Synchronising the availability of amino acids and glucose increases protein retention in pigs

Animal

Volumn 1, Issue 5, 2007, Pages 666-674

  Van Den Borne, J J G C ^a   Schrama, J W ^a   Heetkamp, M J W ^a   Verstegen, M W A ^a   Gerrits, W J J ^a  

^a WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Carbohydrates; Energy; Nutrient synchrony; Pigs; Protein

Indexed keywords

AMINO ACID; CARBOHYDRATE; GLUCOSE; ORGANIC MATTER; POLYSACCHARIDE; PROTEIN;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL FOOD; ANIMAL HOUSING; ARTICLE; BODY FAT; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIGESTION; ENERGY BALANCE; ENERGY METABOLISM; MALE; NITROGEN BALANCE; NONHUMAN; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; OXIDATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN METABOLISM; SWINE; THERMOGENESIS;

SUIDAE;

EID: 34249035462     PISSN: 17517311     EISSN: 1751732X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S1751731107736741     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Agricultural Research Council 1981. The nutrient requirements of pigs. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough, UK.
2. Arnal MA, Mosoni L, Boirie Y, Houlier ML, Morin L, Verdier E, Ritz P, Antoine JM, Prugnaud J, Beaufrère B and Patureau-Mirand P 1999. Protein pulse feeding improves protein retention in elderly women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 69, 1202-1208.
3. Arnal MA, Mosoni L, Boirie Y, Houlier ML, Morin L, Verdier E, Ritz P, Antoine JM, Prugnaud J, Beaufrère B and Patureau-Mirand P 2000. Protein feeding pattern does not affect protein retention in young women. Journal of Nutrition 130, 1700-1704.
4. Arnal MA, Mosoni L, Dardevet D, Ribeyre MC, Bayle G, Prugnaud J and Patureau-Mirand P 2002. Pulse protein feeding pattern restores stimulation of muscle protein synthesis during the feeding period in old rats. Journal of Nutrition 132, 1002-1008.
5. Bancroft RW, Geiger E and Hagerty EB 1951. Nitrogen-sparing effect of carbohydrate related to time factor with hypophysectomized and diabetic rats. Endocrinology 49, 149-153.
6. Barja I, Araya H, Munoz P, Vega L, Arteaga A and Tagle MA 1972. Effect of spacing protein intake on nitrogen balance in normal children. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 25, 506-511.
7. Barthel A and Schmoll D 2003. Novel concepts in insulin regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis. The American Journal of Physiology 285, E685-E692.
8. Bos C, Metges CC, Gaudichon C, Petzke KJ, Pueyo ME, Morens C, Everwand J, Benamouzig R and Tomé D 2003. Postprandial kinetics of dietary amino acids are the main determinant of their metabolism after soy or milk protein ingestion in humans. The Journal of Nutrition 133, 1308-1315.
9. Brouwer E 1965. Report of sub-committee on constants and factors. In Energy metabolism (ed. KL Blaxter), pp. 441-443. Academic Press, London, UK.
10. Campbell RG and Taverner MR 1988. Genotype and sex effects on the relationship between energy intake and protein deposition in growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 66, 676-686.
11. Charlet-Lery G and Morel MT 1977. Influence of diet on respiratory quotients and fat deposition in growing pigs. Annales de Biologie Animale, Biochimie, Biophysique 17, 897-904.
12. Cummings JH and Englyst HN 1995. Gastrointestinal effects of food carbohydrate. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 61, 938S-945S.
13. Cuthbertson DP and Munro HN 1939. The relationship of carbohydrate metabolism to protein metabolism. I. The roles of dietary carbohydrate and of surfeit carbohydrate in protein metabolism. The Biochemical Journal 33, 128-142.
14. Cuthbertson DP, McCutcheon A and Munro HN 1940. The relationship of carbohydrate metabolism to protein metabolism. 2. Note on the effect of separation in time of the protein and carbohydrate moieties of the diet of the adult and growing rat. The Biochemical Journal 34, 1002-1007.
15. Centraal Veevoeder Bureau 2000. Veevoedertabel. Lelystad, The Netherlands.
16. Eggert RG, Brinegar MJ and Anderson CR 1953. Delayed protein supplementation of corn diets for growing swine. The Journal of Nutrition 50, 469-477.
17. Eits RM, Kwakkel RP, Verstegen MWA, Stoutjesdijk P and De Greef KH 2002. Protein and lipid deposition rates in male broiler chickens: separate responses to amino acids and protein-free energy. Poultry Science 81, 472-480.
18. Englyst KN, Vinoy S, Englyst HN and Lang V 2003. Glycaemic index of cereal products explained by their content of rapidly and slowly available glucose. The British Journal of Nutrition 89, 329-340.
19. Fuller MF, Weekes TEC, Cadenhead A and Bruce JB 1977. The protein-sparing effect of carbohydrate 2. The role of insulin. The Journal of Nutrition 38, 489-496.
20. Geiger E 1948. The importance of the time element in feeding of growing rats. Experiments with delayed supplementation of protein. Science 108, 42-43.
21. Geiger E, Bancroft RW and Hagerty EB 1950. The nitrogen-sparing effect of dietary carbohydrate in its relation to the time factor: experiments with repletion of protein-depleted adult rats. The Journal of Nutrition 42, 577-585.
22. Gerrits WJJ, Tolman GH, Schrama JW, Tamminga S, Bosch MW and Verstegen MWA 1996. Effect of protein and protein-free energy intake on protein and fat deposition rates in preruminant calves of 80 to 240 kg live weight. Journal of Animal Science 74, 2129-2139.
