Analysis of invariant meta-features for learning and understanding disable people's emotional behavior related to their health conditions: A case study

Proceedings - Sixth IEEE Symposium on BioInformatics and BioEngineering, BIBE 2006

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 357-369

  Bourbakis, N ^a,b   Esposito, A ^c   Kavraki, D ^b  

^a WRIGHT STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b AIIS Inc   (United States)

^c SECOND UNIVERSITY OF NAPLES   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH; FEATURE EXTRACTION; HEALTH CARE; INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY; WEARABLE COMPUTERS;

HEALTH BARRIERS; META-FEATURES; WEARABLE COMPUTING;

GESTURE RECOGNITION;

EID: 34547410747     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Conference Proceeding    
DOI: 10.1109/BIBE.2006.253301     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (140)

1. N. Bourbakis, A Neural-based KB using SPNGs in sequence of images, AIRFORCE & SUNY-B-TR-1991, 45 pages, Nov. 1991.
2. J.Gattiker & N.Bourbakis, Representation of Structural and Functional Knowledge using SPN Graphs, Proc. IEEE Conf. on SEKE 1995, MD.
3. N. Bourbakis, Cartoon based facial expressions using L-G&SPNGs, SUNY-B-TR-1997
4. J.Yamato, J.Ohya and Kenichiro, "Recognizing human action in time-sequential images using Hidden Markov Model", IEEE Conf CV. 1992, pp.379-385
5. C.Bregler, "Probabilistic Recognition of Human Actions", UCB-TR-May-1996, p.28 [06] C.Bregler, "Learning and Recognizing Human Dynamics in video sequences" IEEE Conf. on CVPR, Puerto Rico, June 1997
6. M.Yeasin and S.Chaudhuri, "Visual understanding of dynamic hand gestures", PR Journal 33,11,2000, 1805-1817.
7. P.Yaun, A.Mogzadeh, D.Goldman and N.Bourbakis A fuzzy-like approach to edge detection in colored images, IAPR Pattern Analysis and Applications. vol.4,4,272-282,2001
8. N.Bourbakis, Emulating human visual perception for measuring differences in images using an SPN graph approach, IEEE T-SMC, 32,2,191-201, 2002
9. Li, Yi; Hilton, Adrian; Illingworth, John, A relaxation algorithm for real-time multiple view 3D-tracking Image and Vision Computing Volume: 20, Issue: 12 October 1, 2002, pp. 841-859
10. McAllister, G.; McKenna, S.J.; Ricketts, I.W. Hand tracking for behavior understanding Image and Vision Computing Volume: 20, Issue: 12 October 1, 2002, pp. 827-840
11. Rittscher, J.; Blake, A.; Roberts, S.J. Towards the automatic analysis of complex human body motions Image and Vision Computing Volume: 20, Issue: 12 October 1, 2002, pp. 905-916
12. Gong, Shaogang; Ng, Jeffrey; Sherrah, Jamie On the semantics of visual behaviour, structured events and trajectories of human action Image and Vision Computing Vol. 20, Issue: October 1, 2002, pp. 873-888
13. Stauffer, C.; Grimson, W.E.L. Learning patterns of activity using real-time tracking IEEE T-PAMI, Vol: 22, Issue: 8, Aug 2000, pp.747-757
14. Haritaoglu, I.; Harwood, D.; Davis, L.S., W4: real-time surveillance of people and their activities IEEE T-PAMI, 22, 8, Aug 2000, pp. 809-830
15. Brand, M.; Kettnaker, V., Discovery and segmentation of activities in video IEEE T-PAMI, 22, 8, Aug 2000, pp. 844-851
16. Oliver, N.M.; Rosario, B.; Pentland, A.P., A Bayesian computer vision system for modeling human interactions IEEE T-PAMI, 22, 8, Aug 2000, pp.831-843
17. Ivanov, Y.A.; Bobick, A.F., Recognition of visual activities and interactions by stochastic parsing IEEE T-PAMI, 22, 8, Aug 2000, pp. 852-872
18. Junji Yamato, Jun Ohya, Kenichiro Ishii: "Recognizing Human Action in Time-Sequential Images using Hidden Markov Model", In Proceedings of IEEE Conf. on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition 1992
19. J. Yang, Xu Yangsheng and Chiou S. Chen, "Human Action Learning via Hidden Markov Model", IEEE T-SMC - Part A: Systems and Humans, vol. 27, Jan. (1997), 34-44.
