Sensing the effect of body load in legs: Responses of tibial campaniform sensilla to forces applied to the thorax in freely standing cockroaches

Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology

Volumn 190, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 201-215

  Noah, J A ^a   Quimby, L ^a   Frazier, S F ^a   Zill, S N ^a  

^a MARSHALL UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Campaniform sensilla; Legs; Load; Magnets; Posture

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; BODY POSTURE; COCKROACH; COMPARATIVE STUDY; LIMB; MAGNETISM; MOTOR ACTIVITY; MOVEMENT (PHYSIOLOGY); PHYSIOLOGY; PROPRIOCEPTION; RADIATION RESPONSE; SENSE ORGAN; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SENSORY GANGLION; THORAX; WEIGHT BEARING;

ANIMALS; COCKROACHES; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, RADIATION; EXTREMITIES; GANGLIA, SENSORY; MAGNETICS; MOTOR ACTIVITY; MOVEMENT; POSTURE; PROPRIOCEPTION; SENSE ORGANS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; THORAX; WEIGHT-BEARING;

EID: 2442441981     PISSN: 03407594     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00359-003-0487-y     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Akay T, Bässler U, Gerharz P, Büschges A (2001) The role of sensory signals from the insect coxa-trochanteral joint in controlling motor activity of the femur-tibia joint. J Neurophysiol 85:594-604
2. Alexander RM (1988) Elastic mechanisms in animal movement. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
3. Aniss AM, Diener HC, Hore J, Gandevia SC, Burke D (1990) Behavior of human muscle receptors when reliant on proprioceptive feedback during standing. J Neurophysiol 64:661-670
4. Bohnenberger J (1981) Matched transfer characteristics of single units in a compound slit sense organ. J Comp Physiol 142:391-402
5. Chang YH, Huang HW, Hamerski CM, Kram R (2000) The independent effects of gravity and inertia on running mechanics. J Exp Biol 203:229-238
6. Chapman KM, Smith RS (1963) A linear transfer function underlying impulse frequency modulation in a cockroach mechanoreceptor. Nature 197:699-700
7. Cruse H, Riemenschneider D, Stammer W (1989) Control of body position of a stick insect standing on uneven surfaces. Biol Cybern 61:71-77
8. Cruse H, Dautenhahn K, Schreiner H (1992) Coactivation of leg reflexes in the stick insect. Biol Cybern 67:369-375
9. Cruse H, Schmitz J, Braun U, Schweins A (1993) Control of body height in a stick insect walking on a treadwheel. J Exp Biol 181:141-155
10. Duysens J, Clarac F, Cruse H (2000) Load regulating mechanisms in gait and posture: comparative aspects. Physiol Rev 80:83-133
11. Eckweiler W, Seyfarth E-A (1988) Tactile hairs and the adjustment of body height in wandering spiders: behavior, leg reflexes, and afferent projections in the leg ganglia. J Comp Physiol 162:611-621
12. French AS, Torkkeli PH (1994) The time course of sensory adaptation in the cockroach tactile spine. Neurosci Lett 178:147-150
13. Full RJ, Tu MS (1991) Mechanics of a rapid running insect: two-, four- and six-legged locomotion. J Exp Biol 156:215-231
14. Full RJ, Blickhan R, Ting LH (1991) Leg design in hexapedal runners. J Exp Biol 158:369-90
15. Horak FB, Macpherson JM (1996) Postural orientation and equilibrium. In: Rowell L, Shepard J (eds) Handbook of physiology, sect 12. Integration of motor, circulatory, respiratory and metabolic control during exercise. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 255-292
16. Jacobs R, Macpherson JM (1996) Two functional muscle groupings during postural equilibrium tasks in standing cats. J Neurophysiol 76:2402-2411
17. Jankowska E (2001) Spinal interneuronal systems: identification, multifunctional character and reconfigurations in mammals. J Physiol (Lond) 533:31-40
18. Kemmerling S, Varjú D (1981) Regulation of the body-substrate-distance in the stick insect: responses to sinusoidal stimulation. Biol Cybern 39:129-137
19. Kemmerling S, Varjú D (1982) Regulation of the body-substrate-distance in the stick insect: step responses and modeling the control system. Biol Cybern 44:59-66
20. Kram R (1996) Inexpensive load carrying by rhinoceros beetles. J Exp Biol 199:609-611
21. Kram R, Full RJ (1997) Three-dimensional kinematics and limb kinetic energy of running cockroaches. J Exp Biol 200:1919-1929
22. Krauthamer V, Fourtner CR (1978) Locomotory activity in the extensor and flexor tibiae of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana. J Insect Physiol 24:813-819
23. Larsen GS, Frazier SF, Fish SE, Zill SN (1995) Effects of load inversion in cockroach walking. J Comp Physiol A 176:229-238
24. Libersat F, Clarac F, Zill SN (1987) Force-sensitive mechanoreceptors of the dactyl of the crab: single-unit responses during walking and evaluation of function. J Neurophysiol 57:1618-1637
25. Maloiy GM, Heglund NC, Prager LM, Cavagna GA, Taylor CR (1986) Energetic cost of carrying loads: have African women discovered an economic way? Nature 319:668-669
26. McIlroy WE, Maki BE (1993) Do anticipatory postural adjustments precede compensatory stepping reactions evoked by perturbation? Neurosci Lett 164:199-202