23. Heetkamp MJW, Schrama JW, de Jong L, Swinkels JW, Schouten WG and Bosch MW 1995. Energy metabolism in young pigs as affected by mixing. Journal of Animal Science 73, 3562-3569.
24. International Organization for Standardization 1997. Animal feeding stuffs. Determination of nitrogen content and calculation of crude protein content. Kjeldahl method. ISO 5983. ISO, Geneva.
25. International Organization for Standardization 1998a. Animal feeding stuffs, animal products, and faeces or urine. Determination of gross calorific value. ISO 9831. ISO, Geneva.
26. International Organization for Standardization 1998. Animal feeding stuffs. Determination of moisture and other volatile matter content. ISO 6496. ISO, Geneva.
27. International Organization for Standardization 1999b. Animal feeding stuffs. Determination of fat content. ISO 6492. ISO, Geneva.
28. International Organization for Standardization 2002. Animal feeding stuffs. Determination of crude ash. ISO 5984. ISO, Geneva.
29. Kirchgessner M and Müller HL 1998. Dietary separation of protein and carbohydrate intake. In Energy metabolism in farm animals (ed. KJ McCracken, EF Unsworth and ARG Wylie), pp. 135-138. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.
30. Larson PS and Chaikoff IL 1937. The influence of carbohydrate on nitrogen metabolism in the normal nutritional state. The Journal of Nutrition 13, 287-304.
31. Longenbach JI and Heinrichs AJ 1997. A review of the importance and physiological role of curd formation in the abomasum of young calves. Animal Feed Science and Technology 73, 85-97.
32. Mariotti F, Huneau JF, Mahé S and Tomé D 2000. Protein metabolism and the gut. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care 3, 45-50.
33. Martins FM, Sandberg G, Ekman L and Lindmark L 1985. Metabolic response of simultaneous versus sequential intravenous administration of amino acids and energy substrates to rats. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 42, 61-68.
34. McDonald P, Edwards RA, Greenhalgh JFD and Morgan CA 1995. Animal nutrition. Pearson Education Limited, Harlow, UK.
35. Metges CC, El-Khoury AE, Selvaraj AB, Tsay RH, Atkinson A, Regan MM, Bequette BJ and Young VR 2000. Kinetics of L-1-13C-Leucine when ingested with free amino acids, unlabeled or intrinsically labelled casein. The American Journal of Physiology 278, E1000-E1009.
36. Mosoni L and Patureau-Mirand P 2003. Type and timing of protein feeding to optimize anabolism. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care 6, 301-306.
37. Müller HL and Kirchgessner M 1996. Effect of chronological separation of protein and carbohydrates by up to 48 h on the energy metabolism [in German]. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 76, 1-8.
38. Munro HN 1949. The relationship of carbohydrate metabolism to protein metabolism. The Journal of Nutrition 39, 375-391.
39. Munro HN 1964. General aspects of the regulation of protein metabolism by diet and by hormones. In Mammalian protein metabolism (ed. HN Munro and JB Allison), pp. 381-481. Academic Press, London.
40. Randles WG, 2001 The effects of different temporal patterns of post-ruminal energy and protein supply on nitrogen metabolism in growing lambs, Doctoral thesis, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
41. Rijnen MMJA, Verstegen MWA, Heetkamp MJW and Schrama JW 2001. Effects of dietary fermentable carbohydrates on energy metabolism in grouphoused sows. Journal of Animal Science 79, 148-154.
42. Soeters PB, Dejong CH and Deutz NEP 2001. The protein sparing function of the gut and the quality of food protein. Clinical Nutrition 20, 97-99.
43. Van Dam-Bakker AWI, De Groot AP and Luyken R 1958. The influence of alternate high-protein and low-protein feeding on growth and reproduction and on regeneration of haemoglobin in rats. The British Journal of Nutrition 12, 259-266.
44. Van den Borne JJGC, Verstegen MWA, Alferink SJJ, Van Ass FHM and Gerrits WJJ 2006. Synchronizing the availability of amino acids and glucose decreases fat retention in heavy preruminant calves. The Journal of Nutrition 136, 2181-2187.
45. Van der Meulen J, Bakker JGM, Smits B and De Visser H 1997. Effect of source of starch on net portal flux of glucose, lactate, volatile fatty acids and amino acids in the pig. The British Journal of Nutrition 78, 533-544.
46. Van Kleef DF, Deuring K and Van Leeuwen P 1994. A new method for faeces collection in the pig. Laboratory Animals 28, 78-79.
47. Verstegen MWA, Van der Hel W, Brandsma H, Henken AM and Bransen AM 1987. The Wageningen respiration unit for animal production research: a description of the equipment and its possibilities. In Energy metabolism in farm animals: effects of housing, stress and disease (ed. MWA Verstegen and AM Henken), pp. 21-48. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
48. Wenk C and Van Es AJH 1976. Eine Methode zur Bestimmung des Energieauswandes für die körperlich Aktivität von wachsenden Küken. Schweizerische Landwirtschaftliche Monatshefte 54, 232.
49. Yeo ML and Chamberlain AG 1966. Delayed protein supplementation of barley diets for weanling pigs. The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 25, 41.