20. Douglas Ayers and Mubarak Shah. "Monitoring Human Behavior in an Office Environment", Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision 1998.
21. Yaser Yacoob and Michael J. Black, "Parameterized Modeling and Recognition of Activities", Computer Vision and Image Understanding: CVIU, vol. 73, no. 2, pp. 232-247, 1999.
22. Pavlidis T, "Structural Pattern Recognition", Berlin, New York: Springer-Verlag, 1977.
23. K.S.Fu, J.K.Mu,"A Survey on Image Segmentation", Pattern Recognition, vol. 13, pp. 3-16, 1981.
24. R. Schettini, "Low-Level Segmentation of Complex Color Images", Signal Processing VI: Theories and Applications, pp. 535-538, 1992.
25. A. Moghaddamzadeh and N. G. Bourbakis, "A Fuzzy Region Growing Approach for Segmentation of Color Images", PR Society Journal of Pattern Recognition, vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 867-881, 1997.
26. Narendra Ahuja, Byong An and Bruce Schachter, "Image Representation Using Voronoi Tessellation", Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing, vol. 29, pp. 286-295, 1985.
27. Narendra Ahuja, "Dot Pattern Processing Using Voronoi Neighborhoods", IEEE Trans. on Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 336-342, 1982.
28. Alberto Sanfeliu and King-Sun Fu, "A Distance Measure Between Attributed Relational Graphs For Pattern Recognition", IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 353-362, 1983.
29. Ewa Kubicka, Grzegorz Kubicki and Ignatios Vakalis, "Using Graph Distance In Object Recognition", 1990 ACM Eighteenth Annual Computer Science Conference Proc., ACM, New York, NY, pp. 43-48, 1990
30. N. Bourbakis, "A Rule-Based Scheme For Synthesis Of Texture Images", Int. IEEE Conf. on systems, Man and Cybernetics, Fairfax, VA, pp. 999-1003, 1987.
31. Jason T.L., Wang,Bruce A., Shapiro, Dennis Shasha, Kaizhong Zhang and Kethleen M. Currey, "An Algorithm For Finding The Largest Approximately Common Substructures Of Two Trees", IEEE T-PAMI vol. 20, no. 8, pp. 889-895, 1998.
32. Yali Amit and Augustine Kong, "Graphical Templates For Model Registration", IEEE Trans. on Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 225-236, 1996
33. Andrew D.J. Cross and Edwin R. Hancock, "Graph Matching With A Dual-Step EM Algorithm", IEEE T-PAMI vol. 20, no. 11, pp. 1236-1253, 1998.
34. N.Bourbakis, J.Gattiker and G.Bebis, Representing and interpreting human activity and events from video, IJAIT, vol.12.1.2003
35. Hu MK, "Visual Pattern Recognition by Moments Invariants", IRE Transaction of Information Theory, IT. 8, pp. 179-187, 1962.
36. Stan Sclaroff and Alex P. Pentland, "Generalized Implicit Functions For Computer Graphics", ACM Computer Graphics, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 247-251, 1991.
37. T.Murata, Petri nets: properties, analysis and applications, Proc. of the IEEE,7,4,1989
38. H-G Kang and D.Kim, Real-time multiple people tracking using competitive condensation, Pattern Recognition Journal, vol.38, 7, pp. 1045-1058, 2005.
39. S. R. Goldenberg et. al, Behavior classification by eigen-decomposition of periodic motions, Pattern Recognition Journal, vol.38, 7, pp. 1033-1044, 2005.
40. C.Lerdsudwichai et.al., Tracking people with recovery from partial and total occlusion, Pattern Recognition Journal, vol.38,7, pp. 1059-1070, 2005.
