Food Poisoning

Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America

Volumn 25, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 357-373

  Lawrence, David T ^a   Dobmeier, Stephen G ^a   Bechtel, Laura K ^a   Holstege, Christopher P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACTIVATED CARBON; ADRENALIN; AMITRIPTYLINE; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTIHISTAMINIC AGENT; ATROPINE; BOTULINUM ANTISERUM; BOTULINUM TOXIN; CALCIUM; CIGUATOXIN; CIMETIDINE; DIPHENHYDRAMINE; EUGENOL; GABAPENTIN; GLUTAMATE SODIUM; GLUTAMIC ACID; GRAYANOTOXIN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; ISONIAZID; MANNITOL; OXALIC ACID; PLACEBO; SALBUTAMOL; SCOMBROTOXIN; TETRODOTOXIN; TOXIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION; BOTULISM; BRADYCARDIA; BRONCHOSPASM; CIGUATERA; CLINICAL FEATURE; CLINICAL TRIAL; DIALYSIS; DINOFLAGELLATE; EDEMA; EMERGENCY HEALTH SERVICE; FATALITY; FOOD CONTAMINATION; FOOD POISONING; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; HUMAN; HYPOCALCEMIA; HYPOTENSION; LABORATORY TEST; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; NEUROPATHIC PAIN; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PRURITUS; REPEATED DRUG DOSE; RESPIRATORY DISTRESS; REVIEW; SCOMBROID POISONING; SKIN ALLERGY; TETRODOTOXIN POISONING; THROMBOPHLEBITIS;

EID: 34247581833     PISSN: 07338627     EISSN: 07338627     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.emc.2007.02.014     Document Type: Review

References (133)

1. Isbister G.K., and Kiernan M.C. Neurotoxic marine poisoning. Lancet Neurol 4 4 (2005) 219-228
2. Gillespie N.C., Lewis R.J., Pearn J.H., et al. Ciguatera in Australia. Occurrence, clinical features, pathophysiology and management. Med J Aust 145 11-12 (1986) 584-590
3. Hokama Y., and Yoshikawa-Ebesu J. Ciguatera fish poisoning: a foodborne disease. J Toxicol Toxin Rev 20 2 (2001) 85-139
4. Butera R., Prockop L.D., Buonocore M., et al. Mild ciguatera poisoning: Case reports with neurophysiological evaluations. Muscle Nerve 23 10 (2000) 1598-1603
5. Pearn J. Neurology of ciguatera. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 70 1 (2001) 4-8
6. Lehane L., and Lewis R.J. Ciguatera: recent advances but the risk remains. Int J Food Microbiol 61 2-3 (2000) 91-125
7. Lewis RJ. Ciguatera: Australian perspectives on a global problem. Toxicon 2006;48(7):799-809.
8. Bidard J.N., Vijverberg H.P.M., Frelin C., et al. Ciguatoxin is a novel of type of Na channel toxin. J Biol Chem 259 13 (1984) 8353-8357
9. Dechraoui M.-Y., Naar J., Pauillac S., et al. Ciguatoxins and brevetoxins, neurotoxic polyether compounds active on sodium channels. Toxicon 37 1 (1999) 125-143
10. Palafox N., and Buenconsejo-Lum L. Ciguatera fish poisoning: review of clinical manifestations. J Toxicol Toxin Rev 20 2 (2001) 141-160
11. Mattei C., Molgo J., Marquais M., et al. Hyperosmolar mannitol reverses the increased membrane excitability and the nodal swelling caused by Caribbean ciguatoxin-1 in single frog myelinated axons. Brain Res 847 1 (1999) 50-58
12. Pearn J.H., Lewis R.J., Ruff T., et al. Ciguatera and mannitol: experience with a new treatment regimen. [see comment]. Med J Aust 151 2 (1989) 77-80
13. Cameron J., Flowers A.E., and Capra M.F. Effects of ciguatoxin on nerve excitability in rats (Part I). J Neurol Sci 101 1 (1991) 87-92
14. Cameron J., Flowers A.E., and Capra M.F. Electrophysiological studies on ciguatera poisoning in man (Part II). J Neurol Sci 101 1 (1991) 93-97
