메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 35, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 82-100

Population status, trends and a re-examination of the hypotheses explaining the recent declines of the southern elephant seal Mirounga leonina

Author keywords

Environmental change; Interspecific competition; Marine mammals; Pinnipedia; Population trends

Indexed keywords

FOOD AVAILABILITY; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; PINNIPED; POPULATION DECLINE; POPULATION DYNAMICS;

EID: 13844250597     PISSN: 03051838     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2907.2005.00055.x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (123)

References (129)
  • 1
    • 0002010570 scopus 로고
    • Fluctuation in the population of southern elephant seal Mirounga leonina at Kerguélen Island
    • van Aarde, R.J. (1980) Fluctuation in the population of southern elephant seal Mirounga leonina at Kerguélen Island. South African Journal of Zoology, 15, 99-106.
    • (1980) South African Journal of Zoology , vol.15 , pp. 99-106
    • van Aarde, R.J.1
  • 3
    • 13844258242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anonymous Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand
    • Anonymous (2001) Antipodes Island Report. Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand.
    • (2001) Antipodes Island Report
  • 4
    • 0030616873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting maternal expenditure in southern elephant seals during lactation
    • Arnbom, T., Fedak, M.A. & Boyd, I.L. (1997) Factors affecting maternal expenditure in southern elephant seals during lactation. Ecology, 78, 471-483.
    • (1997) Ecology , vol.78 , pp. 471-483
    • Arnbom, T.1    Fedak, M.A.2    Boyd, I.L.3
  • 5
    • 0035837356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emperor penguins and climate change
    • Barbraud, C. & Weimerskirch, H. (2001) Emperor penguins and climate change. Nature, 411, 183-186.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.411 , pp. 183-186
    • Barbraud, C.1    Weimerskirch, H.2
  • 6
    • 0000761233 scopus 로고
    • L'Elephant de mer Mirounga leonina de L'ile de la Possession, archipel Crozet (46°25′S, 51°45′E)
    • Barrat, A. & Mougin, J.L. (1978) L'Elephant de mer Mirounga leonina de L'ile de la Possession, archipel Crozet (46°25′S, 51°45′E). Mammalia, 42, 143-174.
    • (1978) Mammalia , vol.42 , pp. 143-174
    • Barrat, A.1    Mougin, J.L.2
  • 8
    • 0031436575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth of the southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina, during their first foraging trip
    • Bell, C.M., Burton, H.R. & Hindell, M.A. (1997) Growth of the southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina, during their first foraging trip. Australian Journal of Zoology, 45, 447-458.
    • (1997) Australian Journal of Zoology , vol.45 , pp. 447-458
    • Bell, C.M.1    Burton, H.R.2    Hindell, M.A.3
  • 9
    • 0036327120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological effects of regime shifts in the Bering Sea and eastern North Pacific Ocean
    • Benson, A.J. & Trites, A.W. (2002) Ecological effects of regime shifts in the Bering Sea and eastern North Pacific Ocean. Fish and Fisheries 3, 95-113.
    • (2002) Fish and Fisheries , vol.3 , pp. 95-113
    • Benson, A.J.1    Trites, A.W.2
  • 10
    • 0000998370 scopus 로고
    • Marking and monitoring studies of the Kerguélen stock of southern elephant seals Mirounga leonina and their bearing on biological research in the Vestfold Hills
    • Bester, M.N. (1988) Marking and monitoring studies of the Kerguélen stock of southern elephant seals Mirounga leonina and their bearing on biological research in the Vestfold Hills. Hydrobiologia 165, 269-277.
    • (1988) Hydrobiologia , vol.165 , pp. 269-277
    • Bester, M.N.1
  • 11
    • 0020217959 scopus 로고
    • An analysis of the southern elephant seal, Mirounga leonina, breeding population at Kerguélen Island
    • Bester, M.N. & Lenglart, P.-Y. (1982) An analysis of the southern elephant seal, Mirounga leonina, breeding population at Kerguélen Island. South African Journal of Antarctic Research, 12, 11-16.
    • (1982) South African Journal of Antarctic Research , vol.12 , pp. 11-16
    • Bester, M.N.1    Lenglart, P.-Y.2
  • 13
    • 85178338700 scopus 로고
    • Population ecology of southern elephant seals at Marion Island
    • (Ed. by B.J. LeBoeuf & R.M. Laws), University of California Press, Berkeley
    • Bester, M.N. & Wilkinson, I.S. (1994) Population ecology of southern elephant seals at Marion Island. In: Elephant Seals: Population Ecology, Behaviour, and Physiology (Ed. by B.J. LeBoeuf & R.M. Laws), pp. 85-97. University of California Press, Berkeley.
    • (1994) Elephant Seals: Population Ecology, Behaviour, and Physiology , pp. 85-97
    • Bester, M.N.1    Wilkinson, I.S.2
  • 15
    • 0028975749 scopus 로고
    • Population demography of Antarctic fur seals: The costs of reproduction and implications for life-histories
    • Boyd, I.L., Croxall, J.P., Lunn, N.J. & Reid, K. (1995) Population demography of Antarctic fur seals: the costs of reproduction and implications for life-histories. Journal of Animal Ecology, 64 505-518.
    • (1995) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.64 , pp. 505-518
    • Boyd, I.L.1    Croxall, J.P.2    Lunn, N.J.3    Reid, K.4
  • 16
    • 0029669772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Status of southern elephant seals at South Georgia
    • Boyd, I.L., Walker, T.R. & Poncet, J. (1996) Status of southern elephant seals at South Georgia. Antarctic Science, 8, 237-244.
    • (1996) Antarctic Science , vol.8 , pp. 237-244
    • Boyd, I.L.1    Walker, T.R.2    Poncet, J.3
  • 18
    • 0036669623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The optimal spatial scale for the analysis of elephant seal foraging as determined by geo-location in relation to sea surface temperatures
    • Bradshaw, C.I.A., Hindell, M.A., Michael, K.J. & Sumner, M.D. (2002a) The optimal spatial scale for the analysis of elephant seal foraging as determined by geo-location in relation to sea surface temperatures. ICES Journal of Marine Biology, 59, 770-781.
