메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 33, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 570-585

Time and Cognitive Load in Working Memory

Author keywords

cognitive load; dual tasks; executive processes; time; working memory

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; HUMAN; LEARNING; LONG TERM MEMORY; PATTERN RECOGNITION; REACTION TIME; READING; SEMANTICS; SHORT TERM MEMORY; VERBAL BEHAVIOR;

EID: 34547437578     PISSN: 02787393     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0278-7393.33.3.570     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (454)

References (87)
  • 1
    • 0030171718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working memory: Activation limitations on retrieval
    • Anderson J.R., Reder L.M., and Lebiere C. Working memory: Activation limitations on retrieval. Cognitive Psychology 30 (1996) 221-256
    • (1996) Cognitive Psychology , vol.30 , pp. 221-256
    • Anderson, J.R.1    Reder, L.M.2    Lebiere, C.3
  • 3
    • 0004030013 scopus 로고
    • Clarendon Press, Oxford, England
    • Baddeley A.D. Working memory (1986), Clarendon Press, Oxford, England
    • (1986) Working memory
    • Baddeley, A.D.1
  • 5
    • 0034333066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The episodic buffer: A new component of working memory?
    • Baddeley A.D. The episodic buffer: A new component of working memory?. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 4 (2000) 417-423
    • (2000) Trends in Cognitive Sciences , vol.4 , pp. 417-423
    • Baddeley, A.D.1
  • 9
    • 0035743642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental increase in working memory span: Resource sharing or temporal decay?
    • Barrouillet P., and Camos V. Developmental increase in working memory span: Resource sharing or temporal decay?. Journal of Memory and Language 45 (2001) 1-20
    • (2001) Journal of Memory and Language , vol.45 , pp. 1-20
    • Barrouillet, P.1    Camos, V.2
  • 10
    • 0037968215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The complexities of complex span: Explaining individual differences in working memory in children and adults
    • Bayliss D.M., Jarrold C., Gunn D.M., and Baddeley A.D. The complexities of complex span: Explaining individual differences in working memory in children and adults. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 132 (2003) 71-92
    • (2003) Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , vol.132 , pp. 71-92
    • Bayliss, D.M.1    Jarrold, C.2    Gunn, D.M.3    Baddeley, A.D.4
  • 11
    • 0142085282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The chronological organization of memory: Common psychological foundations for remembering and timing
    • Hoerl C., and McCormack T. (Eds), Oxford University Press, Oxford, England
    • Brown G.D.A., and Chater N. The chronological organization of memory: Common psychological foundations for remembering and timing. In: Hoerl C., and McCormack T. (Eds). Time and memory: Issues in philosophy and psychology (2001), Oxford University Press, Oxford, England 77-110
    • (2001) Time and memory: Issues in philosophy and psychology , pp. 77-110
    • Brown, G.D.A.1    Chater, N.2
  • 12
    • 34548826583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brown, G. D. A., Neath, I., & Chater, N. (2002). SIMPLE: A local distinctiveness model of scale-invariant memory and perceptual identification. Unpublished manuscript.
  • 13
    • 0036432475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissociable contributions of prefrontal and parietal cortices to response selection
    • Bunge S.A., Hazeltine E., Scanlon M.D., Rosen A.C., and Gabrieli J.D. Dissociable contributions of prefrontal and parietal cortices to response selection. NeuroImage 17 (2002) 1562-1571
    • (2002) NeuroImage , vol.17 , pp. 1562-1571
    • Bunge, S.A.1    Hazeltine, E.2    Scanlon, M.D.3    Rosen, A.C.4    Gabrieli, J.D.5
  • 15
    • 33644818520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissociating arbitrary stimulus-response mapping from movement planning during preparatory period: Evidence from event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging
