메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue , 2007, Pages

Complex interplay between intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of long-term survival trends in southern elephant seals

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA; MIROUNGA LEONINA;

EID: 34247482381     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14726785     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1472-6785-7-3     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (45)

References (80)
  • 1
    • 0035958646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noisy clockwork: Time series analysis of population fluctuations in animals
    • Bjørnstad ON, Grenfell BT: Noisy clockwork: time series analysis of population fluctuations in animals. Science 2001, 293:638-643.
    • (2001) Science , vol.293 , pp. 638-643
    • Bjørnstad, O.N.1    Grenfell, B.T.2
  • 3
    • 11144326716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The management of wild large herbivores to meet economic, conservation and environmental objectives
    • Gordon IJ, Hester AJ, Festa-Bianchet M: The management of wild large herbivores to meet economic, conservation and environmental objectives. J Appl Ecol 2004, 41:1021-1031.
    • (2004) J Appl Ecol , vol.41 , pp. 1021-1031
    • Gordon, I.J.1    Hester, A.J.2    Festa-Bianchet, M.3
  • 4
    • 0031113780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental stochasticity and population dynamics of large herbivores: A search for mechanisms
    • Sæther BE: Environmental stochasticity and population dynamics of large herbivores: a search for mechanisms. Trends Ecol Evol 1997, 12:143-149.
    • (1997) Trends Ecol Evol , vol.12 , pp. 143-149
    • Sæther, B.E.1
  • 5
    • 0000438728 scopus 로고
    • A review of density-dependence in populations of large mammals
    • Edited by: Genoways HH. New York, Plenum Press;
    • Fowler CW: A review of density-dependence in populations of large mammals. In Current Mammalogy Edited by: Genoways HH. New York, Plenum Press; 1987:401-441.
    • (1987) Current Mammalogy , pp. 401-441
    • Fowler, C.W.1
  • 6
    • 0031916185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population dynamics of large herbivores: Variable recruitment with constant adult survival
    • Gaillard JM, Festa-Bianchet M, Yoccoz NG: Population dynamics of large herbivores: variable recruitment with constant adult survival. Trends Ecol Evol 1998, 13:58-63.
    • (1998) Trends Ecol Evol , vol.13 , pp. 58-63
    • Gaillard, J.M.1    Festa-Bianchet, M.2    Yoccoz, N.G.3
  • 8
    • 0345225572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Density dependence and stochastic variation in a newly established population of a small songbird
    • Sæther BE, Engen S, Lande R, Both C, Visser ME: Density dependence and stochastic variation in a newly established population of a small songbird. Oikos 2002, 99:33 1-337.
    • (2002) Oikos , vol.99 , Issue.33 , pp. 1-337
    • Sæther, B.E.1    Engen, S.2    Lande, R.3    Both, C.4    Visser, M.E.5
  • 9
    • 7344253053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal and birth colony effects on survival of Weddell seal offspring from McMurdo Sound, Antarctica
    • Hastings KK, Testa JW: Maternal and birth colony effects on survival of Weddell seal offspring from McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, J Anim Ecol 1998, 67:722-740.
    • (1998) J Anim Ecol , vol.67 , pp. 722-740
    • Hastings, K.K.1    Testa, J.W.2
  • 10
    • 33746816030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival of Svalbard pink-footed geese Anser brachyrhynchus in relation to winter climate, density and land-use
    • Kéry M, Madsen J, Lebreton JD: Survival of Svalbard pink-footed geese Anser brachyrhynchus in relation to winter climate, density and land-use. J Anim Ecol 2006, 75:1172-1181.
    • (2006) J Anim Ecol , vol.75 , pp. 1172-1181
    • Kéry, M.1    Madsen, J.2    Lebreton, J.D.3
  • 11
    • 0026490966 scopus 로고
    • Modeling survival and testing biological hypotheses using marked animals: A unified approach with case studies
    • Lebreton JD, Burnham KP, Clobert J, Anderson DR: Modeling survival and testing biological hypotheses using marked animals: a unified approach with case studies. Ecol Monogr 1992, 62:67-118.