    • (2002) ICES Journal of Marine Biology , vol.59 , pp. 770-781
    • Bradshaw, C.I.A.1    Hindell, M.A.2    Michael, K.J.3    Sumner, M.D.4
  • 20
    • 84971055522 scopus 로고
    • Lactation and suckling in relation to early growth of the southern elephant seal, Mirounga leonina (L)
    • Bryden, M.M. (1968) Lactation and suckling in relation to early growth of the southern elephant seal, Mirounga leonina (L). Australian Journal of Zoology, 16, 739-748.
    • (1968) Australian Journal of Zoology , vol.16 , pp. 739-748
    • Bryden, M.M.1
  • 21
    • 0001854536 scopus 로고
    • A substantial decline in numbers of the southern elephant seal at Heard Island
    • Burton, H. (1986) A substantial decline in numbers of the southern elephant seal at Heard Island. Tasmanian Naturalist, 86, 4-8.
    • (1986) Tasmanian Naturalist , vol.86 , pp. 4-8
    • Burton, H.1
  • 22
    • 0001277665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Significant differences in the weaning mass of southern elephant seals from five sub-Antarctic islands in relation to population declines
    • (Ed. by B. Battaglia, J. Valencia & D.W.H. Watton), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Burton, H.R., Arnbom, T.L.B.I., Bester, M.N., Vergani, D. & Wilkinson, I. (1997) Significant differences in the weaning mass of southern elephant seals from five sub-Antarctic islands in relation to population declines. In: Antarctic Communities: Species Structure and Survival (Ed. by B. Battaglia, J. Valencia & D.W.H. Watton), pp. 335-338. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (1997) Antarctic Communities: Species Structure and Survival , pp. 335-338
    • Burton, H.R.1    Arnbom, T.L.B.I.2    Bester, M.N.3    Vergani, D.4    Wilkinson, I.5
  • 23
    • 84983504828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Humans and the southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina)
    • Burton, H.R. & van den Hoff, J. (2002) Humans and the southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina). Australian Mammalogy, 24, 127-139.
    • (2002) Australian Mammalogy , vol.24 , pp. 127-139
    • Burton, H.R.1    van den Hoff, J.2
  • 24
    • 0027089147 scopus 로고
    • Growth and distribution of a southern elephant seal colony
    • Campagna, C. & Lewis, M. (1992) Growth and distribution of a southern elephant seal colony. Marine Mammal Science, 8, 387-396.
    • (1992) Marine Mammal Science , vol.8 , pp. 387-396
    • Campagna, C.1    Lewis, M.2
  • 25
    • 0032941666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mass changes during their annual cycle in females of southern elephant seals at King George Island
    • Carlini, A.R., Marquez, M.E.I., Daneri, G.A. & Poljak, S. (1999) Mass changes during their annual cycle in females of southern elephant seals at King George Island. Polar Biology, 21, 234-239.
    • (1999) Polar Biology , vol.21 , pp. 234-239
    • Carlini, A.R.1    Marquez, M.E.I.2    Daneri, G.A.3    Poljak, S.4
  • 26
    • 0001631285 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the southern elephant seal Mirounga leonina (L) I Introduction to the series
    • Carrick, R. & Ingham, S.E. (1962) Studies on the southern elephant seal Mirounga leonina (L) I Introduction to the series. CSIRO Wildlife Research, 7, 89-101.
    • (1962) CSIRO Wildlife Research , vol.7 , pp. 89-101
    • Carrick, R.1    Ingham, S.E.2
  • 29
    • 18744435266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A method to assess population changes in king penguins: The use of a geographical information system to estimate area-population relationships
    • Chamaille-Jammes, S., Guinet, C., Nicoleau, F. & Argentier, M, (2000 A method to assess population changes in king penguins: the use of a geographical information system to estimate area-population relationships. Polar Biology, 23, 545-549.
    • (2000) Polar Biology , vol.23 , pp. 545-549
    • Chamaille-Jammes, S.1    Guinet, C.2    Nicoleau, F.3    Argentier, M.4
  • 30
    • 0020461394 scopus 로고
    • Cephalopods in the diet of southern elephant seals at Signy Island South Orkney Islands
    • Clarke, M.R. & MacLeod, N. (1982) Cephalopods in the diet of southern elephant seals at Signy Island South Orkney Islands. British Antarctic Survey Bulletin, 57, 22-31.
    • (1982) British Antarctic Survey Bulletin , vol.57 , pp. 22-31
    • Clarke, M.R.1    MacLeod, N.2
  • 31
    • 0002383968 scopus 로고
    • The distribution and abundance of southern elephant seals Mirounga leonina (Linn) on the Prince Edward Islands
    • Condy, P.R. (1978) The distribution and abundance of southern elephant seals Mirounga leonina (Linn) on the Prince Edward Islands. South African Journal of Antarctic Research, 8, 42-48.
    • (1978) South African Journal of Antarctic Research , vol.8 , pp. 42-48
    • Condy, P.R.1
  • 32
    • 0345135994 scopus 로고
    • The population of southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina, at Marion Island, 1973-83
    • Condy, P.R. (1984) The population of southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina, at Marion Island, 1973-83. South African Journal of Science, 80, 26-27.
    • (1984) South African Journal of Science , vol.80 , pp. 26-27
    • Condy, P.R.1
  • 33
    • 0000084145 scopus 로고
    • The seasonal occurrence and behaviour of killer whales (Orcinus orca) at Marion Island
    • Condy, P.R., van Aarde, R.J. & Bester, M.N. (1978) The seasonal occurrence and behaviour of killer whales (Orcinus orca) at Marion Island. Journal of Zoology London, 184, 449-464.
    • (1978) Journal of Zoology, London , vol.184 , pp. 449-464
    • Condy, P.R.1    van Aarde, R.J.2    Bester, M.N.3
  • 34
    • 0036922386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fish prey of the southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina, at King George Island
    • Daneri, G.A. & Carlini, A.R. (2002) Fish prey of the southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina, at King George Island. Polar Biology 25, 739-743.