27. Milde JJ, Seyfarth E-A (1988) Tactile hairs and leg reflexes in wandering spiders: physiological and anatomical correlates of reflex activity in the leg ganglia. J Comp Physiol A 162:623-631
28. Neff D, Frazier SF, Quimby L, Wang R, Zill S (2000) Identification of resilin in the leg of the cockroach: confirmation by a simple method using pH dependence of UV fluorescence. Arthropod Struct Dev 29:75-83
29. Noah JA, Quimby L, Frazier SF, Zill SN (2001) Force receptors in cockroach walking reconsidered: discharges of proximal tibial campaniform sensilla when body load is altered. J Comp Physiol A 187:769-784
30. Nye SW, Ritzmann RE (1992) Motion analysis of leg joints associated with escape turns of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana. J Comp Physiol A 177:183-194
31. Pearson KG (1972) Central programming and reflex control of walking in the cockroach. J Exp Biol 56:173-193
32. Pratt CA (1995) Evidence of positive force feedback among hindlimb extensors in the intact standing cat. J Neurophysiol 73:2578-2583
33. Pringle JWS (1938) Proprioception in insects. II. The action of the campaniform sensilla on the legs. J Exp Biol 15:114-131
34. Prochazka A (1996) Proprioceptive feedback and equilibrium. In: Rowell L, Shepard J (eds) Handbook of physiology, sect 12. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 89-128
35. Prochazka A, Westerman RA, Ziccone SP (1977) Ia afferent activity during a variety of voluntary movements in the cat. J Physiol (Lond) 268:423-448
36. Puniello MS, McGibbon CA, Krebs DE (2000) Lifting characteristics of functionally limited elders. J Rehabil Res Dev 37:341-352
37. Ridgel AL, Frazier SF, DiCaprio RA, Zill SN (1999) Active signaling of leg loading and unloading in the cockroach. J Neurophysiol 81:1432-1437
38. Ridgel AL, Frazier SF, DiCaprio RA, Zill SN (2000) Encoding of forces by cockroach tibial campaniform sensilla: implications in dynamic control of posture and locomotion. J Comp Physiol A 186:359-374
39. Ridgel AL, Frazier SF, Zill SN (2001) Dynamic responses of tibial campaniform sensilla studied by substrate displacement in freely moving cockroaches. J Comp Physiol A 187:405-420
40. Schmitz J (1986a) The depressor trochanteris motoneurons and their role in the coxo-trochanteral feedback loop in the stick insect Carausius morosus. Biol Cybern 55:25-34
41. Schmitz J (1986b) Properties of the feedback system controlling the coxa-trochanter joint in the stick insect Carausius morosus. Biol Cybern 55:35-42
42. Schmitz J, Stein W (2000) Convergence of load and movement information onto leg motoneurons in insects. J Neurobiol 42:424-436
43. Smith JL, Carlson-Kuhta P (1995) Unexpected motor patterns for hindlimb muscles during slope walking in the cat. J Neurophysiol 74:2211-5
44. Spinola SM, Chapman KM (1975) Proprioceptive indentation of the campaniform sensilla of cockroach legs. J Comp Physiol 96:257-272
45. Stein W, Schmitz J (1999) Multimodal convergence of presynaptic afferent inhibition in insect proprioceptors. J Neurophysiol 82:512-514
46. Tryba AK, Ritzmann RE (2000) Multi-joint coordination during walking and foothold searching in the Blaberus cockroach. I. Kinematics and electromyograms. J Neurophysiol 83:3323-3336
47. Watson JT, Ritzmann RE (1998) Leg kinematics and muscle activity during treadmill running in the cockroach, Blaberus discoidalis. I. Slow running. J Comp Physiol A 182:11-22
48. Wendler G (1966) The co-ordination of walking movements in arthropods. In: Nervous and hormonal mechanisms of integration. Symp Soc Exp Biol 20:229-249
49. Zill SN (1987) Selective mechanical stimulation of an identified proprioceptor in freely moving locusts: role of resistance reflexes in active posture. Brain Res 417:195-198
50. Zill SN (1990) Mechanoreceptors and proprioceptors. In: Huber I, Masler, EP, Rao BR (eds) Cockroaches as models for neurobiology, vol II: applications in biomedical research. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp 247-267
51. Zill SN (1993) Load compensatory reactions in insects: swaying and stepping strategies in posture and locomotion. In: Beer RD, Ritzmann RE, McKenna T (eds) Biological neural networks in invertebrate neuroethology and robotics. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 43-68
52. Zill SN, Frazier SF (1990) Responses of locusts in a paradigm which tests postural load compensatory reactions. Brain Res 535:1-8
53. Zill SN, Jepson-Innes KA (1988) Evolutionary adaptation of a reflex system: sensory hysteresis counters muscle 'catch' tension. J Comp Physiol A 164:43-48
54. Zill SN, Moran DT (1981a) The exoskeleton and insect proprioception. I. Responses of tibial campaniform sensilla to external and muscle generated forces in the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana. J Exp Biol 91:1-24
55. Zill SN, Moran DT (1981b) The exoskeleton and insect proprioception. III. Activity of tibial campaniform sensilla during walking in the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana. J Exp Biol 94:57-75
56. Zill SN, Frazier SF, Lankenau J, Jepson-Innes KA (1992) Characteristics of dynamic postural reactions in the locust hindleg. J Comp Physiol A 170:761-772