    • (1992) Ecol Monogr , vol.62 , pp. 67-118
    • Lebreton, J.D.1    Burnham, K.P.2    Clobert, J.3    Anderson, D.R.4
  • 12
    • 0000945651 scopus 로고
    • Density dependence as related to life history strategy
    • Fowler CW: Density dependence as related to life history strategy. Ecology 1981, 62:602-610.
    • (1981) Ecology , vol.62 , pp. 602-610
    • Fowler, C.W.1
  • 13
    • 33645107780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demographic determination of the shape of density dependence for three African ungulate populations
    • Owen-Smith N: Demographic determination of the shape of density dependence for three African ungulate populations. Ecol Monogr 2006, 76:93-109.
    • (2006) Ecol Monogr , vol.76 , pp. 93-109
    • Owen-Smith, N.1
  • 14
    • 0030621378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population regulation in mammals: An evolutionary perspective
    • Wolff JO: Population regulation in mammals: an evolutionary perspective. J Anim Ecol 1997, 66:1-13.
    • (1997) J Anim Ecol , vol.66 , pp. 1-13
    • Wolff, J.O.1
  • 15
    • 0345581227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustained exponential population growth of grey seals at Sable Island, Nova Scotia
    • Bowen WD, McMillan J, Mohn R: Sustained exponential population growth of grey seals at Sable Island, Nova Scotia. ICES J Mar Sci 2003, 60:1265-1274.
    • (2003) ICES J Mar Sci , vol.60 , pp. 1265-1274
    • Bowen, W.D.1    McMillan, J.2    Mohn, R.3
  • 17
    • 33745970459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strength of evidence for density dependence in abundance time series of 1198 species
    • Brook BW, Bradshaw CJA: Strength of evidence for density dependence in abundance time series of 1198 species. Ecology 2006, 87:1445-1451.
    • (2006) Ecology , vol.87 , pp. 1445-1451
    • Brook, B.W.1    Bradshaw, C.J.A.2
  • 19
    • 0034490677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal changes in key factors and key age groups influencing the population dynamics of female red deer
    • Albon SD, Coulson TN, Brown D, Guinness FE, Pemberton JM, Clutton-Brock TH: Temporal changes in key factors and key age groups influencing the population dynamics of female red deer. J Anim Ecol 2000, 69:1099-1110.
    • (2000) J Anim Ecol , vol.69 , pp. 1099-1110
    • Albon, S.D.1    Coulson, T.N.2    Brown, D.3    Guinness, F.E.4    Pemberton, J.M.5    Clutton-Brock, T.H.6
  • 20
    • 26044474451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prey distribution and patchiness: Factors in foraging success and efficiency of wandering albatrosses
    • Weimerskirch H, Gault A, Cherel Y: Prey distribution and patchiness: factors in foraging success and efficiency of wandering albatrosses. Ecology 2005, 86:2622-2622.
    • (2005) Ecology , vol.86 , pp. 2622-2622
    • Weimerskirch, H.1    Gault, A.2    Cherel, Y.3
  • 21
    • 34247532156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hindell MA, Bradshaw CJA, Harcourt RG, Guinet C: Ecosystem monitoring: are seals a potential tool for monitoring change in marine systems? In Marine Mammals Fisheries, Tourism and Management Issues Chapter 17. Edited by: Gales NJ, Hindell MA and Kirkwood R. Melbourne, CSIRO Publishing; 2003:330-343.
    • Hindell MA, Bradshaw CJA, Harcourt RG, Guinet C: Ecosystem monitoring: are seals a potential tool for monitoring change in marine systems? In Marine Mammals Fisheries, Tourism and Management Issues Volume Chapter 17. Edited by: Gales NJ, Hindell MA and Kirkwood R. Melbourne, CSIRO Publishing; 2003:330-343.
  • 22
    • 13844250597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population status, trends and a re-examination of the hypotheses explaining the recent decreases of the southern elephant seal, Mirounga leonina
    • McMahon CR, Bester MN, Burton HR, Hindell MA, Bradshaw CJA: Population status, trends and a re-examination of the hypotheses explaining the recent decreases of the southern elephant seal, Mirounga leonina. Mamm Rev 2005, 35:82-100.