    • (2002) Polar Biology , vol.25 , pp. 739-743
    • Daneri, G.A.1    Carlini, A.R.2
  • 35
    • 0034162264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cephalopod diet of the southern elephant seal, Mirounga leonina, at King George Island, South Shetland Islands
    • Daneri, G.A., Carlini, A.R. & Rodhouse, P.G.K. (2000) Cephalopod diet of the southern elephant seal, Mirounga leonina, at King George Island, South Shetland Islands. Antarctic Science, 12, 16-19.
    • (2000) Antarctic Science , vol.12 , pp. 16-19
    • Daneri, G.A.1    Carlini, A.R.2    Rodhouse, P.G.K.3
  • 36
    • 0036932347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adrenocortical responsiveness in southern elephant seal mothers and pups during lactation and the effect of scientific handling
    • Engelhard, G.H., Brasseur, S., Hall, A.J., Burton, H.R. & Reijnders, P.J.H. (2002a) Adrenocortical responsiveness in southern elephant seal mothers and pups during lactation and the effect of scientific handling. Journal of Comparative Physiology, B, 172, 315-328.
    • (2002) Journal of Comparative Physiology, B , vol.172 , pp. 315-328
    • Engelhard, G.H.1    Brasseur, S.2    Hall, A.J.3    Burton, H.R.4    Reijnders, P.J.H.5
  • 39
    • 0032538599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Killer whale predation on sea otters linking oceanic and nearshore ecosystems
    • Estes, J.A., Tinker, M.T., Williams, T.M. & Doak, D.F. (1998) Killer whale predation on sea otters linking oceanic and nearshore ecosystems. Science, 282, 473-476.
    • (1998) Science , vol.282 , pp. 473-476
    • Estes, J.A.1    Tinker, M.T.2    Williams, T.M.3    Doak, D.F.4
  • 40
    • 0346037286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-range paternal gene flow in the southern elephant seal
    • Fabiani, A., Hoelzel, A.R., Galimberti, F. & Muelbert, M.M.C. (2003) Long-range paternal gene flow in the southern elephant seal. Science 299, 676.
    • (2003) Science , vol.299 , pp. 676
    • Fabiani, A.1    Hoelzel, A.R.2    Galimberti, F.3    Muelbert, M.M.C.4
  • 41
    • 0030474071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relation between the size of southern elephant seal mothers, the growth of their pups and the use of maternal energy, fat and protein during lactation
    • Fedak, M.A., Arnbom, T.A. & Boyd, I.L. (1996) The relation between the size of southern elephant seal mothers, the growth of their pups and the use of maternal energy, fat and protein during lactation. Physiological Zoology, 69, 887-911.
    • (1996) Physiological Zoology , vol.69 , pp. 887-911
    • Fedak, M.A.1    Arnbom, T.A.2    Boyd, I.L.3
  • 43
    • 0033941512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of population trends from farmland birds using generalized additive models
    • Fewster, R.M., Buckland, S.T., Siriwardena, G.M., Baillie, S.R. & Wilson, J.D. (2000) Analysis of population trends from farmland birds using generalized additive models. Ecology, 81, 1970-1984.
    • (2000) Ecology , vol.81 , pp. 1970-1984
    • Fewster, R.M.1    Buckland, S.T.2    Siriwardena, G.M.3    Baillie, S.R.4    Wilson, J.D.5
  • 44
    • 0032950095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demography and breeding biology of a small, localized population of southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina)
    • Galimberti, F. & Boitani, L. (1999) Demography and breeding biology of a small, localized population of southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina). Marine Mammal Science, 15, 159-178.
    • (1999) Marine Mammal Science , vol.15 , pp. 159-178
    • Galimberti, F.1    Boitani, L.2
  • 45
    • 0033662609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Female strategies of harassment reduction in southern elephant seals
    • Galimberti, F., Boitani, L. & Marzetti, I. (2000a) Female strategies of harassment reduction in southern elephant seals. Ethology Ecology and Evolution, 12, 367-388.
    • (2000) Ethology Ecology and Evolution , vol.12 , pp. 367-388
    • Galimberti, F.1    Boitani, L.2    Marzetti, I.3
  • 46
  • 47
    • 0023477720 scopus 로고
    • A power analysis for detecting trends
    • Gerrodette, T. (1987) A power analysis for detecting trends. Ecology 68, 1364-1372.
    • (1987) Ecology , vol.68 , pp. 1364-1372
    • Gerrodette, T.1
  • 48
    • 0028919278 scopus 로고
    • Modulation of hemispheric sea-ice cover by ENSO events
    • Gloersen, P. (1995) Modulation of hemispheric sea-ice cover by ENSO events. Nature, 373, 503-506.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.373 , pp. 503-506
    • Gloersen, P.1
  • 49
    • 0027800447 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the stomach contents of the southern elephant seal, Mirounga leonina, at Macquarie and Heard Islands
    • Green, K. & Burton, H.R. (1993) Comparison of the stomach contents of the southern elephant seal, Mirounga leonina, at Macquarie and Heard Islands. Marine Mammal Science, 9, 10-22.
    • (1993) Marine Mammal Science , vol.9 , pp. 10-22
    • Green, K.1    Burton, H.R.2
  • 50
    • 0027084525 scopus 로고
    • Croissance des elephants de mer de l'archipel Crozet (46°25′S, 51°45′E) pendant leur premiere annee de vie
    • Guinet, C. (1992) Croissance des elephants de mer de l'archipel Crozet (46°25′S, 51°45′E) pendant leur premiere annee de vie. Mammalia 56, 459-468.
    • (1992) Mammalia , vol.56 , pp. 459-468
    • Guinet, C.1
  • 51
    • 0000491880 scopus 로고
    • Population changes, haulout pattern and movements of southern elephant seals on Crozet and Kerguélen Archipelago
    • Guinet, C., Jouventin, P. & Weimerskirch, H. (1992) Population changes, haulout pattern and movements of southern elephant seals on Crozet and Kerguélen Archipelago. Polar Biology, 12, 349-356.