15. Schnorf H., Taurarii M., and Cundy T. Ciguatera fish poisoning: a double-blind randomized trial of mannitol therapy. Neurology 58 6 (2002) 873-880
16. Ting J.Y., and Brown A.F. Ciguatera poisoning: a global issue with common management problems. Eur J Emerg Med 8 4 (2001) 295-300
17. Hung Y.-M., Hung S.-Y., Chou K.-J., et al. Persistent bradycardia caused by ciguatoxin poisoning after barracuda fish eggs ingestion in southern Taiwan. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73 6 (2005) 1026-1027
18. Chan T.Y.K., and Wang A.Y.M. Life-threatening bradycardia and hypotension in a patient with ciguatera fish poisoning. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 87 1 (1993) 71
19. Bagnis R., Kuberski T., and Laugier S. Clinical observations on 3,009 cases of ciguatera (fish poisoning) in the South Pacific. Am J Trop Med Hyg 28 6 (1979) 1067-1073
20. Sauviat M.-P., Marquais M., and Vernoux J.-P. Muscarinic effects of the Caribbean ciguatoxin C-CTX-1 on frog atrial heart muscle. Toxicon 40 8 (2002) 1155-1163
21. Glaziou P., and Legrand A.-M. The epidemiology of ciguatera fish poisoning. Toxicon 32 8 (1994) 863-873
22. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Ciguatera fish poisoning-Texas, 1998, and South Carolina, 2004. MMWR Morb & Mortal Wkly Rep 55 34 (2006) 935-937
23. Bourdy G., Cabalion P., Amade P., et al. Traditional remedies used in the Western Pacific for the treatment of ciguatera poisoning. J Ethnopharmacol 36 2 (1992) 163-174
24. de Haro L., Pommier P., and Valli M. Emergence of imported ciguatera in Europe: report of 18 cases at the Poison Control Centre of Marseille. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 41 7 (2003) 927-930
25. Lehane L. Ciguatera update. Med J Aust 172 4 (2000) 176-179
26. Barton E.D., Tanner P., Turchen S.G., et al. Ciguatera fish poisoning. A southern California epidemic. West J Med 163 1 (1995) 31-35
27. Geller R.J., and Benowitz N.L. Orthostatic hypotension in ciguatera fish poisoning. Arch Intern Med 152 10 (1992) 2131-2133
28. Goodman A., Williams T.N., and Maitland K. Ciguatera poisoning in Vanuatu. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 2 (2003) 263-266
29. Palafox N.A., Jain L.G., Pinano A.Z., et al. Successful treatment of ciguatera fish poisoning with intravenous mannitol. JAMA 259 18 (1988) 2740-2742
30. Williamson J. Ciguatera and mannitol: a successful treatment. [comment]. Med J Aust 153 5 (1990) 306-307
31. Birinyi-Strachan L.C., Davies M.J., Lewis R.J., et al. Neuroprotectant effects of iso-osmolar d-mannitol to prevent Pacific ciguatoxin-1 induced alterations in neuronal excitability: a comparison with other osmotic agents and free radical scavengers. Neuropharmacology 49 5 (2005) 669-686
32. Purcell C.E., Capra M.F., and Cameron J. Action of mannitol in ciguatoxin-intoxicated rats. Toxicon 37 1 (1999) 67-76
33. Beadle A. Ciguatera fish poisoning. Mil Med 162 5 (1997) 319-322
34. Eastaugh J. Delayed use of intravenous mannitol in Ciguatera (fish poisoning). Ann Emerg Med 28 1 (1996) 105-106
35. Davis R.T., and Villar L.A. Symptomatic improvement with amitriptyline in ciguatera fish poisoning. N Engl J Med 315 1 (1986) 65
36. Bowman P.B. Amitriptyline and ciguatera. Med J Aust 140 13 (1984) 802
37. Perez C.M., Vasquez P.A., and Perret C.F. Treatment of Ciguatera poisoning with Gabapentin. N Engl J Med 344 9 (2001) 692-693
38. Blythe D.G., and de Sylva D.P. Mother's milk turns toxic following fish feast. [see comment]. JAMA 264 16 (1990) 2074