    • (2005) Mamm Rev , vol.35 , pp. 82-100
    • McMahon, C.R.1    Bester, M.N.2    Burton, H.R.3    Hindell, M.A.4    Bradshaw, C.J.A.5
  • 24
    • 33646553072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antarctic birds breed later in response to climate change
    • Barbraud C, Weimerskirch H: Antarctic birds breed later in response to climate change. PNAS 2006, 103:6248-6251.
    • (2006) PNAS , vol.103 , pp. 6248-6251
    • Barbraud, C.1    Weimerskirch, H.2
  • 25
    • 0027011488 scopus 로고
    • Southern Ocean environmental changes - effects on seabird, seal and whale populations
    • Croxall JP: Southern Ocean environmental changes - effects on seabird, seal and whale populations. Philos Trans R Soc Lond Ser B-Biol Sci 1992, 338:3 19-328.
    • (1992) Philos Trans R Soc Lond Ser B-Biol Sci , vol.338 , Issue.3 , pp. 19-328
    • Croxall, J.P.1
  • 26
    • 0025995058 scopus 로고
    • Some life-history parameters of a declining population of southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina
    • Hindell MA: Some life-history parameters of a declining population of southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina. J Anim Ecol 1991, 60:119-134.
    • (1991) J Anim Ecol , vol.60 , pp. 119-134
    • Hindell, M.A.1
  • 27
    • 0035931899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental response of upper-trophic level predators reveals ecosystem change in an Antarctic marine ecosystem
    • Reid K, Croxall JP: Environmental response of upper-trophic level predators reveals ecosystem change in an Antarctic marine ecosystem. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2001, 268:377-384.
    • (2001) Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci , vol.268 , pp. 377-384
    • Reid, K.1    Croxall, J.P.2
  • 28
    • 0038581676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in bird and seal populations as indicators of a system shift in the Southern Ocean
    • Weimerskirch H, Inchausti P, Guinet C, Barbraud C: Trends in bird and seal populations as indicators of a system shift in the Southern Ocean. Antarct Sci 2003, 15:249-256.
    • (2003) Antarct Sci , vol.15 , pp. 249-256
    • Weimerskirch, H.1    Inchausti, P.2    Guinet, C.3    Barbraud, C.4
  • 29
    • 0037199937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental change and Antarctic seabird populations
    • Croxall JP, Trathan PN, Murray EJ: Environmental change and Antarctic seabird populations. Science 2002, 297:1510-1514.
    • (2002) Science , vol.297 , pp. 1510-1514
    • Croxall, J.P.1    Trathan, P.N.2    Murray, E.J.3
  • 30
    • 0001631283 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the southern elephant seal, Mirounga leonina (L.). III. The annual cycle in relation to age and sex
    • Carrick R, Csordas SE, Ingham SE, Keith K: Studies on the southern elephant seal, Mirounga leonina (L.). III. The annual cycle in relation to age and sex. CSIRO Wildl Res 1962, 7:1 19-160.
    • (1962) CSIRO Wildl Res , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 19-160
    • Carrick, R.1    Csordas, S.E.2    Ingham, S.E.3    Keith, K.4
  • 31
    • 0024184630 scopus 로고
    • The history of the elephant seal industry at Macquarie Island and estimates of the pre-sealing numbers
    • Hindell MA, Burton HR: The history of the elephant seal industry at Macquarie Island and estimates of the pre-sealing numbers. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 1988, 122:159-176.
    • (1988) Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania , vol.122 , pp. 159-176
    • Hindell, M.A.1    Burton, H.R.2
  • 32
    • 0037281435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A demographic comparison of two southern elephant seal populations
    • McMahon CR, Burton HR, Bester MN: A demographic comparison of two southern elephant seal populations. J Anim Ecol 2003, 72:61-74.
    • (2003) J Anim Ecol , vol.72 , pp. 61-74
    • McMahon, C.R.1    Burton, H.R.2    Bester, M.N.3
  • 33
    • 4644251219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • At-sea distribution of female southern elephant seals relative to variation in ocean surface properties
    • Bradshaw CJA, Higgins J, Michael KJ, Wotherspoon SJ, Hindell MA: At-sea distribution of female southern elephant seals relative to variation in ocean surface properties. ICES J Mar Sci 2004, 61:1014-1027.