    • Cavina-Pratesi C., Valyear K.F., Culham J.C., Köhler S., Obhi S.S., Marzi C.A., and Goodale M.A. Dissociating arbitrary stimulus-response mapping from movement planning during preparatory period: Evidence from event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of Neuroscience 26 (2006) 2704-2713
    • (2006) Journal of Neuroscience , vol.26 , pp. 2704-2713
    • Cavina-Pratesi, C.1    Valyear, K.F.2    Culham, J.C.3    Köhler, S.4    Obhi, S.S.5    Marzi, C.A.6    Goodale, M.A.7
  • 16
    • 0036816929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concurrent performance of two memory tasks: Evidence for domain-specific working memory systems
    • Cocchini G., Logie R.H., Della Sala S., MacPherson S.E., and Baddeley A.D. Concurrent performance of two memory tasks: Evidence for domain-specific working memory systems. Memory & Cognition 30 (2002) 1086-1095
    • (2002) Memory & Cognition , vol.30 , pp. 1086-1095
    • Cocchini, G.1    Logie, R.H.2    Della Sala, S.3    MacPherson, S.E.4    Baddeley, A.D.5
  • 18
    • 33747781381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lexicality and interference in working memory in children and in adults
    • Conlin J.A., and Gathercole S.E. Lexicality and interference in working memory in children and in adults. Journal of Memory and Language 55 (2006) 363-380
    • (2006) Journal of Memory and Language , vol.55 , pp. 363-380
    • Conlin, J.A.1    Gathercole, S.E.2
  • 21
    • 0000834539 scopus 로고
    • Verbal memory span and the timing of spoken recall
    • Cowan N. Verbal memory span and the timing of spoken recall. Journal of Memory and Language 31 (1992) 668-684
    • (1992) Journal of Memory and Language , vol.31 , pp. 668-684
    • Cowan, N.1
  • 23
    • 0002839675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An embedded-process model of working memory
    • Miyake A., and Shah P. (Eds), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England
    • Cowan N. An embedded-process model of working memory. In: Miyake A., and Shah P. (Eds). Models of working memory: Mechanisms of active maintenance and executive control (1999), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England 62-101
    • (1999) Models of working memory: Mechanisms of active maintenance and executive control , pp. 62-101
    • Cowan, N.1
  • 24
    • 84981263306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The magical number 4 in short-term memory: A reconsideration of mental storage capacity
    • Cowan N. The magical number 4 in short-term memory: A reconsideration of mental storage capacity. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24 (2001) 87-185
    • (2001) Behavioral and Brain Sciences , vol.24 , pp. 87-185
    • Cowan, N.1
  • 26
    • 33845680328 scopus 로고
    • Verbal memory span in children: Speech timing clues to the mechanisms underlying age and word length effects
    • Cowan N., Keller T.A., Hulme C., Roodenrys S., McDougall S., and Rack J. Verbal memory span in children: Speech timing clues to the mechanisms underlying age and word length effects. Journal of Memory and Language 33 (1994) 234-250
    • (1994) Journal of Memory and Language , vol.33 , pp. 234-250
    • Cowan, N.1    Keller, T.A.2    Hulme, C.3    Roodenrys, S.4    McDougall, S.5    Rack, J.6
  • 28
    • 0026900985 scopus 로고
    • Varieties of numerical abilities
    • Dehaene S. Varieties of numerical abilities. Cognition 44 (1992) 1-42
    • (1992) Cognition , vol.44 , pp. 1-42
    • Dehaene, S.1
  • 30
    • 0028521024 scopus 로고
    • Dissociable mechanisms of subitizing and counting: Neuropsychological evidence from simultagnosic patients
    • Dehaene S., and Cohen L. Dissociable mechanisms of subitizing and counting: Neuropsychological evidence from simultagnosic patients. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 20 (1995) 958-975
    • (1995) Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , vol.20 , pp. 958-975
    • Dehaene, S.1    Cohen, L.2
  • 31
    • 18844381107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are "input monitoring" and "response selection" involved in solving simple mental arithmetical sums?
