Graded semantic and phonological similarity effects in priming: Evidence for a distributed connectionist approach to morphology

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

Volumn 136, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 323-345

  Gonnerman, Laura M ^a   Seidenberg, Mark S ^b   Andersen, Elaine S ^c  

^a LEHIGH UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Connectionism; Cross modal priming; Derivational morphology; Mental lexicon; Semantics; Word recognition

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; HUMAN; LINGUISTICS; METHODOLOGY; PHONETICS; PHYSIOLOGY; REACTION TIME; RECOGNITION; SEMANTICS;

HUMANS; LINGUISTICS; PHONETICS; REACTION TIME; RECOGNITION (PSYCHOLOGY); SEMANTICS; VOCABULARY;

EID: 34248593113     PISSN: 00963445     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0096-3445.136.2.323     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Allen, M., & Badecker, W. (1999). Stem homograph and stem allomorphy: Representing and processing inflected forms in a multilevel lexical system. Journal of Memory and Language, 41, 105-123.
2. Andersen, E. S. (1992). Complexity and language acquisition: Influences on the development of morphological systems in children. In J. A. Hawkins & M. Gell-Mann (Eds.), The evolution of human languages, (pp. 241-271). Redwood City, CA: Addison-Wesley.
3. Andrews, S. (1986). Morphological influences on lexical access: Lexical or nonlexical effects'? Journal of Memory and Language, 25, 726-740.
4. Aronoff, M. (1976). Word formation in generative grammar. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
5. Bates, E., & MacWhinney, B. (1982). Functionalist approaches to grammar. In E. Wanner & L. Gleitman (Eds.), Language acquisition: The state of the art (pp. 173-218). New York: Cambridge University Press.
6. Bates, E., & MacWhinney, B. (1987). Competition, variation and language learning. In B. MacWhinney (Ed.), Mechanisms of language learning (pp. 157-193). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
7. Bates, E., & MacWhinney, B. (1989). Functionalism and the competition model. In B. MacWhinney & E. Bates (Eds.), The crosslinguistic study of sentence processing (pp. 3-73). New York: Cambridge University Press.
8. Beauvillain, C. (1994). Morphological structure in visual word recognition: Evidence from prefixed and suffixed words. Language and Cognitive Processes 9, 317-339.
9. Bentin, S., & Feldman, L. B. (1990). The contribution of morphological and semantic similarity to repetition priming at short and long lags: Evidence from Hebrew. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Experimental Psychology, 42(A), 693-711.
10. Bodner, G. E., & Masson, M. E. (2003). Beyond spreading activation: An influence of relatedness proportion on masked semantic priming. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 10, 645-652.
11. Bradley, D. (1980). Lexical representation of derivational relation. In M. Aronoff & M.-L. Kean (Eds.), Juncture (pp. 37-55). Saratoga, CA: Amma Libri.
12. Buchner, A., Faul, F., & Erdfelder, E. (1992). GPOWER: A priori-, post hoc-, and compromise power analyses for the Macintosh [Computer program]. Bonn, Germany: Bonn University.
13. Burani, C., & Caramazza, A. (1987). Representation and processing of derived words. Language and Cognitive Processes, 2, 217-227.
14. Burani, C., Salmaso, D., & Caramazza, A. (1984). Morphological structure and lexical access. Visible Language, 18, 419-427.
15. Burgess, C. (1998). From simple associations to the building block of language: Modeling meaning in memory with the HAL model. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers, 30, 188-198.
16. Burgess, C., & Lund, K. (1997). Modeling parsing constraints with high-dimensional context space. Language and Cognitive Processes, 12, 177-210.
17. Butterworth, B. (1983). Lexical representation. In B. Butterworth (Ed.), Language production (pp. 257-294). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
18. Bybee, J. (1985). Morphology: A study of the relation between meaning and form. Philadelphia: Benjamins.
19. Bybee, J. (1995). Regular morphology and the lexicon. Language and Cognitive Processes, 10, 425-455.
20. Caramazza, A., Laudanna, A., & Romani, C. (1988). Lexical access and inflectional morphology. Cognition, 28, 297-332.
21. Cassidy, K. W., Kelly, M. H., & Sharoni, L. J. (1999). Inferring gender from name phonology. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 128, 362-381.
22. Chomsky, N. (1970). Remarks on nominalization. In R. A. Jacobs & P. S. Rosenbaum (Eds.), Readings in English transformational grammar, (pp. 184-221). Waitham, MA: Ginn.
23. Christiansen, M., Allen, J., & Seidenberg, M. S. (1998). Learning to segment speech using multiple cues: A connectionist model. Language and Cognitive Processes, 13, 221-268.