    • (2004) ICES J Mar Sci , vol.61 , pp. 1014-1027
    • Bradshaw, C.J.A.1    Higgins, J.2    Michael, K.J.3    Wotherspoon, S.J.4    Hindell, M.A.5
  • 34
    • 11944261308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resource partitioning through oceanic segregation of foraging juvenile southern elephant seals
    • Field IC, Bradshaw CJA, Burton HR, Sumner MD, Hindell MA: Resource partitioning through oceanic segregation of foraging juvenile southern elephant seals. Oecologia 2005, 142:127-135.
    • (2005) Oecologia , vol.142 , pp. 127-135
    • Field, I.C.1    Bradshaw, C.J.A.2    Burton, H.R.3    Sumner, M.D.4    Hindell, M.A.5
  • 36
    • 0033584322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental controls on the geographic distribution of Zooplankton diversity
    • Rutherford S, D'Hondt SD, Prell W: Environmental controls on the geographic distribution of Zooplankton diversity. Nature 1999, 400:749-753.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.400 , pp. 749-753
    • Rutherford, S.1    D'Hondt, S.D.2    Prell, W.3
  • 37
    • 0344253209 scopus 로고
    • Influence of rare ecological events on pinniped social structure and population dynamics
    • Trillmich F: Influence of rare ecological events on pinniped social structure and population dynamics. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London 1993, 66:95-114.
    • (1993) Symposia of the Zoological Society of London , vol.66 , pp. 95-114
    • Trillmich, F.1
  • 38
    • 0035077394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weaning mass variation of southern elephant seals at King George Island and its possible relationship with 'El Niño' and 'La Niña' events
    • Vergani DF, Stanganelli ZB, Bilenca D: Weaning mass variation of southern elephant seals at King George Island and its possible relationship with 'El Niño' and 'La Niña' events. Antarct Sci 2001, 13:37-40.
    • (2001) Antarct Sci , vol.13 , pp. 37-40
    • Vergani, D.F.1    Stanganelli, Z.B.2    Bilenca, D.3
  • 39
    • 1842421322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of El Niño and La Nina events on the sex ratio of southern elephant seals at King George Island
    • Vergani DF, Stanganelli ZB, Bilenca D: Effects of El Niño and La Nina events on the sex ratio of southern elephant seals at King George Island. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 2004, 268:203-300.
    • (2004) Mar Ecol Prog Ser , vol.268 , pp. 203-300
    • Vergani, D.F.1    Stanganelli, Z.B.2    Bilenca, D.3
  • 40
    • 21844445881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change and seal survival: Evidence for environmentally mediated changes in elephant seal, Mirounga leonina, pup survival
    • McMahon CR, Burton HR: Climate change and seal survival: evidence for environmentally mediated changes in elephant seal, Mirounga leonina, pup survival. Proc Biol Sci 2005, 272:923-928.
    • (2005) Proc Biol Sci , vol.272 , pp. 923-928
    • McMahon, C.R.1    Burton, H.R.2
  • 41
    • 33845702072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ENSO as an integrating concept in earth science
    • McPhaden MJ, Zebiak SE, Glantz MH: ENSO as an integrating concept in earth science. Science 2006, 314:1740-1745.
    • (2006) Science , vol.314 , pp. 1740-1745
    • McPhaden, M.J.1    Zebiak, S.E.2    Glantz, M.H.3
  • 42
    • 1142281840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Harem choice and breeding experience of female southern elephant seals influence offspring survival
    • McMahon CR, Bradshaw CJA: Harem choice and breeding experience of female southern elephant seals influence offspring survival. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2004, 55:349-362.
    • (2004) Behav Ecol Sociobiol , vol.55 , pp. 349-362
    • McMahon, C.R.1    Bradshaw, C.J.A.2
  • 43
    • 0020217959 scopus 로고
    • An analysis of the southern elephant seal Mirounga leonina breeding population at Kerguelen
    • Bester MN, Lenglart PY: An analysis of the southern elephant seal Mirounga leonina breeding population at Kerguelen. S Afr J Antarct Res 1982, 12:11-116.