39. Kerr G.W., and Parke T.R. Scombroid poisoning-a pseudoallergic syndrome. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 91 2 (1998) 83-84
40. McInerney J., Sahgal P., Vogel M., et al. Scombroid poisoning. Ann Emerg Med 28 2 (1996) 235-238
41. Etkind P., Wilson M.E., Gallagher K., et al. Bluefish-associated scombroid poisoning. An example of the expanding spectrum of food poisoning from seafood. JAMA 258 23 (1987) 3409-3410
42. Lange W.R. Scombroid poisoning. Am Fam Physician 37 4 (1988) 163-168
43. Foo L.Y. Scombroid poisoning-recapitulation on the role of histamine. N Z Med J 85 588 (1977) 425-427
44. Bjeldanes L.F., Schutz D.E., and Morris M.M. On the aetiology of scombroid poisoning: cadaverine potentiation of histamine toxicity in the guinea-pig. Food Cosmet Toxicol 16 2 (1978) 157-159
45. Lehane L., and Olley J. Histamine fish poisoning revisited. Int J Food Microbiol 58 1-2 (2000) 1-37
46. Borade P.S., Ballary C.C., and Lee D.K.C. A fishy cause of sudden near fatal hypotension. Resuscitation 72 1 (2007) 158-160
47. Pugno P.A., Kaufman D., and Feder Jr. H.M. Bluefish: a newly discovered cause of scombroid poisoning. J Fam Pract 17 6 (1983) 1071-1072
48. Russell F.E., and Maretic Z. Scombroid poisoning: mini-review with case histories. Toxicon 24 10 (1986) 967-973
49. Feldman K.A., Werner S.B., Cronan S., et al. A large outbreak of scombroid fish poisoning associated with eating escolar fish (Lepidocybium flavobrunneum). Epidemiol Infect 133 1 (2005) 29-33
50. Attaran R.R., and Probst F. Histamine fish poisoning: a common but frequently misdiagnosed condition. Emerg Med J 19 5 (2002) 474-475
51. Sanchez-Guerrero I.M., Vidal J.B., and Escudero A.I. Scombroid fish poisoning: a potentially life-threatening allergic-like reaction. J Allergy Clin Immunol 100 3 (1997) 433-434
52. Grinda J.-M., Bellenfant F., Brivet F.G., et al. Biventricular assist device for scombroid poisoning with refractory myocardial dysfunction: a bridge to recovery. Crit Care Med 32 9 (2004) 1957-1959
53. Iannuzzi M., D'ignazio N., Bressy L., et al. Severe scombroid fish poisoning syndrome requiring aggressive fluid resuscitation in the emergency department. Minerva Aneestesiol 72 (2006) 1-3
54. Uragoda C.G., and Kottegoda S.R. Adverse reactions to isoniazid on ingestion of fish with a high histamine content. Tubercle 58 2 (1977) 83-89
55. Uragoda C.G., and Lodha S.C. Histamine intoxication in a tuberculous patient after ingestion of cheese. Tubercle 60 1 (1979) 59-61
56. Morinaga S., Kawasaki A., Hirata H., et al. Histamine poisoning after ingestion of spoiled raw tuna in a patient taking isoniazid. Intern Med 36 3 (1997) 198-200
57. Lerke P.A., Werner S.B., Taylor S.L., et al. Scombroid poisoning. Report of an outbreak. West J Med 129 5 (1978) 381-386
58. Bedry R., Gabinski C., and Paty M.-C. Diagnosis of scombroid poisoning by measurement of plasma histamine. N Engl J Med 342 7 (2000) 520-521
59. Morrow J.D., Margolies G.R., Rowland J., et al. Evidence that histamine is the causative toxin of scombroid-fish poisoning. N Engl J Med 324 11 (1991) 716-720
60. Kim R. Flushing syndrome due to mahimahi (scombroid fish) poisoning. Arch Dermatol 115 8 (1979) 963-965
61. Smart D.R. Scombroid poisoning. A report of seven cases involving the Western Australian salmon, Arripis truttaceus. Med J Aust 157 11-12 (1992) 748-751
62. Eckstein M., Serna M., DelaCruz P., et al. Out-of-hospital and emergency department management of epidemic scombroid poisoning. Acad Emerg Med 6 9 (1999) 916-920