24. Cohen, J. D., MacWhinney, B., Flatt, M., & Provost, J. (1993). PsyScope: An interactive graphic system for designing and controlling experiments in the psychology laboratory using Macintosh computers. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers, 25, 257-271.
25. Cole, P., Beauvillain, C., & Segui, J. (1989). On the representation and processing of prefixed and suffixed words: A differential frequency effect. Journal of Memory and Language, 28, 1-13.
26. Coltheart, M., Davelaar, E., Jonasson, J., & Besner, D. (1977). Access to the internal lexicon. In S. Dornic (Ed.), Attention and performance VI (pp. 535-555). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
27. Cutler, A., Hawkins, J. A., & Gilligan, G. (1985). The suffixing preference: A processing explanation. Linguistics, 23, 723-758.
28. Drews, E., & Zwitserlood, P. (1995). Morphological and orthographic similarity in visual word recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 21, 1098-1116.
29. Erdfelder, E., Faul, F., & Buchner, A. (1996). G*Power: A general power analysis program. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 28, 1-11.
30. Feldman, L. B. (1995). Morphological aspects of language processing. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
31. Feldman, L. B. (2000). Are morphological effects distinguishable from the effects of shared meaning and shared form? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 26, 1431-1444.
32. Forster, K. I., & Chambers, S. (1973). Lexical access and naming time. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 12, 627-635.
33. Forster, K. I., Davis, C., Shoknecht, C., & Carter, R. (1987). Masked priming with graphemically related forms: Repetition or partial activation? Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Experimental Psychology, 39(A), 1098-1116.
34. Fowler, C. A., Napps, S. E., & Feldman, L. (1985). Relations among regular and irregular morphologically related words in the lexicon as revealed by repetition priming. Memory & Cognition, 13, 241-255.
35. Frauenfelder, U. H., & Schreuder, R. (1992). Constraining psychological models of morphological processing and representation: The role of productivity. In G. E. Booij & J. van Marie (Eds.), Yearbook of morphology 1991 (pp. 165-183). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic.
36. Frost, R., Deutsch, A., & Forster, K. I. (2000). Decomposing morphologically complex words in a nonlinear morphology. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 26, 751-765.
37. Frost, R., Deutsch, A., Gilboa, O., Tannenbaum, M., & Marslen-Wilson, W. (2000). Morphological priming: Dissociation of phonological, semantic, and morphological factors. Memory & Cognition, 28, 1277-1288.
38. Frost, R., Forster, K., & Deutsch, A. (1997). What can we learn from the morphology of Hebrew? A masked-priming investigation of morphological representation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 23, 829-856.
39. Gonnerman, L., & Plaut, D. C. (2000). Semantic and morphological effects in masked priming. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 49E, 116.
40. Grainger, J., Colé, P., & Segui, J. (1991). Masked morphological priming in visual word recognition. Journal of Memory and Language, 30, 370-384.
41. Harm, M. W., & Seidenberg, M. S. (1999). Phonology, reading acquisition, and dyslexia: Insights from connectionist models. Psychological Review, 106, 491-528.
42. Harm, M. W., & Seidenberg, M. S. (2004). Computing the meanings of words in reading: Cooperative division of labor between visual and phonological processes. Psychological Review, III, 662-720.
43. Henderson, L. (1985). Toward a psychology of morphemes. In A. W. Ellis (Ed.) Progress in the psychology of language (Vol. 1, pp. 15-71). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
44. Hockett, C. F. (1958). A course in modern linguistics. New York: Macmiilan.
45. Jarvella, R. J., & Snodgrass, J. G. (1974). Seeing ring in rang and retain in retention: On recognizing stem morphemes in printed words. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 13, 590-598.
46. Joanisse, M., & Seidenberg, M. S. (1999). Impairments in verb morphology following brain injury: A connectionist model. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 96, 7592-7597.
47. Kelly, M. H. (1992). Using sound to solve syntactic problems: The role of phonology in grammatical category assignments. Psychological Review, 99, 349-364.
48. Kempley, S. T., & Morton, J. (1982). The effects of priming with regularly and irregularly related words in auditory word recognition. British Journal of Psychology, 73, 441-454.
49. Kučera, H., & Francis, W. N. (1967). Computational analysis of presentday American English. Providence, RI: Brown University Press.
50. Landauer, T. K., & Dumais, S. T. (1997). A solution to Plato's problem: The latent semantic analysis theory of acquisition, induction, and representation of knowledge. Psychological Review, 104, 211-240.
