Dynamic simulation of insect walking

Arthropod Structure and Development

Volumn 33, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 287-300

  Ekeberg, Örjan ^a,c   Blümel, Marcus ^b   Büschges, Ansgar ^b,c  

^a ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Sweden)

^b UNIVERSITY OF COLOGNE   (Germany)

^c Institute for Advanced Study Berlin   (Germany)

Author keywords

Central pattern generation; Neural control; Neuro mechanical simulation; Sensory control; Stick insect; Walking

Indexed keywords

BIOMECHANICS; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; FEEDBACK SYSTEM; FRICTION; INSECT; KINEMATICS; LEG MOVEMENT; LEG MUSCLE; MORPHOLOGY; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; NERVE CELL NETWORK; NERVE STIMULATION; NONHUMAN; PREDICTION; REVIEW; SENSORY NERVE CONDUCTION; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; WALKING;

INSECTA; PHASMATODEA;

EID: 3242752859     PISSN: 14678039     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2004.05.002     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Akay T., Bässler U., Gerharz P., Büschges A. The role of sensory signals from the insect coxa-trochanteral joint in controlling motor activity of the femur-tibia joint. Journal of Neurophysiology. 85:2001;594-604
2. Akay T., Haehn S., Schmitz J., Büschges A. Signals from load sensors underlie interjoint coordination during stepping movements of the stick insect leg. Journal of Neurophysiology. 2004;. in press
3. Alexander R.M. Elastic Mechanisms in Animal Movement. 1988;Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
4. Bässler U. Vom Chordotonalorgan gesteuerte Reaktionen bei der Stabheuschrecke Carausius morosus: Messung der von der Tibia erzeugten Kraft im aktiven und inaktiven Tier. Kybernetik. 16:1974;214-226
5. Bässler U. Reversal of a reflex to a single motoneuron in the stick insect Carausius morosus. Biological Cybernetics. 24:1976;47-49
6. Bässler U. Sensory control of leg movements in the stick insect Carausius morosus. Biological Cybernetics. 25:1977;61-72
7. Bässler U. Interaction of central and peripheral mechanisms during walking in first instar stick insects, Extatosoma tiaratum. Physiological Entomology. 4:1979;193-199
8. Bässler U. Neural Basis of Elementary Behavior in Stick Insects. 1983;Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg/New York
9. Bässler U. Afferent control of walking movements in the stick insect Cuniculina impigra. II. Reflex reversal and the release of the swing phase in the restrained foreleg. Journal of Comparative Physiology A. 158:1986;351-362
10. Bässler U. Functional principles of pattern generation for walking movements of stick insect forelegs: the role of the femoral chordotonal organ afferences. Journal of Experimental Biology. 136:1988;125-147
11. Bässler U. The femur-tibia control system of stick insects - a model system for the study of the neural basis of joint control. Brain Research Reviews. 18:1993;207-226
12. Bässler U., Büschges A. Pattern generation for stick insect walking movements - multisensory control of a locomotor program. Brain Research Revews. 27:1998;65-88
13. Bässler U., Wegner U. Motor output of the denervated thoracic ventral nerve cord in the stick insect Carausius morosus. Journal of Experimental Biology. 105:1983;127-145
14. Bässler U., Sauer A.E., Büschges A. Vibration signals from the FT-joint can induce phase-transitions in motoneuron pools of the stick insect walking system. Journal of Neurobiology. 56:2003;125-138
15. Bucher D., Akay T., DiCaprio R.A., Büschges A. Interjoint coordination in the stick insect leg-control system: the role of positional signaling. Journal of Neurophysiology. 89:2003;1245-1255
16. Büschges A. Identified nonspiking interneurons in leg reflexes and during walking in the stick insect. Journal of Comparative Physiology [A]. 174:1994;685-700
17. Büschges A., Schmitz J., Bässler U. Rhythmic patterns in the thoracic nerve cord of the stick insect induced by pilocarpine. Journal of Experimental Biology. 198:1995;435-456
18. Büschges A., Sauer A.E., Bässler U. Flexibility of a proprioceptive (feedback system results from its 'parliamentary' (distributed) organisation. Cruse H., Dean J., Ritter H. Prerational Intelligence: Adaptive Behavior and Intelligent Systems without Symbols and Logic. 2000;267-286 Kluwer, Dordecht