63. Blakesley M.L. Scombroid poisoning: prompt resolution of symptoms with cimetidine. Ann Emerg Med 12 2 (1983) 104-106
64. Ahasan H.A., Mamun A.A., Karim S.R., et al. Paralytic complications of puffer fish (tetrodotoxin) poisoning. Singapore Med J 45 2 (2004) 73-74
65. Isbister G.K., Son J., Wang F., et al. Puffer fish poisoning: a potentially life-threatening condition. Med J Aust 177 11-12 (2002) 650-653
66. Yin H.L., Lin H.S., Huang C.C., et al. Tetrodotoxication with nassauris glans: a possibility of tetrodotoxin spreading in marine products near Pratas Island. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73 5 (2005) 985-990
67. Doherty M.J. Captain Cook on poison fish. Neurology 65 11 (2005) 1788-1791
68. Sierra-Beltran A.P., Cruz A., Nunez E., et al. An overview of the marine food poisoning in Mexico. Toxicon 36 11 (1998) 1493-1502
69. How C.K., Chern C.H., Huang Y.C., et al. Tetrodotoxin poisoning. Am J Emerg Med 21 1 (2003) 51-54
70. Tetrodotoxin poisoning associated with eating puffer fish transported from Japan-California, 1996. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 45 19 (1996) 389-391
71. Waxman S.G., Cummins T.R., Dib-Hajj S., et al. Sodium channels, excitability of primary sensory neurons, and the molecular basis of pain. Muscle Nerve 22 9 (1999) 1177-1187
72. Kanchanapongkul J. Puffer fish poisoning: clinical features and management experience in 25 cases. J Med Assoc Thai 84 3 (2001) 385-389
73. Lan M.Y., Lai S.L., Chen S.S., et al. Tetrodotoxin intoxication in a uraemic patient. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 67 1 (1999) 127-128
74. Sobel J., Tucker N., Sulka A., et al. Foodborne botulism in the United States, 1990-2000. Emerg Infect Dis 10 9 (2004) 1606-1611
75. Ravichandran E., Gong Y., Saleem F.H.A., et al. An initial assessment of the systemic pharmacokinetics of botulinum toxin. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 318 3 (2006) 1343-1351
76. Sobel J. Botulism. Clin Infect Dis 41 8 (2005) 1167-1173
77. Villar R.G., Elliott S.P., and Davenport K.M. Botulism: the many faces of botulinum toxin and its potential for bioterrorism. Infect Dis Clin N Am 20 2 (2006) 313-327
78. Fox C.K., Keet C.A., and Strober J.B. Recent advances in infant botulism. Pediatr Neurol 32 3 (2005) 149-154
79. Thompson J.A., Filloux F.M., Van Orman C.B., et al. Infant botulism in the age of botulism immune globulin. Neurology 64 12 (2005) 2029-2032
80. Scarfone R.J., and Puchalski A.L. Why so sleepy?. Pediatr Ann 30 10 (2001) 614-618
81. Maria G.T., and Michael P.G. Association between honey consumption and infant botulism. Pharmacotherapy 22 11 (2002) 1479-1483
82. Armada M., Love S., Barrett E., et al. Foodborne botulism in a six-month-old infant caused by home-canned baby food. Ann Emerg Med 42 2 (2003) 226-229
83. Passaro D.J., Werner S.B., McGee J., et al. Wound botulism associated with black tar heroin among injecting drug users. JAMA 279 11 (1998) 859-863
84. Brett M.M., Hallas G., and Mpamugo O. Wound botulism in the UK and Ireland. J Med Microbiol 53 6 (2004) 555-561
85. Werner S.B., Passaro D., McGee J., et al. Wound botulism in California, 1951-1998: recent epidemic in heroin injectors. Clin Infect Dis 31 4 (2000) 1018-1024
86. Lindstrom M., and Korkeala H. Laboratory diagnostics of botulism. Clin Microbiol Rev 19 2 (2006) 298-314
87. Robinson R.F., and Nahata M.C. Management of botulism. Ann Pharmacother 37 1 (2003) 127-131