51. Landauer, T. K., Foltz, P. W., & Laham, D. (1998). An introduction to latent semantic analysis. Discourse Processes, 25, 259-284.
52. Li, P., & MacWhinney, B. (1996). Cryptotype, overgeneralization, and competition: A connectionist model of the learning of English reversive prefixes. Connection Science: Journal of Neural Computing, Artificial Intelligence & Cognitive Research, 8, 3-30.
53. MacWhinney, B., & Leinbach, A. J. (1991). Implementations are not conceptualizations: Revising the verb learning model. Cognition, 40, 121-157.
54. Manelis, L., & Tharp, D. A. (1977). The processing of affixed words. Memory & Cognition, 5, 690-695.
55. Marslen-Wilson, W., Tyler, L., Waksler, R., & Older, L. (1994). Morphology and meaning in the English mental lexicon. Psychological Review, 101, 3-33.
56. Marslen-Wilson, W., & Zhou, X. (1999). Abstractness, allomorphy, and lexical architecture. Language and Cognitive Processes, 14, 321-352.
57. Meunier, F. & Segui, J. (1999). Frequency effects in auditory word recognition: The case of suffixed words. Journal of Memory and Language, 41, 327-344.
58. Mirkovic, J., MacDonald, M. C., & Seidenberg, M. S. (2005). Where does gender come from? Evidence from a complex inflectional system. Language and Cognitive Processes, 20, 139-168.
59. Morton, J. (1979). Facilitation in word recognition: Experiments causing change in the Logogen model. In P. A. Kolers, M. Wrolstad, & H. Bouma (Eds.), Processing of visual language (pp. 259-268). New York: Plenum Press.
60. Murrell, G. A., & Morton, J. (1974). Word recognition and morphemic structure. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 102, 963-968.
61. Napps, S. E. (1989). Morphemic relationships in the lexicon: Are they distinct from semantic and formal relationships? Memory & Cognition, 17, 729-739.
62. Napps, S. E., & Fowler, C. A. (1987). Formal relationships among words and the organization of the mental lexicon. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 16, 257-272.
63. Plaut, D. C., & Gonnerman, L. M. (2000). Are nonsemantic morphological effects incompatible with a distributed connectionist approach to lexical processing? Language and Cognitive Processes, 15, 445-485.
64. Plaut, D. C., McClelland, J. L., Seidenberg, M. S., & Patterson, K. (1996). Understanding normal and impaired word reading: Computational principles in a quasi-regular domain. Psychological Review, 103, 56-115.
65. Plunkett, K., & Marchman, V. (1991). U-shaped learning and frequency effects in a multilayered perceptron: Implications for child language acquisition. Cognition, 38, 43-102.
66. Plunkett, K., & Marchman, V. (1993). From rote learning to system building: Acquiring verb morphology in children and connectionist nets. Cognition, 48, 1-49.
67. Rayner, K. & Pollatsek, A. (1989). The psychology of reading. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
68. Rueckl, J., Mikolinski, M., Raveh, M., Miner, C., & Mars, F. (1997). Morphological priming, fragment completion, and connectionist networks. Journal of Memory and Language, 36, 382-405.
69. Rumelhart, D., & McClelland, J. (1986). On learning the past tenses of English verbs. In J. McClelland, D. Rumelhart, & the PDF Research Group (Eds.), Parallel distributed processing: Explorations in the microstructure of cognition, Vol. 2: Psychological and biological models (pp. 216-271). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
70. Sandra, D. (1994). The morphology of the mental lexicon: Internal word structure viewed from a psycholinguistic perspective. Language and Cognitive Processes, 9, 227-269.
71. Seidenberg, M. S. (1987). Sublexical structures in visual word recognition: Access units or orthographic redundancy? In M. Coltheart (Ed.), Attention and performance XII: Reading (pp. 245-263). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
72. Seidenberg, M. S., & Gonnerman, L. M. (2000). Explaining derivational morphology as the convergence of codes. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4, 353-361.
73. Seidenberg, M. S., & McClelland, J. L. (1989). A distributed, developmental model of word recognition and naming. Psychological Review, 96, 523-568.
74. Stanners, R. F., Neiser, J. J., Hernon, W. P., & Hall, R. (1979). Memory representation for morphologically related words. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 18, 399-412.
75. Stolz, J. A., & Besner, D. (1998). Levels of representation in visual word recognition: A dissociation between morphological and semantic processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 24, 1642-1655.
76. Taft, M. (1979). Recognition of affixed words and the word-frequency effect. Memory & Cognition, 7, 263-272.
77. Taft, M., & Forster, K. (1975). Lexical storage and retrieval of prefixed words. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 14, 638-647.