    • (1982) S Afr J Antarct Res , vol.12 , pp. 11-116
    • Bester, M.N.1    Lenglart, P.Y.2
  • 44
    • 0002010570 scopus 로고
    • Fluctuations in the population of southern elephant seals Mirounga leonina at Kerguelen Island
    • van Aarde RJ: Fluctuations in the population of southern elephant seals Mirounga leonina at Kerguelen Island. S Afr J Zool 1980, 15:99-106.
    • (1980) S Afr J Zool , vol.15 , pp. 99-106
    • van Aarde, R.J.1
  • 45
    • 0032742472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survivorship of a declining population of southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina, in relation to age, sex and cohort
    • Pistorius PA, Bester MN, Kirkman SP: Survivorship of a declining population of southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina, in relation to age, sex and cohort. Oecologia 1999, 121:201-211.
    • (1999) Oecologia , vol.121 , pp. 201-211
    • Pistorius, P.A.1    Bester, M.N.2    Kirkman, S.P.3
  • 46
    • 0035025906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal changes in fecundity and age at sexual maturity of southern elephant seals at Marion Island
    • Pistorius PA, Bester MN, Kirkman SP, Taylor FE: Temporal changes in fecundity and age at sexual maturity of southern elephant seals at Marion Island. Polar Biol 2001, 24:343-348.
    • (2001) Polar Biol , vol.24 , pp. 343-348
    • Pistorius, P.A.1    Bester, M.N.2    Kirkman, S.P.3    Taylor, F.E.4
  • 48
    • 0001025770 scopus 로고
    • Quantifying unequal catchability and its effect on survival estimates in an actual population
    • Carothers AD: Quantifying unequal catchability and its effect on survival estimates in an actual population. J Anim Ecol 1979, 48:863-869.
    • (1979) J Anim Ecol , vol.48 , pp. 863-869
    • Carothers, A.D.1
  • 49
    • 0034213991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weaning mass and the future survival of juvenile southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina, at Macquarie Island
    • McMahon CR, Burton HR, Bester MM: Weaning mass and the future survival of juvenile southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina, at Macquarie Island. Antarct Sci 2000, 12:149-153.
    • (2000) Antarct Sci , vol.12 , pp. 149-153
    • McMahon, C.R.1    Burton, H.R.2    Bester, M.M.3
  • 52
    • 0033824380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bradshaw CJA, Davis LS, Lalas C, Harcourt RG: Geographic and temporal variation in the condition of pups of the New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri): evidence for density dependence and differences in the marine environment, J Zool Lond 2000, 252:41-51.
    • Bradshaw CJA, Davis LS, Lalas C, Harcourt RG: Geographic and temporal variation in the condition of pups of the New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri): evidence for density dependence and differences in the marine environment, J Zool Lond 2000, 252:41-51.
  • 53
    • 0024885351 scopus 로고
    • Seeing the wood for the trees: Detecting density dependence from existing life-table data
    • Hassell MP, Latto J, May RM: Seeing the wood for the trees: detecting density dependence from existing life-table data. J Anim Ecol 1989, 58:883-892.
    • (1989) J Anim Ecol , vol.58 , pp. 883-892
    • Hassell, M.P.1    Latto, J.2    May, R.M.3
  • 55
    • 0033029436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • El Niño-Southern Oscillationdriven rainfall variability and delayed density dependence cause rodent outbreaks in western South America: Linking demography and population dynamics
    • Lima M, Keymer JE, Jaksic FM: El Niño-Southern Oscillationdriven rainfall variability and delayed density dependence cause rodent outbreaks in western South America: linking demography and population dynamics. Am Nat 1999, 153:476-491.
    • (1999) Am Nat , vol.153 , pp. 476-491
    • Lima, M.1    Keymer, J.E.2    Jaksic, F.M.3
  • 56
    • 0013262378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptic density dependence: Effects of covariation between density and site quality in reef fish
    • Shima JS, Osenberg CW: Cryptic density dependence: effects of covariation between density and site quality in reef fish. Ecology 2003, 84:46-52.
    • (2003) Ecology , vol.84 , pp. 46-52
    • Shima, J.S.1    Osenberg, C.W.2
  • 57
    • 0002816751 scopus 로고
    • Density dependence in northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus)
    • Fowler CW: Density dependence in northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus). Mar Mamm Sci 1990, 6:171-195.