    • Deschuyteneer M., and Vandierendonck A. Are "input monitoring" and "response selection" involved in solving simple mental arithmetical sums?. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology 17 (2005) 347-370
    • (2005) European Journal of Cognitive Psychology , vol.17 , pp. 347-370
    • Deschuyteneer, M.1    Vandierendonck, A.2
  • 32
    • 33749341412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural correlates of fast stimulus discrimination and response selection in top-level fencers
    • Di Russo F., Taddei F., Apnile T., and Spinelli D. Neural correlates of fast stimulus discrimination and response selection in top-level fencers. Neuroscience Letters 408 (2006) 113-118
    • (2006) Neuroscience Letters , vol.408 , pp. 113-118
    • Di Russo, F.1    Taddei, F.2    Apnile, T.3    Spinelli, D.4
  • 33
    • 0014453449 scopus 로고
    • Over de snelheid van psychische processen [On the speed of mental processes]
    • Donders F.C. Over de snelheid van psychische processen [On the speed of mental processes]. Acta Psychologica 30 (1868) 412-431
    • (1868) Acta Psychologica , vol.30 , pp. 412-431
    • Donders, F.C.1
  • 35
    • 0001280128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual differences in working memory capacity and what they tell us about controlled attention, general fluid intelligence, and functions of the prefrontal cortex
    • Miyake A., and Shah P. (Eds), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England
    • Engle R.W., Kane M.J., and Tuholski S.W. Individual differences in working memory capacity and what they tell us about controlled attention, general fluid intelligence, and functions of the prefrontal cortex. In: Miyake A., and Shah P. (Eds). Models of working memory: Mechanisms of active maintenance and executive control (1999), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England 102-134
    • (1999) Models of working memory: Mechanisms of active maintenance and executive control , pp. 102-134
    • Engle, R.W.1    Kane, M.J.2    Tuholski, S.W.3
  • 36
    • 0023016444 scopus 로고
    • Routes to action in reaction-time tasks
    • Frith C.D., and Done D.J. Routes to action in reaction-time tasks. Psychological Research 48 (1986) 169-177
    • (1986) Psychological Research , vol.48 , pp. 169-177
    • Frith, C.D.1    Done, D.J.2
  • 37
    • 0031945486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serial attention within working memory
    • Garavan H. Serial attention within working memory. Memory & Cognition 26 (1998) 263-276
    • (1998) Memory & Cognition , vol.26 , pp. 263-276
    • Garavan, H.1
  • 38
    • 7244236483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delays of retention, processing efficiency, and attentional resources in working memory span development
    • Gavens N., and Barrouillet P. Delays of retention, processing efficiency, and attentional resources in working memory span development. Journal of Memory and Language 51 (2004) 644-657
    • (2004) Journal of Memory and Language , vol.51 , pp. 644-657
    • Gavens, N.1    Barrouillet, P.2
  • 40
    • 0030486681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of experimental design: The example of the Brown-Peterson paradigm
    • Greene R.L. The influence of experimental design: The example of the Brown-Peterson paradigm. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology 50 (1996) 240-242
    • (1996) Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.50 , pp. 240-242
    • Greene, R.L.1
  • 41
    • 0029869056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective interference with the maintenance of location information in working memory
    • Hale S., Myerson J., Rhee S.H., Weiss C.S., and Abrams R.A. Selective interference with the maintenance of location information in working memory. Neuropsychology 10 (1996) 228-240
    • (1996) Neuropsychology , vol.10 , pp. 228-240
    • Hale, S.1    Myerson, J.2    Rhee, S.H.3    Weiss, C.S.4    Abrams, R.A.5
  • 42
    • 85047681778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What limits children's working memory span? Theoretical accounts and applications for scholastic development
    • Hitch G., Towse J.N., and Hutton U. What limits children's working memory span? Theoretical accounts and applications for scholastic development. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 130 (2001) 184-198
    • (2001) Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , vol.130 , pp. 184-198
    • Hitch, G.1    Towse, J.N.2    Hutton, U.3
  • 44
    • 0026451760 scopus 로고
    • A capacity theory of comprehension: Individual differences in working memory
    • Just M.A., and Carpenter P.A. A capacity theory of comprehension: Individual differences in working memory. Psychological Review 99 (1992) 122-149
    • (1992) Psychological Review , vol.99 , pp. 122-149
    • Just, M.A.1    Carpenter, P.A.2
  • 47
    • 0001827113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insights into working memory from the perspective of the EPIC architecture for modeling skilled perceptual-motor and cognitive human performance
    • Miyake A., and Shah P. (Eds), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England
    • Kieras D.E., Meyer D.E., Mueller S., and Seymour T. Insights into working memory from the perspective of the EPIC architecture for modeling skilled perceptual-motor and cognitive human performance. In: Miyake A., and Shah P. (Eds). Models of working memory: Mechanisms of active maintenance and executive control (1999), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England 183-223
    • (1999) Models of working memory: Mechanisms of active maintenance and executive control , pp. 183-223
    • Kieras, D.E.1    Meyer, D.E.2    Mueller, S.3    Seymour, T.4
  • 48
    • 21244481391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What makes working memory spans so predictive of high-level cognition?