88. Horowitz B.Z. Botulinum toxin. Crit Care Clin 21 4 (2005) 825-839
89. Cherington M. Botulism: update and review. Semin Neurol 24 2 (2004) 155-163
90. Arnon S.S., Schechter R., Inglesby T.V., et al. Botulinum toxin as a biological weapon: medical and public health management. JAMA 285 8 (2001) 1059-1070
91. Wainwright R.B., Heyward W.L., Middaugh J.P., et al. Food-borne botulism in Alaska, 1947-1985: epidemiology and clinical findings. J Infect Dis 157 6 (1988) 1158-1162
92. Varma J.K., Katsitadze G., Moiscrafishvili M., et al. Signs and symptoms predictive of death in patients with foodborne botulism-Republic of Georgia, 1980-2002. [see comment]. Clin Infect Dis 39 3 (2004) 357-362
93. Black R.E., and Gunn R.A. Hypersensitivity reactions associated with botulinal antitoxin. Am J Med 69 4 (1980) 567-570
94. Ketcham E.M., and Gomez H.F. Infant botulism: a diagnostic and management challenge. Air Med J 22 5 (2003) 6-11
95. Arnon S.S., Schechter R., Maslanka S.E., et al. Human botulism immune globulin for the treatment of infant botulism. N Engl J Med 354 5 (2006) 462-471
96. Scinska-Bienkowska A., Wrobel E., Turzynska D., et al. Glutamate concentration in whole saliva and taste responses to monosodium glutamate in humans. Nutr Neurosci 9 1-2 (2006) 25-31
97. Kenney R.A. The Chinese restaurant syndrome: an anecdote revisited. Food Chem Toxicol 24 4 (1986) 351-354
98. Freeman M. Reconsidering the effects of monosodium glutamate: a literature review. J Am Acad Nurse Pract 18 10 (2006) 482-486
99. Beyreuther K., Biesalski H.K., Fernstrom J.D., et al. Consensus meeting: monosodium glutamate-an update. Eur J Clin Nutr 61 3 (2007) 304-313
100. Bellisle F. Glutamate and the UMAMI taste: sensory, metabolic, nutritional and behavioural considerations. A review of the literature published in the last 10 years. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 23 3 (1999) 423-438
101. Woessner K.M., Simon R.A., and Stevenson D.D. Monosodium glutamate sensitivity in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 104 2 (1999) 305-310
102. Merritt J.E., and Williams P.B. Vasospasm contributes to monosodium glutamate-induced headache. Headache 30 9 (1990) 575-580
103. Tarasoff L. Another case of glutamania?. Food Chem Toxicol 33 1 (1995) 72-78
104. Geha R.S., Beiser A., Ren C., et al. Review of alleged reaction to monosodium glutamate and outcome of a multicenter double-blind placebo-controlled study. J Nutr 130 4S Suppl (2000) 1058S-1062S
105. Tarasoff L., and Kelly M.F. Monosodium: a double-blind study and review. Food Chem Toxicol 31 12 (1993) 1019-1035
106. Rosenblum I., Bradley J.D., and Coulston F. Single and double blind studies with oral monosodium glutamate in man. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 18 2 (1971) 367-373
107. Yang W.H., Drouin M.A., Herbert M., et al. The monosodium glutamate symptom complex: assessment in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 99 6 Part 1 (1997) 757-762
108. Stevenson D.D. Monosodium glutamate and asthma. J Nutr 130 4S Suppl (2000) 1067S-1073S
109. Sanz P., and Reig R. Clinical and pathological findings in fatal plant oxalosis. A review. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 13 4 (1992) 342-345
110. Watson J., Jones R., Siston A., et al. Outbreak of food-borne illness associated with plant material containing raphides. Clin Toxicol 43 1 (2005) 17-21
111. James L.F. Oxalate toxicosis. Clin Toxicol 5 2 (1972) 231-243
