading frame in the 5′ untranslated region of PR-39, a cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide. Mol. Immunol. 39 (2002) 9-18
36. Zaiou M., Nizet V., and Gallo R.L. Antimicrobial and protease inhibitory functions of the human cathelicidin (hCAP18/LL-37) prosequence. J. Invest. Dermatol. 120 (2003) 810-816
37. Zanetti M., Litteri L., Gennaro R., Horstmann H., and Romeo D. Bactenecins, defense polypeptides of bovine neutrophils, are generated from precursor molecules stored in the large granules. J. Cell. Biol. 111 (1990) 1363-1371
38. Zhao C., Ganz T., and Lehrer R.I. Structures of genes for two cathelin-associated antimicrobial peptides: prophenin-2 and PR-39. FEBS Lett. 376 (1995) 130-134
39. Zuker M. Calculating nucleic acid secondary structure. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 10 (2000) 303-310