    • (1992) Polar Biology , vol.12 , pp. 349-356
    • Guinet, C.1    Jouventin, P.2    Weimerskirch, H.3
  • 52
    • 0033150054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent population change of the southern elephant seal at Iles Crozet and Iles Kerguélen: The end of the decrease
    • Guinet, C., Jouventin, P. & Weimerskirch, H. (1999) Recent population change of the southern elephant seal at Iles Crozet and Iles Kerguélen: the end of the decrease. Antarctic Science, 11 193-197.
    • (1999) Antarctic Science , vol.11 , pp. 193-197
    • Guinet, C.1    Jouventin, P.2    Weimerskirch, H.3
  • 53
    • 0036847759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 2002 European seal plague: Epidemiology and population consequences
    • Harding, K.C., Harkonen, T. & Caswell, H. (2002) The 2002 European seal plague: epidemiology and population consequences. Ecology Letters, 5, 727-732.
    • (2002) Ecology Letters , vol.5 , pp. 727-732
    • Harding, K.C.1    Harkonen, T.2    Caswell, H.3
  • 54
    • 0025591554 scopus 로고
    • Mass mortality in marine mammals: It's implications for population dynamics and genetics
    • Harwood, J. & Hall, A. (1990) Mass mortality in marine mammals: it's implications for population dynamics and genetics. Evolution and Ecology, 5, 254-257.
    • (1990) Evolution and Ecology , vol.5 , pp. 254-257
    • Harwood, J.1    Hall, A.2
  • 55
    • 0025995058 scopus 로고
    • Some life-history parameters of a declining population of southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina
    • Hindell, M.A. (1991) Some life-history parameters of a declining population of southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina. Journal of Animal Ecology, 60, 119-134.
    • (1991) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.60 , pp. 119-134
    • Hindell, M.A.1
  • 56
    • 13844260067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecosystem monitoring and modelling: Can marine mammals signal or predict change? In Marine mammals and humans
    • (Ed. by N. Gales, M.A. Hindell & R. Kirkwood). CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne
    • Hindell, M.A., Bradshaw, C.J.A., Guinet, C. & Harcourt, R.G. (2003a) Ecosystem monitoring and modelling: can marine mammals signal or predict change? In Marine mammals and humans. In: Towards a Sustainable Balance (Ed. by N. Gales, M.A. Hindell & R. Kirkwood). CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne.
    • (2003) Towards a Sustainable Balance
    • Hindell, M.A.1    Bradshaw, C.J.A.2    Guinet, C.3    Harcourt, R.G.4
  • 57
    • 0038171348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dispersal of female southern elephant seals and their prey consumption during the austral summer: Relevance to management and oceanographic zones
    • Hindell, M.A., Bradshaw, C.J.A., Sumner, M.D., Michael, K. & Burton, H.R. (2003b) Dispersal of female southern elephant seals and their prey consumption during the austral summer: relevance to management and oceanographic zones. Journal of Applied Ecology, 40, 703-715.
    • (2003) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.40 , pp. 703-715
    • Hindell, M.A.1    Bradshaw, C.J.A.2    Sumner, M.D.3    Michael, K.4    Burton, H.R.5
  • 58
    • 0023584678 scopus 로고
    • Past and present status of the southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) at Macquarie Island
    • Hindell, M.A. & Burton, H.R. (1987) Past and present status of the southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) at Macquarie Island. Journal of Zoology, London, 231, 365-380.
    • (1987) Journal of Zoology, London , vol.231 , pp. 365-380
    • Hindell, M.A.1    Burton, H.R.2
  • 59
    • 0024184630 scopus 로고
    • The history of the elephant seal industry at Macquarie Island and an estimate of pre-sealing numbers
    • Hindell, M.A. & Burton, H.R. (1988a) The history of the elephant seal industry at Macquarie Island and an estimate of pre-sealing numbers. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania, 122, 159-176.
    • (1988) Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania , vol.122 , pp. 159-176
    • Hindell, M.A.1    Burton, H.R.2
  • 60
    • 0024182707 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal haul-out patterns of the southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) at Macquarie Island
    • Hindell, M.A. & Burton, H.R. (1988b) Seasonal haul-out patterns of the southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) at Macquarie Island. Journal of Mammology, 69, 81-88.
    • (1988) Journal of Mammology , vol.69 , pp. 81-88
    • Hindell, M.A.1    Burton, H.R.2
  • 61
    • 0026299606 scopus 로고
    • Foraging areas of southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina, as inferred from water temperature data
    • Hindell, M.A., Burton, H.R. & Slip, D.J. (1991) Foraging areas of southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina, as inferred from water temperature data. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 42, 115-128.
    • (1991) Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research , vol.42 , pp. 115-128
    • Hindell, M.A.1    Burton, H.R.2    Slip, D.J.3
  • 62
    • 0033306107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental and physiological determinants of successful foraging by naive southern elephant seal pups during their first trip to sea
    • Hindell, M.A., McConnell, B.J., Fedak, M.A., Slip, D.J., Burton, H.R., Reijnders, P.J.H. & McMahon, C.R. (1999) Environmental and physiological determinants of successful foraging by naive southern elephant seal pups during their first trip to sea. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 77 1807-1821.
    • (1999) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.77 , pp. 1807-1821
    • Hindell, M.A.1    McConnell, B.J.2    Fedak, M.A.3    Slip, D.J.4    Burton, H.R.5    Reijnders, P.J.H.6    McMahon, C.R.7
  • 63
    • 0034066953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long distance movement of a southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) from Macquarie Island to Peter I ØY
    • Hindell, M.A. & McMahon, C.R. (2000) Long distance movement of a southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) from Macquarie Island to Peter I ØY. Marine Mammal Science, 16, 504-507.