    • Lépine R., Barrouillet P., and Camos V. What makes working memory spans so predictive of high-level cognition?. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 12 (2005) 165-170
    • (2005) Psychonomic Bulletin & Review , vol.12 , pp. 165-170
    • Lépine, R.1    Barrouillet, P.2    Camos, V.3
  • 50
    • 19044368105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overwriting of phonemic features in serial recall
    • Lange E., and Oberauer K. Overwriting of phonemic features in serial recall. Memory 13 (2005) 333-339
    • (2005) Memory , vol.13 , pp. 333-339
    • Lange, E.1    Oberauer, K.2
  • 52
    • 34548832018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liefooghe, B., Barrouillet, P., Vandierendonck, A., & Camos, V. (2006). Working memory, task switching, and executive control in the time-based resource-sharing model. Manuscript submitted for publication.
  • 55
    • 85047684989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How are visuospatial working memory, executive functioning, and spatial abilities related? A latent-variable analysis
    • Miyake A., Friedman N.P., Rettinger D.A., Shah P., and Hegarty M. How are visuospatial working memory, executive functioning, and spatial abilities related? A latent-variable analysis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 130 (2001) 621-640
    • (2001) Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , vol.130 , pp. 621-640
    • Miyake, A.1    Friedman, N.P.2    Rettinger, D.A.3    Shah, P.4    Hegarty, M.5
  • 56
    • 85066285689 scopus 로고
    • The nature and locus of word frequency effects in reading
    • Besner D., and Humphreys G.W. (Eds), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ
    • Monsell S. The nature and locus of word frequency effects in reading. In: Besner D., and Humphreys G.W. (Eds). Basic processes in reading: Visual word recognition (1991), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ 148-197
    • (1991) Basic processes in reading: Visual word recognition , pp. 148-197
    • Monsell, S.1
  • 57
  • 58
    • 0025283146 scopus 로고
    • A feature model of immediate memory
    • Nairne J.S. A feature model of immediate memory. Memory & Cognition 18 (1990) 251-269
    • (1990) Memory & Cognition , vol.18 , pp. 251-269
    • Nairne, J.S.1
  • 59
    • 0036405912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Remembering over short-term: The case against the standard model
    • Nairne J.S. Remembering over short-term: The case against the standard model. Annual Review of Psychology 53 (2002) 53-81
    • (2002) Annual Review of Psychology , vol.53 , pp. 53-81
    • Nairne, J.S.1
  • 61
    • 0001281706 scopus 로고
    • Resources: A theoretical soup stone?
    • Navon D. Resources: A theoretical soup stone?. Psychological Review 91 (1984) 216-234
    • (1984) Psychological Review , vol.91 , pp. 216-234
    • Navon, D.1
  • 62
    • 0031280740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elementary cognitive processes in choice reaction time tasks and their correlates with intelligence
    • Neubauer A.C., and Knorr E. Elementary cognitive processes in choice reaction time tasks and their correlates with intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences 23 (1997) 715-728
    • (1997) Personality and Individual Differences , vol.23 , pp. 715-728
    • Neubauer, A.C.1    Knorr, E.2
  • 63
    • 1142310990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stimulus modality, perceptual overlap and the Go/No-Go N2
    • Nieuwenhuis S., Yeung N., and Cohen J.D. Stimulus modality, perceptual overlap and the Go/No-Go N2. Psychophysiology 41 (2004) 157-160
    • (2004) Psychophysiology , vol.41 , pp. 157-160
    • Nieuwenhuis, S.1    Yeung, N.2    Cohen, J.D.3
  • 65
    • 23844535435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of the contents of working memory: A comparison of two paradigms and two age groups
    • Oberauer K. Control of the contents of working memory: A comparison of two paradigms and two age groups. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 31 (2005) 714-728
    • (2005) Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , vol.31 , pp. 714-728
    • Oberauer, K.1
  • 69
  • 71
    • 0034595846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prefrontal cortex: Response selection or maintenance within working memory?