41. N. Bourbakis, et.al, ANN based image chromatic adaptation for skin color adjustment, IJNNS, tba.
42. N.Bourbakis, Registration in sequence of images, ITRI-TR-2004
43. N. Bourbakis, Human Machine Interaction Theory: Motion analysis of multiple humans for guiding visual impaired, ITR-TR-2005.
44. Billard, A. and Dautenhahn, K.:Experiments in social robotics: grounding and use of communication in autonomous agents, Adaptive Behavior, 7(3/4), (2000), 415-438.
45. Granlund, G.: A Cognitive Vision Architecture Integrating Neural Networks with Symbolic Processing, Kunstliche Intelligenz, 2, (2005), 18-24.
46. Harnad, S.: Symbol Grounding and the Origin of Language. In Computationalism: New Directions, MIT Press, (2002), 143-158.
47. Harnad, S.: Categorical Perception. Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science. Nature Publishing Group, Macmillan, (2003).
48. Li, H. Olver, J. and Sommer, G.: Computer Algebra and Geometric Algebra with Applications. In Proc. IWMM 2004 and GIAE 2004, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, LNCS 3519, (2005), 258-277.
49. Fodor, J. & Pylyshyn, Z.:Connectionism-cognitive architecture: Acritique,Cognition,28,1988,3-71.
50. Gullapalli, V.: Reinforcement learning and its application to control. Ph.D., UMAS, Amherst, MA, (1992).
51. Pauli, J. and Sommer, G.: Perceptual organization with image formation compatibilities. Pattern Recognition Letters, 23, 2002, 803-817.
52. Sloman, A. and Chappel, J: The altricial-precocial spectrum for robots. In proceedings Int. Join Conf. on AI'05, 2005.
53. Wermter, S and Sun, R.: Hybrid Neural Systems. Springer, Heidelberg, New York, (2000).
54. E. J. Keogh and M.J.Pazzani, Learning the structure of augmented Bayesian classifiers, IJAIT, vol. 11, 4, 587-603, 2002
55. R.Setiono and A.Azcarraga, Generating concise sets of linear regression rules from ANNs IJAIT vol.11, 2, 189-202, 2002
56. I.A.Letia and D.Precup, Developing collaborative Golog agents by reinforcement learning, IJAIT, vo. 11, 2, 233-246, 2004
57. O.Telesis and P.Stamatopoulos, Guiding constructive search with statistical based learning, IJAIT, vol. 11, 2, 247-266, 2002
58. Enchanted Learning Software creates children's educational web sites and games designed to stimulate creativity, learning, enjoyment, and imagination, www.enchantedlearning.com.
59. Learning with disabilities, www.ldoline.org
60. Machine Learning, T. Mitcell, McGraw Hill 1997
61. Introduction to Machine Learning, N. Nilsson, http://ai.stanford.edu/ ~nilsson
62. Andreas Maurer, Bounds for Linear Multi-Task Learning, Journal on Machine Learning, 7(Jan):117-139, 2006.
63. Apolloni B., Aversano G., Esposito A., 2000. Preprocessing and Classification of Emotional Features in Speech Sentences. In Proc. of Inter. Workshop on Speech and Computer, pp.49-52, Y. Kosarev editor., the Russian Foundation for Basic Research.
64. Bartneck, C, 2000, Affective expressions of machines. Stan Ackerman Institute, Eindhoven.
65. Beattie G. W. (1981). Language and non-verbal communication: the essential synthesis. Linguistics, 19, 1165-1183.
66. Bryll R., Quek F., Esposito A., 2001. Automatic Hand Hold Detection in Natural Conversation. In Proc. of IEEE Workshop on Cues in Communication, Hawai, December 9, 2001.
67. Butterworth B. L., Hadar U. (1989). Gesture, speech, and computational stages: a reply to McNeill. Psychological Review, 96, 168-174.
68. Cassell, J., Nakano, Y., Bickmore, T., Sidner, C., and Rich, C. (2001) Non-verbal cues for discourse structure. Association for Computational Linguistics Joint EACL - 2001 ACL Conference.
69. Cassell, J., Vilhjalmsson, H., and Bickmore, T. BEAT: the Behavior Expression Animation Toolkit Proc. Of SIGGRAPH 2001.