    • (2000) Marine Mammal Science , vol.16 , pp. 504-507
    • Hindell, M.A.1    McMahon, C.R.2
  • 64
    • 85178384561 scopus 로고
    • Possible causes of the decline of southern elephant seal populations in the southern Pacific and southern Indian Oceans
    • (Ed. by B.J. LeBoeuf & R.M. Laws), University of California Press, Berkeley
    • Hindell, M.A., Slip, D.J. & Burton, H.R. (1994) Possible causes of the decline of southern elephant seal populations in the southern Pacific and southern Indian Oceans. In: Elephant Seals: Population Ecology, Behaviour and Physiology (Ed. by B.J. LeBoeuf & R.M. Laws), pp. 66-84. University of California Press, Berkeley.
    • (1994) Elephant Seals: Population Ecology, Behaviour and Physiology , pp. 66-84
    • Hindell, M.A.1    Slip, D.J.2    Burton, H.R.3
  • 66
    • 0037494950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diet of male southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina L.) hauled out at Vincennes Bay, East Antarctica
    • van den Hoff, J., Burton, H., R. & Davies, R. (2003) Diet of male southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina L.) hauled out at Vincennes Bay, East Antarctica. Polar Biology, 26, 27-31.
    • (2003) Polar Biology , vol.26 , pp. 27-31
    • van den Hoff, J.1    Burton, H.R.2    Davies, R.3
  • 67
    • 0036266689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Migrations and foraging of juvenile southern elephant seals from Macquarie Island within CCAMLR managed areas
    • van den Hoff, J., Burton, H.R., Hindell, M.A., Sumner, M.D. & McMahon, C.R. (2002) Migrations and foraging of juvenile southern elephant seals from Macquarie Island within CCAMLR managed areas. Antarctic Science 14, 134-145.
    • (2002) Antarctic Science , vol.14 , pp. 134-145
    • van den Hoff, J.1    Burton, H.R.2    Hindell, M.A.3    Sumner, M.D.4    McMahon, C.R.5
  • 68
    • 0030620988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in population sizes and distribution of fur seals at Marion Island
    • Hofmeyr, G.J.G., Bester, M.N. & Jonker, F.C. (1997) Changes in population sizes and distribution of fur seals at Marion Island. Polar Biology, 17, 150-158.
    • (1997) Polar Biology , vol.17 , pp. 150-158
    • Hofmeyr, G.J.G.1    Bester, M.N.2    Jonker, F.C.3
  • 69
    • 0033821906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of body size on dive duration of underyearling southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina)
    • Irvine, L.G., Hindell, M.A., van den Hoff, J. & Burton, H.R. (2000) The influence of body size on dive duration of underyearling southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina). Journal of Zoology, London, 252, 463-471.
    • (2000) Journal of Zoology, London , vol.252 , pp. 463-471
    • Irvine, L.G.1    Hindell, M.A.2    van den Hoff, J.3    Burton, H.R.4
  • 70
    • 0031944784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal movements and foraging areas of adult southern female elephant seals, Mirounga leonina, from Marion Island
    • Jonker, F.C. & Bester, M.N. (1998) Seasonal movements and foraging areas of adult southern female elephant seals, Mirounga leonina, from Marion Island. Antarctic Science, 10, 21-30.
    • (1998) Antarctic Science , vol.10 , pp. 21-30
    • Jonker, F.C.1    Bester, M.N.2
  • 71
    • 0031786966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morbillivirus infections in aquatic mammals
    • Kennedy, S. (1998) Morbillivirus infections in aquatic mammals. Journal of Comparative Pathology, 119, 201-225.
    • (1998) Journal of Comparative Pathology , vol.119 , pp. 201-225
    • Kennedy, S.1
  • 73
    • 0009712592 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of seasonal haul-out patterns of fur seals Arctocephalus tropicalis and A gazella on sub-Antarctic Marion Island
    • Kerley, G.I.H. (1983) Comparison of seasonal haul-out patterns of fur seals Arctocephalus tropicalis and A gazella on sub-Antarctic Marion Island. South African Journal of Wildlife Research, 13 71-77.
    • (1983) South African Journal of Wildlife Research , vol.13 , pp. 71-77
    • Kerley, G.I.H.1
  • 74
    • 0037422075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Species interactions can explain Taylor's power law for ecological time series
    • Kilpatrick, A.M. & Ives, A.R. (2003) Species interactions can explain Taylor's power law for ecological time series. Nature, 422, 65-68.
    • (2003) Nature , vol.422 , pp. 65-68
    • Kilpatrick, A.M.1    Ives, A.R.2
  • 75
    • 0035151033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Counts of southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina, at Bouvet Island
    • Kirkman, S.P., Hofmeyr, G.J.G., Bester, M.N. & Isaksen, K. (2001) Counts of southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina, at Bouvet Island. Polar Biology, 24, 62-65.
    • (2001) Polar Biology , vol.24 , pp. 62-65
    • Kirkman, S.P.1    Hofmeyr, G.J.G.2    Bester, M.N.3    Isaksen, K.4
  • 76
    • 0028139939 scopus 로고
    • Rate of passage of digesta through the alimentary tract of southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) (Carnivora: Phocidae)
    • Krockenberger, M.B. & Bryden, M.M. (1994) Rate of passage of digesta through the alimentary tract of southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) (Carnivora: Phocidae). Journal of Zoology, London, 234, 229-237.
    • (1994) Journal of Zoology, London , vol.234 , pp. 229-237
    • Krockenberger, M.B.1    Bryden, M.M.2
  • 77
    • 0037101689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial patterns of variability in Antarctic surface temperature: Connections to the Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode and the Southern Oscillation
    • Kwok, R. & Comiso, J.C. (2002) Spatial patterns of variability in Antarctic surface temperature: connections to the Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode and the Southern Oscillation. Geophysical Research Letters, 29, 1029-1032.
    • (2002) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.29 , pp. 1029-1032
    • Kwok, R.1    Comiso, J.C.2
  • 78
    • 0001777240 scopus 로고
    • The elephant seal (Mirounga leonina Lin) II General, social and reproductive behaviour
    • Laws, R.M. (1956) The elephant seal (Mirounga leonina Lin) II General, social and reproductive behaviour. Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey Scientific Reports, 13, 1-88.