    • (1990) Mar Mamm Sci , vol.6 , pp. 171-195
    • Fowler, C.W.1
  • 58
    • 0026525599 scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting early mortality in the South American fur seal (Arctocephalus australis) in Peru: Density-related effects and predation
    • Harcourt RG: Factors affecting early mortality in the South American fur seal (Arctocephalus australis) in Peru: density-related effects and predation, J Zool Lond 1992, 226:259-270.
    • (1992) J Zool Lond , vol.226 , pp. 259-270
    • Harcourt, R.G.1
  • 59
    • 0013418469 scopus 로고
    • Density-dependent processes and management strategy for the Northwest Atlantic harp seal population
    • Edited by: Fowler CW and Smith TD. New York, John Wiley and Sons;
    • Lett PF, Mohn RK, Gray DF: Density-dependent processes and management strategy for the Northwest Atlantic harp seal population. In Dynamics of large mammal populations Edited by: Fowler CW and Smith TD. New York, John Wiley and Sons; 1981:135-157.
    • (1981) Dynamics of large mammal populations , pp. 135-157
    • Lett, P.F.1    Mohn, R.K.2    Gray, D.F.3
  • 60
    • 85178373101 scopus 로고
    • Life history strategies of female northern elephant seals
    • Edited by: Le Boeuf BJ and Laws RM. Berkeley, California, University of California Press;
    • Sydeman WJ, Nur N: Life history strategies of female northern elephant seals. In Elephant Seals: Population Ecology, Behavior and Physiology Edited by: Le Boeuf BJ and Laws RM. Berkeley, California, University of California Press; 1994:137-153.
    • (1994) Elephant Seals: Population Ecology, Behavior and Physiology , pp. 137-153
    • Sydeman, W.J.1    Nur, N.2
  • 61
    • 17644400191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth of female southern elephant seals Mirounga leonina at Macquarie Island
    • Bell CM, Burton HR, Lea MA, Hindell MA: Growth of female southern elephant seals Mirounga leonina at Macquarie Island. Polar Biol 2005, 28:395-402.
    • (2005) Polar Biol , vol.28 , pp. 395-402
    • Bell, C.M.1    Burton, H.R.2    Lea, M.A.3    Hindell, M.A.4
  • 62
    • 12744279685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reevaluating evidence of density-dependent growth in northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) based on measurements of archived skeletal specimens
    • Etnier MA: Reevaluating evidence of density-dependent growth in northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) based on measurements of archived skeletal specimens. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 2004, 61:1616-1626.
    • (2004) Can J Fish Aquat Sci , vol.61 , pp. 1616-1626
    • Etnier, M.A.1
  • 63
    • 0033883950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Density dependence at some time and place?
    • Sale PF, Tolimieri N: Density dependence at some time and place? Oecologia 2000, 124:166-171.
    • (2000) Oecologia , vol.124 , pp. 166-171
    • Sale, P.F.1    Tolimieri, N.2
  • 64
    • 0000691040 scopus 로고
    • Optimal policies for the conservation of large mammals, with special reference to marine ecosystems. Environmental Conservation, 4
    • Eberhardt LL: Optimal policies for the conservation of large mammals, with special reference to marine ecosystems. Environmental Conservation, 4. Environ Conserv 1977, 4:205-212.
    • (1977) Environ Conserv , vol.4 , pp. 205-212
    • Eberhardt, L.L.1
  • 65
    • 2542469120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adult female survival, population trend, and the implications of early primiparity in a capital breeder, the southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina)
    • Pistorius PA, Bester MN, Lewis MN, Taylor FE, Campagna C, Kirkman SP: Adult female survival, population trend, and the implications of early primiparity in a capital breeder, the southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina). J Zool Lond 2004, 263:107-119.
    • (2004) J Zool Lond , vol.263 , pp. 107-119
    • Pistorius, P.A.1    Bester, M.N.2    Lewis, M.N.3    Taylor, F.E.4    Campagna, C.5    Kirkman, S.P.6
  • 66
    • 0036306703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Juvenile survival and population regulation in southern elephant seals at Marion Island
    • Pistorius PA, Bester MN: Juvenile survival and population regulation in southern elephant seals at Marion Island. Afr Zool 2002, 37:35-41.