112. Gardner D.G. Injury to the oral mucous membranes caused by the common houseplant, dieffenbachia: a review. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 78 5 (1994) 631-633
113. Pedaci L., Krenzelok E.P., Jacobsen T.D., et al. Dieffenbachia species exposures: an evidence-based assessment of symptom presentation. Vet Hum Toxicol 41 5 (1999) 335-338
114. Cumpston K.L., Vogel S.N., Leikin J.B., et al. Acute airway compromise after brief exposure to a Dieffenbachia plant. J Emerg Med 25 4 (2003) 391-397
115. Snajdauf J., Mixa V., Rygl M., et al. Aortoesophageal fistula-an unusual complication of esophagitis caused by Dieffenbachia ingestion. J Pediatr Surg 40 6 (2005) e29-e31
116. Loretti A.P., da Silva Ilha M.R., and Ribeiro R.E.S. Accidental fatal poisoning of a dog by Dieffenbachia picta (dumb cane). Vet Hum Toxicol 45 5 (2003) 233-239
117. Dip E.C., Pereira N.A., and Fernandes P.D. Ability of eugenol to reduce tongue edema induced by Dieffenbachia picta Schott in mice. Toxicon 43 6 (2004) 729-735
118. Farre M., Xirgu J., Salgado A., et al. Fatal oxalic acid poisoning from sorrel soup. [see comment]. Lancet 2 8678-79 (1989) 1524
119. Chen C.L., Fang H.C., Chou K.J., et al. Acute oxalate nephropathy after ingestion of star fruit. Am J Kidney Dis 37 2 (2001) 418-422
120. Fang H.C., Chen C.L., Wang J.S., et al. Acute oxalate nephropathy induced by star fruit in rats. Am J Kidney Dis 38 4 (2001) 876-880
121. Lewandowski S., and Rodgers A.L. Idiopathic calcium oxalate urolithiasis: risk factors and conservative treatment. Clin Chim Acta 345 1-2 (2004) 17-34
122. Heye N., Zimmer C., Terstegge K., et al. Oxalate-induced encephalitis after infusions of sugar surrogates. Intensive Care Med 17 7 (1991) 432-434
123. Tsai M.-H., Chang W.-N., Lui C.-C., et al. Status epilepticus induced by star fruit intoxication in patients with chronic renal disease. Seizure 14 7 (2005) 521-525
124. Tse K.C., Yip P.S., Lam M.F., et al. Star fruit intoxication in uraemic patients: case series and review of the literature. Intern Med J 33 7 (2003) 314-316
125. Yu-Chin Lily W., Ber-Ming L., Robert B.S., et al. Management of star fruit-induced neurotoxicity and seizures in a patient with chronic renal failure. Pharmacotherapy 26 1 (2006) 143-146
126. Gunduz A., Turedi S., Uzun H., et al. Mad honey poisoning. Am J Emerg Med 24 5 (2006) 595-598
127. Onat F.Y., Yegen B.C., Lawrence R., et al. Mad honey poisoning in man and rat. Rev Environ Health 9 1 (1991) 3-9
128. Yilmaz O., Eser M., Sahiner A., et al. Hypotension, bradycardia and syncope caused by honey poisoning. Resuscitation 68 3 (2006) 405-408
129. Maejima H., Kinoshita E., Seyama I., et al. Distinct sites regulating grayanotoxin binding and unbinding to D4S6 of Nav1.4 sodium channel as revealed by improved estimation of toxin sensitivity. J Biol Chem 278 11 (2003) 9464-9471
130. Yuki T., Yamaoka K., Yakehiro M., et al. State-dependent action of grayanotoxin I on Na+ channels in frog ventricular myocytes. J Physiol 534 3 (2001) 777-790
131. Ozhan H., Akdemir R., Yazici M., et al. Cardiac emergencies caused by honey ingestion: a single centre experience. Emerg Med J 21 6 (2004) 742-744
132. Biberoglu K., Biberoglu S., and Komsuoglu B. Transient Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome during honey intoxication. Isr J Med Sci 24 4-5 (1988) 253-254
133. Ergun K., Tufekcioglu O., Aras D., et al. A rare cause of atrioventricular block: mad honey intoxication. Int J Cardiol 99 2 (2005) 347-348