    • (1956) Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey Scientific Reports , vol.13 , pp. 1-88
    • Laws, R.M.1
  • 79
    • 85178344851 scopus 로고
    • History and present status of southern elephant seal populations
    • (Ed. by B.J. LeBoeuf & R.M. Laws), University of California Press, Berkeley
    • Laws, R.M. (1994) History and present status of southern elephant seal populations. In: Elephant Seals: Population Ecology, Behaviour, and Physiology (Ed. by B.J. LeBoeuf & R.M. Laws), pp. 49-65. University of California Press, Berkeley.
    • (1994) Elephant Seals: Population Ecology, Behaviour, and Physiology , pp. 49-65
    • Laws, R.M.1
  • 80
    • 0006044546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estado actual y distribucion de la poblacion elefante marino del sur en la Peninsula Valdes, Argentina
    • Lewis, M., Campagna, C., Quintana, F. & Falabella, V. (1998) Estado actual y distribucion de la poblacion elefante marino del sur en la Peninsula Valdes, Argentina. Mastozoologia Neotropical, 5, 29-40.
    • (1998) Mastozoologia Neotropical , vol.5 , pp. 29-40
    • Lewis, M.1    Campagna, C.2    Quintana, F.3    Falabella, V.4
  • 83
    • 0036960519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conflict or co-existence? Foraging disribution and competition for prey between Adélie and chinstrap penguins
    • Lynnes, A.S., Reid, K., Croxall, J.P. & Trathan, P.N. (2002) Conflict or co-existence? Foraging disribution and competition for prey between Adélie and chinstrap penguins. Marine Biology, 141, 1165-1174.
    • (2002) Marine Biology , vol.141 , pp. 1165-1174
    • Lynnes, A.S.1    Reid, K.2    Croxall, J.P.3    Trathan, P.N.4
  • 84
    • 0001903559 scopus 로고
    • Size, status and demography of southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) populations
    • (Ed. by J.K. Ling & M.M. Bryden), South Australian Museum, Adelaide
    • McCann, T.S. (1985) Size, status and demography of southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) populations. In: Sea Mammals in South Latitudes: Proceedings of a Symposium of the 52nd ANZAAS Congress (Ed. by J.K. Ling & M.M. Bryden), pp. 1-17. South Australian Museum, Adelaide.
    • (1985) Sea Mammals in South Latitudes: Proceedings of a Symposium of the 52nd ANZAAS Congress , pp. 1-17
    • McCann, T.S.1
  • 85
    • 0024248397 scopus 로고
    • Population size and status of the southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) at South Georgia, 1951-85
    • McCann, T.S. & Rothery, P. (1988) Population size and status of the southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) at South Georgia, 1951-85. Polar Biology, 8, 305-309.
    • (1988) Polar Biology , vol.8 , pp. 305-309
    • McCann, T.S.1    Rothery, P.2
  • 86
    • 0029664271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foraging movements of southern elephant seals
    • McConnell, B.J. & Fedak, M.A. (1996) Foraging movements of southern elephant seals. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 74, 1485-1496.
    • (1996) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.74 , pp. 1485-1496
    • McConnell, B.J.1    Fedak, M.A.2
  • 89
    • 1142281840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Harem choice and breeding experience of female southern elephant seals influence offspring survival
    • McMahon, C.R. & Bradshaw, C.J.A. (2004) Harem choice and breeding experience of female southern elephant seals influence offspring survival. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 55, 349-362.
    • (2004) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology , vol.55 , pp. 349-362
    • McMahon, C.R.1    Bradshaw, C.J.A.2
  • 90
    • 0032954883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First-year survival of southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina, at sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island
    • McMahon, C.R., Burton, H.R. & Bester, M.N. (1999) First-year survival of southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina, at sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island. Polar Biology, 21, 279-284.
    • (1999) Polar Biology , vol.21 , pp. 279-284
    • McMahon, C.R.1    Burton, H.R.2    Bester, M.N.3
  • 91
    • 0034213991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weaning mass and the future survival of juvenile southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina, at Macquarie Island
    • McMahon, C.R., Burton, H.R. & Bester, M.N. (2000) Weaning mass and the future survival of juvenile southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina at Macquarie Island. Antarctic Science, 12, 149-153.
    • (2000) Antarctic Science , vol.12 , pp. 149-153
    • McMahon, C.R.1    Burton, H.R.2    Bester, M.N.3
  • 92
    • 0037281435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A demographic comparison of two southern elephant seal populations
    • McMahon, C.R., Burton, H.R. & Bester, M.N. (2003) A demographic comparison of two southern elephant seal populations. Journal of Animal Ecology, 72, 61-74.
    • (2003) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.72 , pp. 61-74
    • McMahon, C.R.1    Burton, H.R.2    Bester, M.N.3
  • 93
    • 13844302540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling southern elephant seal populations: A comparison of populations with varying rates of change and observations of a population on a demographic knife-edge
    • (in press)
    • McMahon, C.R., Hindell, M.A., Burton, H.R. & Bester, M.N. (2005) Modelling southern elephant seal populations: a comparison of populations with varying rates of change and observations of a population on a demographic knife-edge. Oikos (in press)
    • (2005) Oikos
    • McMahon, C.R.1    Hindell, M.A.2    Burton, H.R.3    Bester, M.N.4
  • 94
    • 0031784705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food requirements of breeding king penguins at Heard Island and the potential overlap with fisheries
    • Moore, G.J., Robertson, G. & Weinecke, B. (1998) Food requirements of breeding king penguins at Heard Island and the potential overlap with fisheries. Polar Biology, 20, 293-302.
    • (1998) Polar Biology , vol.20 , pp. 293-302
    • Moore, G.J.1    Robertson, G.2    Weinecke, B.3
  • 95
    • 0035979204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling Southern Ocean krill population dynamics: Biological processes generating fluctuations in the South Georgia ecosystem
    • Murphy, E.J. & Reid, K. (2001) Modelling Southern Ocean krill population dynamics: biological processes generating fluctuations in the South Georgia ecosystem. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 217, 175-189.