70. Bachorowski, J.A. (1999). Vocal expression and perception of emotion. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 8, 53-57.
71. Breitenstein, C., et.al. The contribution of speech rate and pitch variation to the perception of vocal emotions in a German and an American sample. Cognition & Emotion, 15, 57-79 (2001).
72. Doyle, P., 1999, When is a Communicative Agent a Good Idea?. In Proc. Of Inter. Workshop on Communicative and Autonomous Agents, Seattle.
73. Ekman P. 1992a. Facial expression of emotion: new findings, new questions. Psychol. Science, 3, 34-38.
74. Esposito A., Duncan S., Quek F., 2002. Holds as gestural correlated to empty and filled pauses. In Proc. of ICSLP 2002, vol. 1, pp. 541-544, Colorado.
75. Esposito A., McCullough K. E., Quek F., 2001. Disfluencies in gesture: gestural correlates to filled and unfilled speech pauses. In Proc. of IEEE Workshop on Cues in Communication, Hawai, December 9, 2001.
76. Esposito A., Gutierrez-Osuna R., Kakumanu P., Garcia O.N., 2003, "Optimal data encoding for speech driven facial animation". Wright State University Tech. Rep. N. CS-WSU-04-02, Dayton, Ohio, USA.
77. Ezzat T., G. Geiger G., Poggio T., Trainable Video Realistic Speech Animation. In Proc. of SIGGRAPH, San Antonio, TX, July 2002, pp. 388-397.
78. Gutierrez-Osuna R., Kakumanu P., Esposito A., Garcia O.N., Bojorquez A., Castello J., Rudomin I., Speech-driven facial animation with realistic dynamic. In Press on IEEE Transactions on multimedia, also Wright State University Tech. Rep. N. CS-WSU-03-02, Dayton, Ohio, USA.
79. Kähler K., Haber, J. and Seidel, H, 2001. Geometry-based Muscle Modeling for Facial Animation. Proc. Inter. Conf. on Graphics Interface 2001, pp. 27-36
80. Kakumanu P., Gutierrez-Osuna R., Esposito A., Bryll R., Goshtasby A., Garcia O. N., 2001. Speech Dirven Facial Animation. In Proc. of ACM Workshop on Perceptive User Interfaces, Orlando, 15-16 Nov., 2001.
81. Krauss R., Morrel-Samuels P., Colasante C., 1991. Do conversational hand gestures communicate?. Jour. of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(5), 743-754.
82. McNeill D., 1992. Hand and Mind: What Gesture Reveal about Thought. University of Chicago Press.
83. Morishima S., 2001. Face Analysis and Synthesis. IEEE Signal Processing Mag. vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 26-34.
84. O'Reilly, W.S.N., 1996, Believable Social and Emotional Agents. Ph.D. Thesis at the Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA.
85. Ortony, A., et.al, 1988, The Cognitive Structure of Emotions. Cambridge University Press.
86. Ostermann J., 1998, "Animation of synthetic face in MPEG-4," in Proc. of Computer Animation, Philadelphia, June 8-10, 1998, pp. 49-51.
87. Overview of the MPEG-4 Standard. ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 M2725, Seoul, South Korea, 1999.
88. Rizzo, P., 1999. Emotional agents for user entertainment: discussing the underlying assumptions. In Proc. of the Inter. Workshop on Affect in Interactions, the EC I3 Programme, Siena.
89. Stocky, T. and Cassell, J. (2002) Shared Reality: Spatial Intelligence in Intuitive User Interfaces. Proc. of Intelligent User Interfaces,S. Francisco,CA,pp.224-225.
90. Tekalp M. J. Ostermann J., "Face and 2-D mesh animation in MPEG-4", Signal Processing: Image Communication, vol. 15, pp. 387-421, 2000.
91. Braun D., Mayberry J., Powers A., Sclicher S. (2004). The Geometry of the Hausdorff Metric, htpp.//faculty.gsvu.edu/schlicks/Hausdorff/paper.pdf
92. Busiello S. (2004). An algorithm to approximate discontinuous functions through fractals and its application to the synthesis and compression of sounds and images (in Italian). PhD thesis in Applied Mathematics, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Italy.
