Insoluble fraction of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) protein possessing cholesterol-binding properties that reduce micelle cholesterol solubility and uptake by Caco-2 cells

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

Volumn 55, Issue 15, 2007, Pages 6032-6038

  Metzger, Brandon T ^a,b   Barnes, David M ^b   Reed, Jess D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON   (United States)

^b Standard Process Inc   (United States)

Author keywords

Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench); BWP; Caco 2 cells; Cholesterol; Micelles

Indexed keywords

CHOLESTEROL; VEGETABLE PROTEIN;

ARTICLE; CELL STRAIN CACO 2; CHEMISTRY; FAGOPYRUM; HUMAN; METABOLISM; MICELLE; SOLUBILITY;

CACO-2 CELLS; CHOLESTEROL; FAGOPYRUM; HUMANS; MICELLES; PLANT PROTEINS; SOLUBILITY;

ANIMALIA; BOVINAE; FAGOPYRUM ESCULENTUM;

EID: 34547824564     PISSN: 00218561     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/jf0709496     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Guesry, P. R. Impact of 'functional food'. Forum Nutr. 2005, No. 57, 73-83.
2. Korhonen, H.; Pihlanto, A. Food-derived bioactive peptides - opportunities for designing future foods. Can. Pharm. Des. 2003, 9 (16), 1297-1308.
3. Ni, W.; Tsuda, Y.; Takashima, S.; Sato, H.; Sato, M.; Imaizumi, K. Anti-atherogenic effect of soya and rice-protein isolate, compared with casein, in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Br. J. Nutr. 2003, 90 (1), 13-20.
4. Appel, L. J. The effects of protein intake on blood pressure and cardiovascular disease. Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 2003, 14 (1), 55-59.
5. Potter, S. M. Overview of proposed mechanisms for the hypocholesterolemic effect of soy. J. Nutr. 1995, 125 (Suppl. 3), 606S-611S.
6. Carroll, K. K.; Kurowska, E. M. Soy consumption and cholesterol reduction: review of animal and human studies. J. Nutr. 1995, 125 (Suppl. 3), 594S-597S.
7. Li, S. Q.; Zhang, Q. H. Advances in the development of functional foods from buckwheat. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 2001, 41 (6), 451-464.
8. Berti, C.; Riso, P.; Brusamolino, A.; Porrini, M. Effect on appetite control of minor cereal and pseudocereal products. Br. J. Nutr. 2005, 94 (5), 850-858.
9. Di Cagno, R.; De Angelis, M.; Auricchio, S.; Greco, L.; Clarke, C.; De Vincenzi, M.; Giovannini, C.; D'Archivio, M.; Landolfo, F.; Parrilli, G.; Minervini, F.; Arendt, E.; Gobbetti, M. Sourdough bread made from wheat and nontoxic flours and started with selected lactobacilli is tolerated in celiac sprue patients. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2004, 70 (2), 1088-1096.
10. Mattila, P.; Pihlava, J. M.; Hellstrom, J. Contents of phenolic acids, alkyl- and alkenylresorcinols, and avenanthramides in commercial grain products. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2005, 53, 8290-8295.
11. Kayashita, J.; Shimaoka, I.; Nakajoh, M.; Yamazaki, M.; Kato, N. Consumption of buckwheat protein lowers plasma cholesterol and raises fecal neutral sterols in cholesterol-fed rats because of its low digestibility. J. Nutr. 1997, 127 (7), 1395-1400.
12. Tomotake, H.; Shimaoka, I.; Kayashita, J.; Yokoyama, F.; Nakajoh, M.; Kato, N. A buckwheat protein product suppresses gallstone formation and plasma cholesterol more strongly than soy protein isolate in hamsters. J. Nutr. 2000, 130 (7), 1670-1674.
13. Tomotake, H.; Shimaoka, I.; Kayashita, J.; Yokoyama, F.; Nakajoh, M.; Kato, N. Stronger suppression of plasma cholesterol and enhancement of the fecal excretion of steroids by a buckwheat protein product than by a soy protein isolate in rats fed on a cholesterol-free diet. Biosci., Biotechnol., Biochem. 2001, 65 (6), 1412-1414.
14. Tomotake, H.; Yamamoto, N.; Yanaka, N.; Ohinata, H.; Yamazaki, R.; Kayashita, J.; Kato, N. High protein buckwheat flour suppresses hypercholesterolemia in rats and gallstone formation in mice by hypercholesterolemic diet and body fat in rats because of its low protein digestibility. Nutrition 2006, 22 (2), 166-173.
15. Tomotake, H.; Shimaoka, I.; Kayashita, J.; Nakajoh, M.; Kato, N. Physicochemical and functional properties of buckwheat protein product. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2002, 50 (7), 2125-2129.
16. Wilson, M. D.; Rudel, L. L. Review of cholesterol absorption with emphasis on dietary and biliary cholesterol. J. Lipid Res. 1994, 35 (6), 943-955.
17. Wong, N. C. The beneficial effects of plant sterols on serum cholesterol. Can. J. Cardiol. 2001, 17 (6), 715-721.
18. Nissinen, M.; Gylling, H.; Vuoristo, M.; Miettinen, T. A. Micellar distribution of cholesterol and phytosterols after duodenal plant stanol ester infusion. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 2002, 282 (6), G1009-G1015.
