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1
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Ranibizumab versus verteporfin for neovascular age-related macular degeneration
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••], this paper describes an extremely important advance in the area of AMD treatment that uses antibodies to vascular endothelial growth factor to inhibit neovascularization. Unfortunately, space considerations have not permitted an in-depth discussion of AMD treatment in this review, but readers should be aware of this groundbreaking therapy.
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••], this paper describes an extremely important advance in the area of AMD treatment that uses antibodies to vascular endothelial growth factor to inhibit neovascularization. Unfortunately, space considerations have not permitted an in-depth discussion of AMD treatment in this review, but readers should be aware of this groundbreaking therapy.
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•] of AMD from the molecular to the clinical level serve as excellent primers to this disease and are two of the best to date. They highlight the complex pathophysiology that leads to this heterogeneous disease.
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•] of AMD from the molecular to the clinical level serve as excellent primers to this disease and are two of the best to date. They highlight the complex pathophysiology that leads to this heterogeneous disease.
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This paper identifies a potential functional mutation associated with AMD in the 10q26 linkage region by abandoning the conventional wisdom that the functional mutation is located in the hypothetical gene LOC38715. The authors show that there is little homology across species at the hypothetical locus and identify an polymorphism in the HTRA1 promoter through exhaustive sequencing of the region.
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Dewan A., Liu M., Hartman S., Zhang S.S., Liu D.T., Zhao C., Tam P.O., Chan W.M., Lam D.S., Snyder M., et al. HTRA1 promoter polymorphism in wet age-related macular degeneration. Science 314 (2006) 989-992. This paper identifies a potential functional mutation associated with AMD in the 10q26 linkage region by abandoning the conventional wisdom that the functional mutation is located in the hypothetical gene LOC38715. The authors show that there is little homology across species at the hypothetical locus and identify an polymorphism in the HTRA1 promoter through exhaustive sequencing of the region.
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Science
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Dewan, A.1
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The authors compile a mountain of genetic data that has been collected over the past decade or so and perform a meta-analysis to identify the most promising regions for AMD susceptibility loci. Two of these 'top' regions have subsequently had functional variants localized within them - a testament to the thorough analysis presented in this paper.
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Fisher S.A., Abecasis G.R., Yashar B.M., Zareparsi S., Swaroop A., Iyengar S.K., Klein B.E., Klein R., Lee K.E., Majewski J., et al. Meta-analysis of genome scans of age-related macular degeneration. Hum Mol Genet 14 (2005) 2257-2264. The authors compile a mountain of genetic data that has been collected over the past decade or so and perform a meta-analysis to identify the most promising regions for AMD susceptibility loci. Two of these 'top' regions have subsequently had functional variants localized within them - a testament to the thorough analysis presented in this paper.
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This paper represents one of the first successful whole-genome association studies and is the first to identify a functional variant related to AMD. The authors present both the SNP association study and functional data to support the evidence that a coding polymorphism is the variant of interest.
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Klein R.J., Zeiss C., Chew E.Y., Tsai J.Y., Sackler R.S., Haynes C., Henning A.K., Sangiovanni J.P., Mane S.M., Mayne S.T., et al. Complement factor H polymorphism in age-related macular degeneration. Science 308 (2005) 385-389. This paper represents one of the first successful whole-genome association studies and is the first to identify a functional variant related to AMD. The authors present both the SNP association study and functional data to support the evidence that a coding polymorphism is the variant of interest.
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Klein, R.J.1
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A common CFH haplotype, with deletion of CFHR1 and CFHR3, is associated with lower risk of age-related macular degeneration
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Exploring the CFH gene cluster further, the authors identify a haplotype containing a deletion of two CFH-related genes that decreases the risk of developing AMD. This deletion has implications not only for AMD susceptibility, but also gives insight into how the alternative complement pathway might be regulated by suggesting that the CFH-related proteins interfere with CFH binding to C3b.
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Hughes A.E., Orr N., Esfandiary H., Diaz-Torres M., Goodship T., and Chakravarthy U. A common CFH haplotype, with deletion of CFHR1 and CFHR3, is associated with lower risk of age-related macular degeneration. Nat Genet 38 (2006) 1173-1177. Exploring the CFH gene cluster further, the authors identify a haplotype containing a deletion of two CFH-related genes that decreases the risk of developing AMD. This deletion has implications not only for AMD susceptibility, but also gives insight into how the alternative complement pathway might be regulated by suggesting that the CFH-related proteins interfere with CFH binding to C3b.
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Magnusson K.P., Duan S., Sigurdsson H., Petursson H., Yang Z., Zhao Y., Bernstein P.S., Ge J., Jonasson F., Stefansson E., et al. CFH Y402H confers similar risk of soft drusen and both forms of advanced AMD. PLoS Med 3 (2006) e5
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Complement factor H polymorphisms in Japanese population with age-related macular degeneration
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This paper solidifies the hypothesis that it is the alternative complement pathway that is most important in the pathogenesis of AMD. It highlights the notion that all components of the complement pathway must be screened for variants related to AMD.
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Kardys I., Klaver C.C., Despriet D.D., Bergen A.A., Uitterlinden A.G., Hofman A., Oostra B.A., Van Duijn C.M., de Jong P.T., and Witteman J.C. A common polymorphism in the complement factor H gene is associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction: the Rotterdam Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 47 (2006) 1568-1575
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Johnson P.T., Betts K.E., Radeke M.J., Hageman G.S., Anderson D.H., and Johnson L.V. Individuals homozygous for the age-related macular degeneration risk-conferring variant of complement factor H have elevated levels of CRP in the choroids. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103 (2006) 17456-17461. This is the first paper to provide a functional link between increased CRP and the CFH Y402H variant, supporting the idea that CRP has a role in AMD pathogenesis.
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Rivera A., Fisher S.A., Fritsche L.G., Keilhauer C.N., Lichtner P., Meitinger T., and Weber B.H. Hypothetical LOC387715 is a second major susceptibility gene for age-related macular degeneration, contributing independently of complement factor H to disease risk. Hum Mol Genet 14 (2005) 3227-3236
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