Organizational diversity, vitality and outcomes in the civil rights movement

Social Forces

Volumn 85, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 1561-1591

  Olzak, Susan ^a   Ryo, Emily ^a  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 34447532488     PISSN: 00377732     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/sof.2007.0076     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. Agresti, Alan, and Barbara F. Agresti. 1978. "Statistical Analysis of Qualitative Variation." Sociological Methodology 9:204-37.
2. American Association of Fund-Raising Counsel. 1989. Giving U.S.A.: The Annual Report on Philanthropy for the Year 1988. New York: AAFRC Trust for Philanthropy, Inc.
3. Andrews, Kenneth. 1997. "The Impact of Social Movements on the Political Process: The Civil Rights Movement and Black Electoral Politics in Mississippi." American Sociological Review 62:800-19.
4. 2001. "Social Movements and Policy Implementation: The Mississippi Civil Rights Movement and the War on Poverty, 1965 to 1971." American Sociological Review 66:71-95.
5. 2004. Freedom is a Continuous Struggle: The Mississippi Civil Rights Movement and Its Legacy. University of Chicago Press.
6. Andrews, Kenneth T., and Bob Edwards. 2004. "Advocacy Organizations in the U.S. Political Process." Annual Review of Sociology 30:479-506.
7. Armstrong, Elizabeth A. 2002. Forging Gay Identities. University of Chicago Press.
8. Baumgartner, Frank R., and Bryan Jones. 2002. Policy Dynamics. University of Chicago Press.
9. Bernstein, Mary. 1997. "Celebration and Suppression: The Strategic Uses of Identity by the Lesbian and Gay Movement." American Journal of Sociology 103:531-65.
10. Biggs, Michael. 2006. "Who Joined the Sit-ins and Why: Southern Black Students in the Early 1960s." Mobilization 66:241-56.
11. Blau, Peter M. 1977. Inequality and Heterogeneity. The Free Press.
12. Boone, Christophe, Arjen van Witteloostuijn and Glenn R. Carroll. 2002. "Resource Distributions and Market Partitioning: Dutch Daily Newspapers." American Sociological Review 67:408-31.
13. Box, George E.P., and Gwilyn M.M. Jenkins. 1976. Time Series Analysis: Forecasting and Control. Holden-Day.
14. Burstein, Paul, and William Fruedenburg. 1978. "Changing Public Policy: the Impact of Public Opinion, Antiwar Demonstrations, and War Costs on Senate Voting on Vietnam War Motions." American Sociological Review 84:99-122.
15. Burstein, Paul, and April Linton. 2002. "The Impact of Political Parties, Interest Groups, and Social Movement Organizations on Public Policy: Some Recent Evidence and Theoretical Concerns." Social Forces 81:380-408.
16. Cameron, A. Colin, and Parvin Trivedi. 1998. Regression Analysis of Count Data. Cambridge University Press.
17. Carroll, Glenn R., and Michael T. Hannan. 2000. Demography of Corporations and Industries. Princeton University Press.
18. Carroll, Glenn R., and Anand Swaminathan. 2000. "Why the Microbrewery Movement? Organizational Dynamics of Resource Partitioning in the U.S. Brewing Industry." American Journal of Sociology 106:715-62.
19. Clemens, Elisabeth S. 1997. The People's Lobby: Organizational Innovation and the Rise of Interest Group Politics in the United States, 1890-1925. University of Chicago Press.
20. Clemens, Elisabeth S., and Debra C. Minkoff. 2004. "Beyond the Iron Law: Rethinking the Place of Organizations in Social Movement Research." Pp. 156-70. The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements. David A. Snow, Sarah A. Soule and Hanspeter Kriesi, editors. Blackwell Publishing.
21. Cress, Daniel M., and David A. Snow. 2000. "The Outcomes of Homeless Mobilization." American Journal of Sociology 105:1063-1104.
22. Dao, James. 2004. "40 Years Later, Civil Rights Makes Page One." The New York Times. July 13. Pp. A1 and A17.
23. Davis, Gerald F., Doug McAdam, W. Richard Scott and Mayer Zald. 2005. Social Movements and Organization Theory. Cambridge University Press.
24. DiMaggio, Paul, and Walter Powell. 1983. "The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields." American Sociological Review 48:147-60.