19. Mel'nikov, S. M.; Seijen ten Hoorn, J. W.; Eijkelenboom, A. P. Effect of phytosterols and phytostanols on the solubilization of cholesterol by dietary mixed micelles: an in vitro study. Chem. Phys. Lipids 2004, 127 (2), 121-141.
20. Nagaoka, S.; Futamura, Y.; Miwa, K.; Awano, T.; Yamauchi, K.; Kanamaru, Y.; Tadashi, K.; Kuwata, T. Identification of novel hypocholesterolemic peptides derived from bovine milk β-lactoglobulin. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2001, 281 (1), 11-17.
21. Nagaoka, S.; Masaoka, M.; Zhang, Q.; Hasegawa, M.; Watanabe, K. Egg ovomucin attenuates hypercholesterolemia in rats and inhibits cholesterol absorption in Caco-2 cells. Lipids 2002, 37 (3), 267-272.
22. Nagaoka, S.; Shimizu, K.; Kaneko, H.; Shibayama, F.; Morikawa, K.; Kanamaru, Y.; Otsuka, A.; Hirahashi, T.; Kato, T. A novel protein C-phycocyanin plays a crucial role in the hypocholesterolemic action of Spindina platensis concentrate in rats. J. Nutr. 2005, 135 (10), 2425-2430.
23. Kayashita, J.; Shimaoka, I.; Nakajoh, M. Hypocholesterolemic effect of buckwheat protein extract in rats fed cholesterol enriched diets. Nutr. Res. 1995, 15, 691-698.
24. AOAC. Protein (Crude) Determination in Animal Feed: Copper Catalyst Kjeldahl Method (984.13), 15th ed.; Association of Official Analytical Chemists: Washington, DC, 1990.
25. Beveridge, T. H.; Li, T. S.; Drover, J. C. Phytosterol content in American ginseng seed oil. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2002, 50, 744-750.
26. Kreft, S.; Knapp, M.; Kreft, I. Extraction of rutin from buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) seeds and determination by capillary electrophoresis. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1999, 47, 4649-4652.
27. Quettier-Deleu, C.; Gressier, B.; Vasseur, J.; Dine, T.; Brunet, C.; Luyckx, M.; Cazin, M.; Cazin, J. C.; Bailleul, F.; Trotin, F. Phenolic compounds and anti-oxidant activities of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) hulls and flour. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2000, 72 (1-2), 35-42.
28. Ikeda, I.; Imasato, Y.; Sasaki, E.; Nakayama, M.; Nagao, H.; Takeo, T.; Yayabe, F.; Sugano, M. Tea catechins decrease micellar solubility and intestinal absorption of cholesterol in rats. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1992, 1127 (2), 141-146.
29. Kirana, C.; Rogers, P. F.; Bennett, L. E.; Abeywardena, M. Y.; Patten, G. S. Naturally derived micelles for rapid in vitro screening of potential cholesterol-lowering bioactives. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2005, 53, 4623-4627.
30. Murphy, G. M.; Billing, B. H.; Baron, D. N. A fluorimetric and enzymatic method for the estimation of serum total bile acids. J. Clin. Pathol. 1970, 23 (7), 594-598.
31. Cai, X.; Grant, D. J.; Wiedmann, T. S. Analysis of the solubilization of steroids by bile salt micelles. J. Pharm. Sci. 1997, 86 (3), 372-377.
32. Gylling, H.; Miettinen, T. A. The effect of plant stanol- and sterol-enriched foods on lipid metabolism, serum lipids and coronary heart disease. Ann. Clin. Biochem. 2005, 42 (Part 4), 254-263.
33. Plat, J.; Mensink, R. P. Plant stanol and sterol esters in the control of blood cholesterol levels: mechanism and safety aspects. Am. J. Cardiol. 2005, 96 (1A), 15D-22D.
34. Carey, M. C.; Small, D. M. The characteristics of mixed micellar solutions with particular reference to bile. Am. J. Med. 1970, 49, 590-608.
35. Hui, D. Y.; Howles, P. N. Molecular mechanisms of cholesterol absorption and transport in the intestine. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 2005, 16 (2), 183-192.
36. Young, S. C.; Hui, D. Y. Pancreatic lipase/colipase-mediated triacylglycerol hydrolysis is required for cholesterol transport from lipid emulsions to intestinal cells. Biochem. J. 1999, 339 (Part 3), 615-620.
37. Woollett, L. A.; Wang, Y.; Buckley, D. D.; Yao, L.; Chin, S.; Granholm, N.; Jones, P. J.; Setchell, K. D.; Tso, P.; Heubi, J. E. Micellar solubilisation of cholesterol is essential for absorption in humans. Gut 2006, 55 (2), 197-204.
38. Plat, J.; Mensink, R. P. Increased intestinal ABCA1 expression contributes to the decrease in cholesterol absorption after plant stanol consumption. FASEB J. 2002, 16 (10), 1248-1253.
39. Hussain, M. M.; Strickland, D. K.; Bakillah, A. The mammalian low-density lipoprotein receptor family. Annu. Rev. Nutr. 1999, 19, 141-172.
40. Friedland, N.; Liou, H. L.; Lobel, P.; Stock, A. M. Structure of a cholesterol-binding protein deficient in Niemann-Pick type C2 disease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2003, 100 (5), 2512-2517.