93. Buteau C., Mazzola G. (2000). From Contour Similarity to Motivic Topologies. In "Musicae Scientiae", European Society for Cognitive Sciences of Music (ESCOM), Vol IV, n. 2, pp.125-149, Fall 2000.
94. Di Lorenzo P. (2003). Chaos hidden in recorded monodic music: what is the role of timbre?". Proc. of UCM 2003, 3rd Conference "Understanding and Creating Music", Caserta, Dec. 2003, pp.11-15.
95. Di Lorenzo P. (2004). Music similarity via Nonlinear Time Series Analysis: A new reliable method?. In Proceedings Abstract of EMPG 04, Gent (Belgium), September 2004, 2-4.
96. Di Lorenzo P., Di Maio G., Scarpa M. T. (2002). To classify music via nonlinear time series analysis. "European Conference on Mathematical Psychology"EMPG 2002" - Bremen (Germany) 21-24.
97. Herman G. T. (1998). The Geometry of Digital Spaces, Birkhauser.
98. Hewlett W.B., Selfridge-Field, E. (eds) (1998). Melodic Similarity-Concepts, Procedures, and Applications. Computing in Musicology, 11, MIT Press, Cambridge.
99. Hofmann-Engl L (2001). Towards a cognitive model of melodic similarity. In Proceedings of the 2nd annual ISMIR, Bloomington, Indiana, 2001.
100. Klette R., Rosenfeld A. (2004). Digital Geometry, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers.
101. Naimpally S. (2002). All hypertopologies are hit-and-miss, Applied General Topology 3,2002, 45-53.
102. Sendov B. (2001), Hausdorff Distance and Image Processing, Russian Math. Surveys, 59, 2, 319-328.
103. Sabarese J, McWelling T.: Intellectual disabilities, Residential Care and Expressed Emotion: Functional Costs J. Developmental Disabilities, 11(2), 69-78 (2004)
104. John McEvoy, Yael Reid, Suzanne Guerin: Emotion recognition and concept of death in people with learning disabilities. The British Journal of Developmental Disabilities Vol. 48, Part 2, July 2002, No. 95, pp. 83-89
105. Caccioppo, J. T., Klein, D. J: Bernston, G.C., Hatfield, E.: The psychophysiology of emotion. In Haviland, M., Lewis, J. M. (eds) Handbook of Emotion, New York: Guilford Press, 119-142 (1993)
106. Fridlund, A. J.: The new ethnology of human facial expressions. In Russell J.A., Fernandez-Dols J. (eds.), The psychology of facial expression Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 103-129 (1997).
107. Frijda, N. H.: Moods, emotion episodes, and emotions. In Haviland, M., Lewis, J. M. (eds) Handbook of Emotion, New York: Guilford Press, 381-402 (1993)
108. Izard, C. E.: Basic emotions, relations among emotions, and emotion-cognition relations. Psychological Review, 99, 561-565 (1992)
109. James W.: What is an Emotion? First published in Mind,9,188-205,(1884). See http://psychclassics.asu.edu/James/emotion.htm.
110. Panksepp, J.: Affective neuroscience: A conceptual framework for the neurobiological study of emotions. In Strongman K (ed.) International Review of Studies of Emotions, Chichester, England: Wiley, 1, 59-99 (1991)
111. Argyle, M.: Bodily Communication. New York: Methuen & Co (1988)
112. Corraze, G.: Les communications nonverbales. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France (1980)
113. Rosenberg, B.G., Langer, J.: A study of postural-gestural communication. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2(4), 593-597 (1965)
114. Goldin-Meadow, S.: Hearing gesture: How our hands help us think. The Belknap Press at Harvard University Press (2003)
115. Kendon, A.: Gesture: Visible action as utterance. Cambridge University Press (2004)
116. McNeill, D.: Gesture and thought. Chicago: University of Chicago Press (2005)
117. ANVIL automatic tool for gesture annotation, http://www.dfki.de/~kipp/ anvil/web.html;
118. AR Face database, Purdue University, W-Lafayette, USA
119. Scherer, K. R., Banse, R., Wallbott, H. G.: Emotion inferences from vocal expression correlate across languages and cultures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 32, 76-92 (2001)
120. M. Pantic, I. Patras, and L. J. M. Rothkrantz, "Facial action recognition in face profile image sequences," in Proceedings IEEE International Conference Multimedia and Expo, 2002, pp. 37-40, http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/pantic02facial.html
121. T., Kanade, J., Cohn, and Y., Tian Comprehensive Database for Facial Expression Analysis Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG'00), March,2000, pp. 46-53.