19. Cruse H. On the function of the legs in the free walking stick insect Carausius morosus. Journal of Comparative Physiology. 112:1976;235-262
20. Cruse H. Which parameters control the leg movement of a walking insect? II. The start of the swing phase. Journal of Experimental Biology. 116:1985;357-362
21. Cruse H. What mechanisms coordinate leg movement in walking arthropods. Trends in Neuroscience. 13:1990;15-21
22. Cruse H., Bartling C. Movement of joint angles in the legs of a walking insect, Carausius morosus. Journal of Insect Physiology. 41:1995;761-771
23. Cruse H., Schmitz J., Braun U., Schweins A. Control of body height in a stick insect walking on a treadwheel. Journal of Experimental Biology. 181:1993;141-155
24. Cruse H., Dean J., Kindermann T., Schmitz J., Schumm M. Walknet - a decentralized architecture for the control of walking behavior based on insect studies. Palm G. Hybrid Information Processing in Adaptive Autonomous Vehicles. 1999;Springer, New York
25. Cruse H., Bartling C., Dean J., Kindermann T., Schmitz J., Schumm M. A simple neural network for the control of a six-legged walking system. Winters J., Crago P. Biomechanics and Neural Control of Posture and Movement. 2000;231-239 Springer, New York
26. Delcomyn F. Activity and directional sensitivity of leg campaniform sensillae in a stick insect. Journal of Comparative Physiology A. 168:1991;113-119
27. Dickinson M.H., Farley C.T., Full R.J., Koehl M.A.R., Kram R., Lehman S. How animals move: an integrative view. Science. 288:2000;100-106
28. Duysens J., Clarac F., Cruse H. Load-regulating mechanisms in gait and posture: comparative aspects. Physics Review. 80:2000;83-133
29. Ekeberg Ö. Modeling of interactions between neural networks and musculoskeletal systems. de Schutter E. Computational Neuroscience, Realistic Modeling for Experimantalists. 2001;317-335 CRC-Press, New York
30. Epstein S., Graham D. Behaviour and motor output of stick insects walking on a slippery surface. I. Forward walking. Journal of Experimental Biology. 105:1983;215-229
31. Fischer H., Schmidt J., Büschges A. Pattern generation for walking and searching movements of a stick insect leg I. Coordination of motor activity. Journal of Neurophysiology. 85:2001;341-353
32. Graham D., Cruse H. Coordinated walking of stick insects on a mercury surface. Journal of Experimental Biology. 92:1981;229-241
33. Graham D., Wendler G. The reflex behavior and innervation of the tergo-coxal retractor muscles of the stick insect Carausius morosus. Journal of Comparative Physiology A. 143:1981;81-91
34. Graham D. Pattern and control of walking insects. Advances in Insect Physiology. 18:1985;31-140
35. Guschlbauer, C., Scharstein, H., Büschges, A., 2004. Muscle Properties and Force Production of Stick Insect Tibial Leg Muscles. Manuscript in preparation.
36. Hess D., Büschges A. Sensorimotor pathways involved in interjoint reflex action of an insect leg. Journal of Neurobiology. 33:1997;891-913
37. Hess D., Büschges A. Role of proprioceptive signals from an insect femur-tibia joint in patterning motoneuronal activity of an adjacent leg joint. Journal of Neurophysiology. 81:1999;1856-1865
38. Hofmann T., Bässler U. Anatomy and physiology of throchanteral campaniform sensilla in the stick insect, Cuniculina impigra. Physiological Entomology. 7:1982;413-426
39. Knop G., Denzer L., Büschges A. A central pattern-generating network contributes to 'reflex-reversal'-like leg motoneuron activity in the locust. Journal of Neurophysiology. 86:2001;3065-3068
40. Kubow T.T., Full R.J. The role of the mechanical system in control: a hypothesis of self-stabilization in hexapedal runners. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B. 354:1999;849-861
41. Pearson K.G. Common principles of motor control in vertebrates and invertebrates. Annual Reviews in Neuroscience. 16:1993;265-297
42. Schmitz J. Properties of the feedback system controlling the coxa-trochanter joint in the stick insect Carausius morosus. Biological Cybernetics. 55:1986;35-42
43. Schmitz, J., Schöwerling, H., 1992. No effects of coxo-trochanteral proprioceptors on extensor tibiae motor neurons in posture control. Proceedings of the 20th Göttingen Neurobiology Conference, pp. 118.
44. Storrer, J., 1976. Systemanalytische Untersuchungen am 'Kniesehnenreflex' der Stabheuschrecke Carausius morosus Br. (Orthoptera). Dissertation, Universität Kaiserslautern.