    • (2001) Marine Ecology Progress Series , vol.217 , pp. 175-189
    • Murphy, E.J.1    Reid, K.2
  • 99
    • 0003232280 scopus 로고
    • Numerical changes in the population of elephant seals (Mirounga leonina L) in the Kerguélen Archipelago during the past 30 years
    • (Ed. by J.R. Beddington, R.J.H. Beverton & D.M. Lavigne), George Allen & Unwin, London
    • Pascal, M. (1986) Numerical changes in the population of elephant seals (Mirounga leonina L) in the Kerguélen Archipelago during the past 30 years. In: Marine Mammal Fishery Interactions (Ed. by J.R. Beddington, R.J.H. Beverton & D.M. Lavigne), pp. 170-186. George Allen & Unwin, London.
    • (1986) Marine Mammal Fishery Interactions , pp. 170-186
    • Pascal, M.1
  • 101
    • 0035025906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal changes in fecundity and age at sexual maturity of southern elephant seals at Marion Island
    • Pistorius, P.A., Bester, M.N., Kirkman, S.P. & Taylor, F.E. (2001) Temporal changes in fecundity and age at sexual maturity of southern elephant seals at Marion Island. Polar Biology, 24, 343-348.
    • (2001) Polar Biology , vol.24 , pp. 343-348
    • Pistorius, P.A.1    Bester, M.N.2    Kirkman, S.P.3    Taylor, F.E.4
  • 102
    • 0032420840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimates of Southern Ocean primary production - Constraints from predator carbon demand and nutrient drawdown
    • Priddle, J., Boyd, I.L., Whitehouse, M.J., Murphy, E.J. & Croxall, J.P. (1998) Estimates of Southern Ocean primary production - constraints from predator carbon demand and nutrient drawdown. Journal of Marine Systems, 17, 275-288.
    • (1998) Journal of Marine Systems , vol.17 , pp. 275-288
    • Priddle, J.1    Boyd, I.L.2    Whitehouse, M.J.3    Murphy, E.J.4    Croxall, J.P.5
  • 103
    • 0033232806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic effects of low-energy diet on Stellar sea lions, Eumetpias juhatus
    • Rosen, D.A.S. & Trites, A.W. (1999) Metabolic effects of low-energy diet on Stellar sea lions, Eumetpias juhatus. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, 76, 723-731.
    • (1999) Physiological and Biochemical Zoology , vol.76 , pp. 723-731
    • Rosen, D.A.S.1    Trites, A.W.2
  • 104
    • 0035022359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cephalopods in the diet of marine mammals stranded or incidentally caught along south-eastern and southern Brazil (21-34°S)
    • dos Santos, R.A. & Haimovici, M. (2001) Cephalopods in the diet of marine mammals stranded or incidentally caught along south-eastern and southern Brazil (21-34°S). Fisheries Research, 52, 99-112.
    • (2001) Fisheries Research , vol.52 , pp. 99-112
    • dos Santos, R.A.1    Haimovici, M.2
  • 106
    • 0031956001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continued increase in the population of Antarctic fur seals, Arctocephalus gazella, at Heard Island, Southern Ocean
    • Shaughnessy, P.D., Erb, E. & Green, K. (1998) Continued increase in the population of Antarctic fur seals, Arctocephalus gazella, at Heard Island, Southern Ocean. Marine Mammal Science, 14, 384-389.
    • (1998) Marine Mammal Science , vol.14 , pp. 384-389
    • Shaughnessy, P.D.1    Erb, E.2    Green, K.3
  • 107
    • 0020895390 scopus 로고
    • Observations on the trend of the breeding population of southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina, at Marion Island
    • Skinner, J.D. & van Aarde, R.J. (1983) Observations on the trend of the breeding population of southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina, at Marion Island. Journal of Applied Ecology, 20, 707-712.
    • (1983) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.20 , pp. 707-712
    • Skinner, J.D.1    van Aarde, R.J.2
  • 108
    • 0031879958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular population genetics of the southern elephant seal Mirounga leonina
    • Slade, R.W., Moritz, C., Hoelzel, A.R. & Burton, H.R. (1998) Molecular population genetics of the southern elephant seal Mirounga leonina. Genetics, 149, 1945-1957.
    • (1998) Genetics , vol.149 , pp. 1945-1957
    • Slade, R.W.1    Moritz, C.2    Hoelzel, A.R.3    Burton, H.R.4
  • 109
    • 0029507356 scopus 로고
    • The diet of southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) at Heard Island
    • Slip, D.J. (1995) The diet of southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) at Heard Island. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 73 1519-1528.
    • (1995) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.73 , pp. 1519-1528
    • Slip, D.J.1
  • 110
    • 0033101827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population status and seasonal haulout patterns of the southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) at Heard Island
    • Slip, D.J. & Burton, H.R. (1999) Population status and seasonal haulout patterns of the southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) at Heard Island. Antarctic Science, 11, 38-47.
    • (1999) Antarctic Science , vol.11 , pp. 38-47
    • Slip, D.J.1    Burton, H.R.2
  • 111
    • 0028995587 scopus 로고
    • Stomach contents of a southern bottlenose whale, Hyperoodon planifrons, stranded at Heard Island
    • Slip, D.J., Moore, G.J. & Green, K. (1995) Stomach contents of a southern bottlenose whale, Hyperoodon planifrons, stranded at Heard Island. Marine Mammal Science, 11, 575-584.
    • (1995) Marine Mammal Science , vol.11 , pp. 575-584
    • Slip, D.J.1    Moore, G.J.2    Green, K.3
  • 112
    • 0022202993 scopus 로고
    • Phytoplankton bloom produced by a receding ice edge in the Ross Sea: Spatial coherence with the density field
    • Smith, W.O. & Nelson, D.M. (1985a) Phytoplankton bloom produced by a receding ice edge in the Ross Sea: spatial coherence with the density field. Science, 227, 163-166.
