Tuning posture to body load: Decreases in load produce discrete sensory signals in the legs of freely standing cockroaches

Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology

Volumn 193, Issue 8, 2007, Pages 881-891

  Keller, Bridget R ^a   Duke, Elizabeth R ^a   Amer, Ayman S ^a   Zill, Sasha N ^a  

^a MARSHALL UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Force; Insect; Mechanoreception; Posture; Unloading

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; ARTICLE; BIOMECHANICS; BODY POSTURE; COCKROACH; MECHANORECEPTOR; MOVEMENT (PHYSIOLOGY); PHYSIOLOGY; SENSORY NERVE CELL; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; WEIGHT BEARING;

ANIMALS; BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL; BIOMECHANICS; COCKROACHES; MECHANORECEPTORS; MOVEMENT; NEURONS, AFFERENT; POSTURE; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; WEIGHT-BEARING;

EID: 34547190660     PISSN: 03407594     EISSN: 14321351     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00359-007-0241-y     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Alsop DM (1978) Comparative analysis of the intrinsic leg musculature of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana, L. J Morphol 58:199-242
2. Cruse H, Schmitz J, Braun U, Schweins A (1993) Control of body height in a stick insect walking on a treadwheel. J Exp Biol 181:141-155
3. Cruse H, Kindermann T, Schumm M, Dean J, Schmitz J (1998) Walknet-a biologically inspired network to control six-legged walking. Neural Netw 11:1435-1447
4. Delcomyn F (1991) Activity and directional sensitivity of leg campaniform sensilla in a stick insect. J Comp Physiol A 168:113-119
5. Dietz V, Colombo G (1998) Influence of body load on the gait pattern in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 13:255-261
6. Donelan JM, Pearson KG (2004) Contribution of sensory feedback to ongoing ankle extensor activity during the stance phase of walking. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 82:589-598
7. Dürr V, Schmitz J, Cruse H (2004) Behaviour-based modelling of hexapod locomotion: linking biology and technical application. Arthro Struct Dev 33:237-250
8. Duysens J, Clarac F, Cruse H (2000) Load regulating mechanisms in gait and posture, comparative aspects. Physiol Rev 80:83-133
9. Edin BB (2004) Quantitative analyses of dynamic strain sensitivity in human skin mechanoreceptors. J Neurophysiol 92:3233-3243
10. Ekeberg O, Pearson K (2005) Computer simulation of stepping the hind legs of the cat: an examination of mechanisms regulating the stance-to-swing transition. J Neurophysiol 94:4256-4268
11. Ekeberg O, Blümel M, Büschges A (2004) Dynamic simulation of insect walking. Arthro Struct Dev 33:287-300
12. Full RJ, Blickhan R, Ting LH (1991) Leg design in hexapedal runners. J Exp Biol 158:369-390
13. Gorassini MA, Prochazka A, Hiebert GW, Gauthier MJ (1994) Corrective responses to loss of ground support during walking. I. Intact cats. J Neurophysiol 71:603-610
14. Jacobs R, Macpherson JM (1996) Two functional muscle groupings during postural equilibrium tasks in standing cats. J Neurophysiol 76:2402-2411
15. Jöbges M, Heuschkel G, Pretzel C, Illhardt C, Renner C, Hummelsheim H (2004) Repetitive training of compensatory steps: a therapeutic approach for postural instability in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 75:1682-1687
16. Kemmerling S, Varjú D (1982) Regulation of the body-substrate-distance in the stick insect: step responses and modelling the control system. Biol Cybern 44:59-66
17. Larsen GS, Frazier SF, Fish SE, Zill S N (1995) Effects of load inversion in cockroach walking. J Comp Physiol A 176:229-238
18. Marchand AR, Liebrock CS, Auriac MC, Barnes WJP, Clarac F (1995) Morphology, physiology and in vivo activity of cuticular stress detector afferents in crayfish. J Comp Physiol A 176:404-424
19. Mazzaro N, Grey MJ, Sinkjær T (2005a) Contribution of afferent feedback to the soleus muscle activity during human locomotion. J Neurophysiol 93:167-177
20. Mazzaro N, Grey MJ, Sinkjær T, Andersen JB, Pareyson D, Schieppati M (2005b) Lack of on-going adaptations in the soleus muscle activity during walking in patients affected by large-fiber neuropathy. J Neurophysiol 93:3075-3085
21. Moran DT, Rowley JC, Zill SN, Varela F (1976) The mechanism of sensory transduction in a mechanoreceptor. Functional stages in campaniform sensilla during the moulting cycle. J Cell Biol 71:832-847
22. Nelson GM (2002) Learning about control of legged locomotion using a hexapod robot with compliant pneumatic actuators. Doctoral Thesis, Case Western Reserve University
23. Newland PL, Emptage NJ (1996) The central connection and actions during walking of tibial campaniform sensilla in the locust. J Comp Physiol A 178:749-762
24. Noah JA, Quimby L, Frazier SF, Zill SN (2001) Force receptors in cockroach walking reconsidered: discharges of proximal tibial campaniform sensilla when body load is altered. J Comp Physiol A 187:769-784