25. Downs, Anthony. 1967. Inside Bureaucracy. Little, Brown.
26. Earl, Jennifer, Andrew Martin, John D. McCarthy and Sarah A. Soule. 2004. "The Use of Newspapers in Studying Collective Action." Annual Review of Sociology 30:65-80.
27. Gamson, Joshua. 1996. "The Organizational Shaping of Collective Identity: The Case of Lesbian and Gay Film Festivals in New York." Sociological Forum 11:231-61.
28. Gamson, William A. 1990. The Strategy of Social Protest. Wadsworth.
29. Goldstone, Jack A., and Charles Tilly. 2001. "Threat (and Opportunity): Popular Action and State Response in the Dynamics of Contentious Action." Pp. 179-94. Silence and Voice in the Study of Contentious Politics. Ronald R. Aminzade, et al., editors. Cambridge University Press.
30. Giugni, Marco, Doug McAdam and Charles Tilly. Editors. 1999. How Social Movements Matter. University of Minnesota Press.
31. Greve, Henrich R., Jo-Ellen Pozner and Hayagreeva Rao. 2006. "Vox Populi: Resource Partitioning, Organizational Proliferation and the Cultural Impact of the Insurgent Micro-Radio Movement." American Journal of Sociology 112:802-37.
32. Haines, Herbert H. 1984. "Black Radicalization and the Funding of Civil Rights: 1957-1970." Social Problems 32:31-43.
33. Hannan, Michael T. 2005. "Ecologies of Organizations: Diversity and Identity." Journal of Economic Perspectives 19:51-70.
34. Hannan, Michael T., and John Freeman. 1984. "Structural Inertia and Organizational Change." American Sociological Review 49:149-64.
35. 1986. "Where Do Organizational Forms Come From?" Sociological Forum 1:50-57.
36. 1987. "The Ecology of Organizational Mortality: American Labor Unions, 1836-1985." American Journal of Sociology 92:910-43.
37. 1989. Organizational Ecology. Harvard University Press.
38. Hsu, Greta, and Michael T. Hannan. 2005. "Identities, Genres, and Organizational Forms." Organization Science 16:474-90.
39. Isaac, Larry, and Lars Christiansen. 2002. "How the Civil Rights Movement Revitalized Labor Militancy." American Sociological Review 67:722-46.
40. Jenkins, J. Craig, and Craig M. Eckert. 1986. "Channeling Black Insurgency: Elite Patronage and Professional Social Movement Organizations in the Development of Black Movement." American Sociological Review 51:812-29.
41. Jenkins, J. Craig, David Jacobs and Jon Agnone. 2003. "Political Opportunities and African-American Protest, 1948-1997." American Journal of Sociology 109:277-303.
42. Johnston, Hank. 2002. "Verification and Proof in Frame and Discourse Analysis." Pp. 62-91. Methods of Social Movement Research. Bert Klandermans and Suzanne Staggenborg, editors. University of Minnesota Press.
43. Kitschelt, Herbert. 1986. "Political Opportunity Structures and Political Protest: Anti-Nuclear Movements in Four Democracies." British Journal of Political Science 16:57-85.
44. McAdam, Doug. 1982. Political Process and the Politics of Black Insurgency, 1930-1970. University of Chicago Press.
45. 1983. "Tactical Innovation and the Pace of Insurgency." American Sociological Review 48:735-54.
46. McAdam, Doug, and Yang Su. 2002. "The War At Home: Antiwar Protests and Congressional Voting, 1965 to 1973." American Sociological Review 67:696-721.
47. McAdam, Doug, John McCarthy and Mayer N. Zald. 1988. "Social Movements." Pp. 695-737. Handbook of Sociology. Neil J. Smelser, editor. Sage Publications.
48. McCarthy, John D., Clark McPhail, Jackie Smith. 1996. "Images of Protest: Dimensions of Selection Bias in Media Coverage of Washington Demonstrations, 1982 and 1991." American Sociological Review 61:478-99.
49. McCarthy, John D., and Mayer Zald. 1977. "Resource Mobilization and Social Movements: A Partial Theory." American Journal of Sociology 82:1212-41.