    • (1985) Science , vol.227 , pp. 163-166
    • Smith, W.O.1    Nelson, D.M.2
  • 113
    • 0022168821 scopus 로고
    • Phytoplankton biomass near a receding ice-edge in the Ross Sea
    • (Ed. by W.R. Siegfried, P.R. Condy & R.M. Laws), Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg
    • Smith, W.O.J. & Nelson, D.M. (1985b) Phytoplankton biomass near a receding ice-edge in the Ross Sea. In: Antarctic Nutrient Cycles and Food Webs (Ed. by W.R. Siegfried, P.R. Condy & R.M. Laws), pp. 70-77. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg.
    • (1985) Antarctic Nutrient Cycles and Food Webs , pp. 70-77
    • Smith, W.O.J.1    Nelson, D.M.2
  • 116
    • 36949080948 scopus 로고
    • Aggregation, variance and the mean
    • Taylor, L.R. (1961) Aggregation, variance and the mean. Nature, 189, 732-735.
    • (1961) Nature , vol.189 , pp. 732-735
    • Taylor, L.R.1
  • 117
    • 0020385710 scopus 로고
    • Comparative synoptic dynamic: 1. Relationships between interspecific and intraspecific spatial and temporal variance-mean population parameters
    • Taylor, L.R. & Woiwood, I.P. (1982) Comparative synoptic dynamic: 1. Relationships between interspecific and intraspecific spatial and temporal variance-mean population parameters. Journal of Animal Ecology, 51, 879-906.
    • (1982) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.51 , pp. 879-906
    • Taylor, L.R.1    Woiwood, I.P.2
  • 118
    • 0037349953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The decline of Steller sea lions Eumetopias jubatus in Alaska: A review of the nutritional stress hypothesis
    • Trites, A.W. & Donnelly, C.P. (2003) The decline of Steller sea lions Eumetopias jubatus in Alaska: a review of the nutritional stress hypothesis. Mammal Review, 33, 3-28.
    • (2003) Mammal Review , vol.33 , pp. 3-28
    • Trites, A.W.1    Donnelly, C.P.2
  • 119
    • 0035077394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weaning mass variation of southern elephant seals at King George Island and it's possible relationship with El Niño and La Niña events
    • Vergani, D.F., Stanganelli, Z.B. & Bilenca, D. (2001) Weaning mass variation of southern elephant seals at King George Island and it's possible relationship with El Niño and La Niña events. Antarctic Science, 13, 37-40.
    • (2001) Antarctic Science , vol.13 , pp. 37-40
    • Vergani, D.F.1    Stanganelli, Z.B.2    Bilenca, D.3
  • 120
    • 1842421322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of El Niño and La Niña events on the sex ratio of southern elephant seals at King George Island
    • Vergani, D.F., Stanganelli, Z.B. & Bilenca, D. (2004) Effects of El Niño and La Niña events on the sex ratio of southern elephant seals at King George Island. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 268, 293-300.
    • (2004) Marine Ecology Progress Series , vol.268 , pp. 293-300
    • Vergani, D.F.1    Stanganelli, Z.B.2    Bilenca, D.3
  • 122
    • 0038581676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in bird and seal populations as indicators of a system shift in the Southern Ocean
    • Weimerskirch, H., Inchausti, P., Guinet, C. & Barbraud, C. (2003) Trends in bird and seal populations as indicators of a system shift in the Southern Ocean. Antarctic Science, 15, 249-256.
    • (2003) Antarctic Science , vol.15 , pp. 249-256
    • Weimerskirch, H.1    Inchausti, P.2    Guinet, C.3    Barbraud, C.4
  • 123
    • 0032995424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Antarctic Circumpolar Wave: A beta effect in ocean-atmosphere coupling over the Southern Ocean
    • White, W.B., Chen, S.-C. & Peterson, R.G. (1998) The Antarctic Circumpolar Wave: a beta effect in ocean-atmosphere coupling over the Southern Ocean. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 28, 2345-2361.
    • (1998) Journal of Physical Oceanography , vol.28 , pp. 2345-2361
    • White, W.B.1    Chen, S.-C.2    Peterson, R.G.3
  • 124
    • 0029751534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An Antarctic Circumpolar Wave in surface pressure, wind, temperature, and sea ice extent
    • White, W.B. & Peterson, R.G. (1996) An Antarctic Circumpolar Wave in surface pressure, wind, temperature, and sea ice extent. Nature, 380, 699-702.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.380 , pp. 699-702
    • White, W.B.1    Peterson, R.G.2
  • 125
    • 0003013431 scopus 로고
    • Is onshore human activity a factor in the decline of the southern elephant seal?
    • Wilkinson, I.S. & Bester, M.N. (1988) Is onshore human activity a factor in the decline of the southern elephant seal? South African Journal of Antarctic Research, 18, 14-17.
    • (1988) South African Journal of Antarctic Research , vol.18 , pp. 14-17
    • Wilkinson, I.S.1    Bester, M.N.2
  • 126
    • 0033490047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marion Island elephant seals: The paucity - Of - Males hypothesis tested
    • Wilkinson, I. & van Aarde, R.J. (1999) Marion Island elephant seals: the paucity - of - males hypothesis tested. Canadian Journal of Zoology 77, 1547-1554.
    • (1999) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.77 , pp. 1547-1554
    • Wilkinson, I.1    van Aarde, R.J.2
  • 127
    • 0031546073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The status and trends of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic seabirds
    • Woehler, E.J. & Croxall, J.P. (1997) The status and trends of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic seabirds. Marine Ornithology, 25, 43-66.
    • (1997) Marine Ornithology , vol.25 , pp. 43-66
    • Woehler, E.J.1    Croxall, J.P.2
  • 128
    • 0033974217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diffuse effects in food webs
    • Yodzis, P. (2000) Diffuse effects in food webs. Ecology, 81, 261-266.
    • (2000) Ecology , vol.81 , pp. 261-266
    • Yodzis, P.1
  • 129
    • 0035252086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Must top predators be culled for the sake of fisheries?
    • Yodzis, P. (2001) Must top predators be culled for the sake of fisheries? Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 16, 78-84.
    • (2001) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.16 , pp. 78-84
    • Yodzis, P.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.