25. Noah JA, Quimby L, Frazier SF, Zill SN (2004a) Walking on a 'peg leg': extensor muscle activities and sensory feedback after distal leg denervation in cockroaches. J Comp Physiol A 190:217-231
26. Noah JA, Quimby L, Frazier SF, Zill SN (2004b) Sensing the effect of body load in legs: responses of tibial campaniform sensilla to forces applied to the thorax in freely standing cockroaches. J Comp Physiol A 190:201-215
27. Pai YC, Maki BE, Iqbal K, McIlroy WE, Perry SD (2000) Thresholds for step initiation induced by support-surface translation: a dynamic center-of-mass model provides much better prediction than a static model. J Biomech 33:387-392
28. Pang MY, Yang JF (2000) The initiation of the swing phase in human infant stepping: importance of hip position and leg loading. J Physiol 528:389-404
29. Pang MY, Yang JF (2002) Sensory gating for the initiation of the swing phase in different directions of human infant stepping. J Neurosci 22:5734-5740
30. Perry SD, McIlroy WE, Maki BE (2000) The role of plantar cutaneous mechanoreceptors in the control of compensatory stepping reactions evoked by unpredictable, multi-directional perturbation. Brain Res 877:401-406
31. Peterka RJ (2002) Sensorimotor integration in human postural control. J Neurophysiol 88:1097-1118
32. Pratt CA (1995) Evidence of positive force feedback among hindlimb extensors in the intact standing cat. J Neurophysiol 73:2578-2583
33. Pringle JWS (1938) Proprioception in insects. II The action of the campaniform sensilla on the legs. J Exp Biol 15:114-131
34. Quimby L, Zill SN (2004) Tuning posture and locomotion to body load: Common mechanisms of load sensing and disecrete changes in motor activities in walking in cockroaches. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 30, program no. 658.13
35. Quimby L, Amer A, Zill SN (2006) Common motor mechanisms support body weight in serially homologous legs of cockroaches in posture and locomotion. J Comp Physiol A 192:247-266
36. Ridgel A, DiCaprio R, Frazier S, Zill S (1999) Active signaling of leg loading and unloading in the cockroach. J Neurophysiol 81:1432-1437
37. Ridgel AL, Frazier SF, DiCaprio RA, Zill SN (2000) Encoding of forces by cockroach tibial campaniform sensilla: implications in dynamic control of posture and locomotion. J Comp Physiol A 186:359-374
38. Ridgel AL, Frazier SF, Zill SN (2001) Dynamic responses of tibial campaniform sensilla studied by substrate displacement in freely moving cockroaches. J Comp Physiol A 187:405-420
39. Ridgel AL, Frazier SF, Zill SN (2003) Post-embryonic development of cuticular caps of campaniform sensilla of the cockroach leg: potential implications in scaling force detection. Arthro Struct Dev 32:167-173
40. Ritzmann RE, Quinn RD, Watson JT, Zill SN (2000) Insect walking and bio-robotics: a relationship with mutual benefits. Bioscience 50:23-33
41. Schmitz J (1986a) The depressor trochanteris motoneurons and their role in the coxo-trochanteral feedback loop in the stick insect Carausius morosus. Biol Cybern 55:25-34
42. Schmitz J (1986b) Properties of the feedback system controlling the coxa-trochanter joint in the stick insect Carausius morosus. Biol Cybern 55:35-42
43. Sinkjaer T, Andersen JB, Ladouceur M, Christensen LO, Nielsen JB (2000) Major role for sensory feedback in soleus EMG activity in the stance phase of walking in man. J Physiol 523:817-827
44. Ting LH, Macpherson JM (2004) Ratio of shear to load ground-reaction force may underlie the directional tuning of the automatic postural response to rotation and translation. J Neurophysiol 92:808-823
45. Trulsson M (2001) Mechanoreceptive afferents in the human sural nerve. Exp Brain Res 137:111-116
46. Welch TDJ, Ting LH (2005) The initial burst of the human automatic postural response scales with the perturbation acceleration and velocity during quiet stance. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 31, program no. 56.11
47. Zill SN (1993) Mechanisms of load compensation in insects: swaying and stepping strategies in posture and locomotion. In: Beer R, Ritzmann R, McKenna T (eds) Biological neural networks in invertebrate neuroethology and robotics. Academic, San Diego, pp 43-68
48. Zill SN, Moran DT (1981a) The exoskeleton and insect proprioception. I. Responses of tibial campaniform sensilla to external and muscle generated forces in the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana. J Exp Biol 91:1-24
49. Zill SN, Moran DT (1981b) The exoskeleton and insect proprioception. III. Activity of tibial campaniform sensilla during walking in the American cockroach Periplaneta americana. J Exp Biol 94:57-75
50. Zill SN, Moran DT, Varela FG (1981) The exoskeleton and insect proprioception. II. Activity of tibial campaniform sensilla in the American cockroach Periplaneta americana. J Exp Biol 94:43-55
51. Zill SN, Frazier SF, Lankenau J, Jepson-Innes KA (1992) Characteristics of dynamic postural reactions in the locust hindleg. J Comp Physiol A 170:761-772
52. Zill S, Schmitz J, Büschges A (2004) Load sensing and control of posture and locomotion. Arthro Struct Dev 33:273-286