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Other powerful transition-metal-catalyzed-synthetic methods for the preparation of biaryls are available, a For Cu-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, see: Fanta, P. E. Synthesis 1974, 9
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Other powerful transition-metal-catalyzed-synthetic methods for the preparation of biaryls are available, (a) For Cu-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, see: Fanta, P. E. Synthesis 1974, 9.
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7
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33846219583
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For Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, see:, and references therein
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(b) For Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, see: Lee, C.-C.; Ke, W.-C.; Chan, K.-T.; Lai, C.-L.; Hu, C.-H.; Lee, H. M. Chem.-Eur. J. 2007, 13, 582 and references therein.
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(c) For C-H activation reactions, see: Alberico, D.; Scott, M. E.; Lautens, M. Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 174.
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(b) Bringmann, G.; Günther, C.; Ochse, M.; Schupp, O.; Tasler, S. Biaryls in Nature: A Multi-Faceted Class of Stereochemically, Biosynthetically, and Pharmacologically Intriguing Secondary Metabolites. In Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products; Herz, W., Falk, H., Kirby, G. W., Moore, R. E., Eds.; Springer-Verlag: New York, 2001; Vol. 82.
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(a) Pu, L. Chem. Rev. 1998, 98, 2405 and references therein.
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Carboxylic acids and derivatives have also been used in Pd- or Rh-catalyzed couplings to replace the aryl halides. For an example in a Rh-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura-type reaction, see: (a) Goossen, L. J, Paetzold, J. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2004, 346, 1665. For examples in Pd-catalyzed Hecktype reactions, see
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Carboxylic acids and derivatives have also been used in Pd- or Rh-catalyzed couplings to replace the aryl halides. For an example in a Rh-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura-type reaction, see: (a) Goossen, L. J.; Paetzold, J. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2004, 346, 1665. For examples in Pd-catalyzed Hecktype reactions, see:
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No starting material 1 or 2 was recovered. In addition to 3a, 1,3-dimethoxybenzene, anisole, and 4,4′-dimethoxybiphenyl were isolated.
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No starting material 1 or 2 was recovered. In addition to 3a, 1,3-dimethoxybenzene, anisole, and 4,4′-dimethoxybiphenyl were isolated.
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4, filtered, and concentrated under a vacuum. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel to afford pure biaryls after drying under a vacuum (0.1 mbar).
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4, filtered, and concentrated under a vacuum. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel to afford pure biaryls after drying under a vacuum (0.1 mbar).
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