50. Meyer, David S. 2004. "Protest and Political Opportunities." Annual Review of Sociology 30:125-45.
51. Meyer, David S., and Debra Minkoff. 2004. "Conceptualizing Political Opportunity." Social Forces 82:1457-92.
52. Minkoff, Debra C. 1991. "Organized Social Action: American Women's and Minority Group Organizational Responses to Inequality, 1955-1985." Ph.D. Dissertation. Harvard University.
53. 1994. "From Service Provision to Institutional Advocacy: The Shifting Legitimacy of Organizational Forms." Social Forces 72:943-69.
54. 1995a. Organizing for Equality: The Evolution of Women's and Racial-Ethnic Organizations in America, 1955-1985. Rutgers University Press.
55. 1995b. "Interorganizational Influences on the Founding of African-American Organizations, 1955-1985." Sociological Forum 10:51-79.
56. 1997. "The Sequencing of Social Movements." American Sociological Review 62:779-99.
57. 1999. "Bending with the Wind: Strategic Change and Adaptation by Women's and Racial Minority Organizations." American Journal of Sociology 101:1592-1627.
58. Minkoff, Debra C., and John D. McCarthy. 2005. "Reinvigorating the Study of Organizational Processes in Social Movement." Mobilization: An International Journal 10:401-21.
59. Morris, Aldon D. 1984. The Origins of the Civil Rights Movement: Black Communities Organizing for Change. The Free Press.
60. 1993. "Birmingham Confrontation Reconsidered: An Analysis of the Dynamics and Tactics of Mobilization." American Sociological Review 58:621-36.
61. Myers, Daniel J., and Beth Schaefer Caniglia. 2004. "All the Rioting That's Fit to Print: Selection Bias in National Newspaper Coverage of Civil Disorders, 1968-1969." American Sociological Review 69:519-43.
62. Oberschall, Anthony. 1973. Social Conflict and Social Movements. Prentice-Hall.
63. Oliver, Pamela E., and Gregory Maney. 2000. "Political Processes and Local Newspaper Coverage of Protest Events: From Selection Bias to Triadic Interactions." American Journal of Sociology 106:463-505.
64. Olzak, Susan, and Elizabeth West. 1995. Ethnic Collective Action in Contemporary Urban U.S. A project description and coding manual. Stanford, CA: Department of Sociology, Stanford University.
65. Rao, Hayagreeva, Calvin Morrill and Mayer Zald. 2000. "Power Plays: Social Movements, Collective Action and New Organizational Forms." Research in Organizational Behavior 22:237-82.
66. Rao, Hayagreeva, Philippe Monin and Rodolfphe Durand. 2003. "Institutional Change in Toque Ville: Nouvelle Cuisine as an Identity Movement in French Gastronomy." American Journal of Sociology 108:795-843.
67. Scott, W. Richard. 1995. Institutions and Organizations. Sage Publications.
68. Snow, David A., E. Burke Rochford, Jr., Steven K. Worden and Robert D. Benford. 1986. "Frame Alignment Processes, Micromobilization, and Movement Participation." American Sociological Review 51:464-81.
69. Soule, Sarah A., and Susan Olzak. 2004. "When Do Movements Matter? The Politics of Contingency and the Equal Rights Amendment." American Sociological Review 69:473-97.
70. Soule, Sarah A., and Brayden King. 2006. "The Impact of Social Movements At Stages of the Policy Process: The Equal Rights Amendment, 1972-1982." American Journal of Sociology 111:1871-1909.
71. Stern, Charlotta. 1999. "The Evolution of Social-Movement Organizations: Niche Competition in Social Space." European Sociological Review 15:91-105.
72. Tarrow, Sidney. 1988. "Old Movements in New Cycles of Protest: The Career of An Italian Religious Community." International Social Movement Research 1:281-304.
73. 1998. Power in Movement: Social Movements and Contentious Politics. Cambridge University Press.
74. Taylor, Verta, and Nella Van Dyke. 2004. "'Get up, Stand Up': Tactical Repertoires of Social Movements." Pp. 262-93. The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements. David A. Snow, Sarah A. Soule and Hanspeter Kriesi, editors. Blackwell Publishing.
75. Tilly, Charles. 2002. "Event Catalogs and Theories." Sociological Theory 20:248-54.