    • Rowe J.B., Toni I., Josephs O., Frackowiak R.S.J., and Passingham R.E. The prefrontal cortex: Response selection or maintenance within working memory?. Science 288 (2000) 1656-1660
    • (2000) Science , vol.288 , pp. 1656-1660
    • Rowe, J.B.1    Toni, I.2    Josephs, O.3    Frackowiak, R.S.J.4    Passingham, R.E.5
  • 72
    • 2442454776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the nature of forgetting and the processing-storage relationship in reading span performance
    • Saito S., and Miyake A. On the nature of forgetting and the processing-storage relationship in reading span performance. Journal of Memory and Language 50 (2004) 425-443
    • (2004) Journal of Memory and Language , vol.50 , pp. 425-443
    • Saito, S.1    Miyake, A.2
  • 74
    • 0035157993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral dominance for action in the human brain: The selection of actions
    • Schluter N.D., Krams M., Rushworth M.F.S., and Passingham R.E. Cerebral dominance for action in the human brain: The selection of actions. Neuropsychologia 39 (2001) 105-113
    • (2001) Neuropsychologia , vol.39 , pp. 105-113
    • Schluter, N.D.1    Krams, M.2    Rushworth, M.F.S.3    Passingham, R.E.4
  • 75
    • 77957064199 scopus 로고
    • A connectionist/control architecture for working memory
    • Bower G.H. (Ed), Academic Press, New York
    • Schneider W., and Detweiler M. A connectionist/control architecture for working memory. In: Bower G.H. (Ed). The psychology of learning and motivation (1987), Academic Press, New York 53-119
    • (1987) The psychology of learning and motivation , pp. 53-119
    • Schneider, W.1    Detweiler, M.2
  • 76
    • 0033461906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Processing differences between simple and choice reactions affect bottleneck localization in overlapping tasks
    • Schubert T. Processing differences between simple and choice reactions affect bottleneck localization in overlapping tasks. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 25 (1999) 408-425
    • (1999) Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , vol.25 , pp. 408-425
    • Schubert, T.1
  • 77
    • 0030094120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The separability of working memory resources for spatial thinking and language processing: An individual differences approach
    • Shah P., and Miyake A. The separability of working memory resources for spatial thinking and language processing: An individual differences approach. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 125 (1996) 4-27
    • (1996) Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , vol.125 , pp. 4-27
    • Shah, P.1    Miyake, A.2
  • 78
    • 0000360309 scopus 로고
    • Strategy choices in addition and subtraction: How do children know what to do?
    • Sophian C. (Ed), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ
    • Siegler R.S., and Shrager J. Strategy choices in addition and subtraction: How do children know what to do?. In: Sophian C. (Ed). Origins of cognitive skills (1984), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ 229-293
    • (1984) Origins of cognitive skills , pp. 229-293
    • Siegler, R.S.1    Shrager, J.2
  • 79
    • 0036790924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissociations within the anterior attentional system: Effects of task complexity and irrelevant information on reaction time speed and accuracy
    • Stuss D.T., Binns M.A., Murphy K.J., and Alexander M.P. Dissociations within the anterior attentional system: Effects of task complexity and irrelevant information on reaction time speed and accuracy. Neuropsychology 16 (2002) 500-513
    • (2002) Neuropsychology , vol.16 , pp. 500-513
    • Stuss, D.T.1    Binns, M.A.2    Murphy, K.J.3    Alexander, M.P.4
  • 80
    • 26944501288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response selection involves executive control. Evidence from the selective interference paradigm
    • Szmalec A., Vandierendonck A., and Kemps E. Response selection involves executive control. Evidence from the selective interference paradigm. Memory & Cognition 33 (2005) 531-541
    • (2005) Memory & Cognition , vol.33 , pp. 531-541
    • Szmalec, A.1    Vandierendonck, A.2    Kemps, E.3
  • 81
    • 34548829964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Szmalec, A., Verbruggen, F., De Baene, W., & Vandierendonck, A. (2006). The amount of executive control involved in a choice RT as a function of response conflict. Manuscript submitted for publication.
  • 84
    • 1342283522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reflections on the concept of the central executive
    • Andrade J. (Ed), Psychology Press, Philadelphia
    • Towse J.N., and Houston-Price C.M.T. Reflections on the concept of the central executive. In: Andrade J. (Ed). Working memory in perspective (2001), Psychology Press, Philadelphia 240-260
    • (2001) Working memory in perspective , pp. 240-260
    • Towse, J.N.1    Houston-Price, C.M.T.2
  • 85
    • 0011116971 scopus 로고
    • Proactive interference in short-term memory as a function of prior-item retention interval
    • Turvey M.T., Brick P., and Osborn J. Proactive interference in short-term memory as a function of prior-item retention interval. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 22 (1970) 142-147
    • (1970) Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.22 , pp. 142-147
    • Turvey, M.T.1    Brick, P.2    Osborn, J.3
  • 87
    • 85078650495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What everyone finds: The problem-size effect
    • Campbell J.D. (Ed), Psychology Press, New York
    • Zbrodoff N.J., and Logan G.D. What everyone finds: The problem-size effect. In: Campbell J.D. (Ed). Handbook of mathematical cognition (2005), Psychology Press, New York 331-345
    • (2005) Handbook of mathematical cognition , pp. 331-345
    • Zbrodoff, N.J.1    Logan, G.D.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.