122. P. Ekman -W. Frisen, Facial Action Coding System, Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press, 1978
123. G. Littlewort, M.S. Bartlett, I. Fasel, J. Susskind, and J.R. Movellan. Dynamics of facial expression extracted automatically from video. In IEEE CVPR, Workshop on Face Processing in Video, 2004, see http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/ 711804.html
124. A. Esposito and N. Bourbakis, "The role of timing on the speech perception and production processes and its effects on language impaired individuals", Proc. Int. IEEE Symposium on BIBE-06, Oct. 16-18, 2006, WDC
125. N. Bourbakis, "Associating motion-patterns of events from video", Proc. IEEE Conf. on TAI-06, WDC, Nov. 13-15, 2006
126. P. Kakumanu, N. Bourbakis and A. Esposito, "Recognizing facial expressions using Local-Global graphs for Blind", Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on TAI-06, WDC, Nov. 13-15, 2006
127. N .Bourbakis and P. Kakumanu, "Detection of Faces and Recognition of Facial Expressions", chapter in a book on Applied Pattern Recognition, KWP, 2006
128. Ahissar, M., Protopapas, A., Reid, M., Merzenich, M.: Auditory processing parallel reading abilities in adults. Proc. National Academic of Science, 97, 6832-6837 (2000).
129. Tallal, P.: Temporal or phonetic processing deficit in dyslexia? That is the question. Applied Psycholinguistics, 5, 13-24 (1984).
130. Tallal, P.: Fine-grained discrimination deficits in language-learning impaired children are specific neither to the auditory modality nor to speech perception. J. of Speech and Hearing Research, 33, 616-617 (1990).
131. Tallal P, et. al: Language comprehension in language-learning impaired children improved with acoustically modified speech. Science, 272,81-84 (1996).
132. Breier, J. I., Fletcher, J. M., Foorman, B. R., Klaas, P., Gray, L. C.: Auditory temporal processing in children with specific reading disability with and without attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J. of Speech Language and Hearing Research, 46, 31-42 (2003).
133. Heath, S.M., Hogben, J.H.: The reliability and validity of tasks measuring perception of rapid sequences in children with dyslexia. J. of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45(7), 1275-1287 (2004).
134. Mody, M.: Phonological basis in reading disability: A review and analysis of evidence. Reading & Writing, 16, 21-39 (2003).
135. Esposito, A., Di Benedetto, G.: Acoustical and perceptual study of gemination in Italian stops. JASA, 106(4), 2051-2061 (1999).
136. Esposito A.: The amount of information on emotional states conveyed by the verbal and nonverbal channels: Some perceptual data. In press on Proceedings of Workshop on Nonlinear Speech Processing (WNSP), LCNS, Crete, Greece, 25-28 Sept., Springer (2005).
137. Esposito, A.: Cross-modal analysis of signals: Multimedia corpora of speech, and gesture for the development of emotionally rich man-machine interfaces. Project submitted to Italian Minister of University and Scientific Research (MIUR), prot. 2003099933_004, 1-14 (2003).
138. Esposito, A.:The importance of data for training intelligent devices. In B. Apolloni, Kurfess C. (eds), From Synapses to Rules: Discovering Symbolic Knowledge from Neural Processed Data, 229-250, Kluwer Academic press, ISBN 0-306-47402-6, 2002.
139. N. Bourbakis, A. Esposito and D. Kavraki, A formal language for representing and generating sequences of facial patterns for studying emotional behavior, IEEE Symp. on RAT-07, tba.
140. N.Bourbakis, et. al.,Recognizing objects using wavelets and LG graphs, PR Society J. Pattern Recognition, to appear 2007