    • (2002) Afr Zool , vol.37 , pp. 35-41
    • Pistorius, P.A.1    Bester, M.N.2
  • 67
    • 0013433257 scopus 로고
    • Ecological studies of the southern elephant seal Mirounga leonina (L.), at Macquarie Island and at Heard Island
    • Carrick R, Ingham SE: Ecological studies of the southern elephant seal Mirounga leonina (L.), at Macquarie Island and at Heard Island. Mammalia 1960, 24:325-342.
    • (1960) Mammalia , vol.24 , pp. 325-342
    • Carrick, R.1    Ingham, S.E.2
  • 68
    • 0032954883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First-year survival of southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina, at sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island
    • McMahon CR, Burton HR, Bester MN: First-year survival of southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina, at sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island. Polar Biol 1999, 21:279-284.
    • (1999) Polar Biol , vol.21 , pp. 279-284
    • McMahon, C.R.1    Burton, H.R.2    Bester, M.N.3
  • 71
    • 31444453390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Branding can be justified in vital conservation research
    • McMahon CR, Bradshaw CJA, Hays GC: Branding can be justified in vital conservation research. Nature 2006, 439:392.
    • (2006) Nature , vol.439 , pp. 392
    • McMahon, C.R.1    Bradshaw, C.J.A.2    Hays, G.C.3
  • 72
    • 0036266689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Migrations and foraging of juvenile southern elephant seals from Macquarie Island within CCAMLR managed areas
    • van den Hoff J, Burton HR, Hindell MA, Sumner MD, McMahon CR: Migrations and foraging of juvenile southern elephant seals from Macquarie Island within CCAMLR managed areas. Antarct Sci 2002, 14:134-145.
    • (2002) Antarct Sci , vol.14 , pp. 134-145
    • van den Hoff, J.1    Burton, H.R.2    Hindell, M.A.3    Sumner, M.D.4    McMahon, C.R.5
  • 73
    • 0023584678 scopus 로고
    • Past and present status of the southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) at Macquarie Island
    • Hindell MA, Burton HR: Past and present status of the southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) at Macquarie Island. J Zool Lond 1987, 213:365-380.
    • (1987) J Zool Lond , vol.213 , pp. 365-380
    • Hindell, M.A.1    Burton, H.R.2
  • 74
    • 85178344851 scopus 로고
    • History and present status of southern elephant seal populations
    • Edited by: Le Boeuf BJ and Laws RM. Berkeley, University of California Press;
    • Laws RM: History and present status of southern elephant seal populations. In Elephant Seals: Population Ecology, Behavior, and Physiology Edited by: Le Boeuf BJ and Laws RM. Berkeley, University of California Press; 1994:49-65.
    • (1994) Elephant Seals: Population Ecology, Behavior, and Physiology , pp. 49-65
    • Laws, R.M.1
  • 76
    • 0028180186 scopus 로고
    • Density dependence in time series observations of natural populations: Estimation and testing
    • Dennis B, Taper ML: Density dependence in time series observations of natural populations: estimation and testing. Ecol Monogr 1994, 64:205-224.
    • (1994) Ecol Monogr , vol.64 , pp. 205-224
    • Dennis, B.1    Taper, M.L.2
  • 77
    • 0033453305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Program MARK: Survival estimation from populations of marked animals
    • White GC, Burnham KP: Program MARK: survival estimation from populations of marked animals. Bird Study 1999, 46 (Supplement):120-138.
    • (1999) Bird Study , vol.46 , Issue.SUPPL.EMENT , pp. 120-138
    • White, G.C.1    Burnham, K.P.2
  • 78
    • 0000501656 scopus 로고
    • Information theory as an extension of the maximum likelihood principle
    • Edited by: Petrov BN and Csaki F. Budapest, Hungary
    • Akaike H: Information theory as an extension of the maximum likelihood principle. In Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Information Theory Edited by: Petrov BN and Csaki F. Budapest, Hungary, ; 1973:267-281.
    • (1973) Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Information Theory , pp. 267-281
    • Akaike, H.1
  • 79
    • 34247533966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology
    • Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology [http://www.bom. gov.au]


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.