Reevaluating evidence of density-dependent growth in northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) based on measurements of archived skeletal specimens

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences

Volumn 61, Issue 9, 2004, Pages 1616-1626

  Etnier, Michael A ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^b National Marine Mammal Laboratory   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGE; DENSITY DEPENDENCE; GROWTH RATE; PINNIPED; VON BERTALANFFY EQUATION;

BERING SEA; OCEANIC REGIONS; PACIFIC OCEAN; WORLD;

CALLORHINUS URSINUS; PHOCIDAE; VERTEBRATA;

EID: 12744279685     PISSN: 0706652X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/F04-090     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Angliss, R.P., and Lodge, K.L. 2004. Alaska marine mammal stock assessments, 2003. NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-AFSC-144.
2. Anas, R.E. 1970. Accuracy in assigning ages to fur seals. J. Wildl. Manag. 34: 844-852.
3. Baker, J.D., and Fowler, C.W. 1990. Tooth weights of juvenile male northern fur seals, Callorhinus ursinus. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 6: 32-47.
4. Bakkala, R.G. 1993. Structural and historical changes in the groundfish complex of the eastern Bering Sea. NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS-114.
5. Benson, A.J., and Trites, A.W. 2002. A review of the effects of regime shifts on the production domains in the eastern North Pacific Ocean. Fish Fish. 3: 95-113.
6. Burton, R.K., and Koch, P.L. 1999. Isotopic tracking of foraging and long-distance migration in northeastern Pacific pinnipeds. Oecologica, 119: 578-585.
7. Busch, B.C. 1985. The war against the seals: a history of the North American seal fishery. McGill-Queen's University Press, Kingston, Ont.
8. Day, T., and Taylor, P.D. 1997. Von Bertalanffy's growth equation should not be used to model age and size at maturity. Am. Nat. 149: 381-393.
9. Ebbesmeyer, C.C., Cayan, D.R., McLain, D.R., Nichols, F.H., Peterson, D.H., and Redmond, K.T. 1991. 1976 step in the Pacific climate: forty environmental changes between 1968-1975 and 1977-1984. In Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Pacific Climate (PACLIM) Workshop, April 1990. Tech. Rep. No. 26. Edited by J.L. Betancourt and V.L. Sharp. Interagency Ecological Studies Program for the Sacramento - San Joaquin Estuary. California Department of Water Resources, Sacramento. pp. 115-126.
10. Estes, J.A. 1996. Predators and ecosystem management. J. Wildl. Manag. 24: 390-396.
11. Etnier, M.A. 2002. The effects of human hunting on northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) migration and breeding distributions in the Late Holocene. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Washington, Seattle.
12. Fabens, A.J. 1965. Properties and fitting of the von Bertalanffy growth curve. Growth, 29: 265-289.
13. Fowler, C.W. 1990. Density dependence in northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus). Mar. Mamm. Sci. 6: 171-195.
14. Fowler, C.W., and Siniff, D.B. 1992. Determining population status and the use of biological indices for the management of marine mammals. In Wildlife 2001: populations. Edited by D.R. McCullough and R.H. Reginald. Elsevier Science Publishers, London. pp. 1025-1037.
15. Francis, R.C., and Hare, S.R. 1994. Decadal-scale regime shifts in the large marine ecosystems of the Northeast Pacific: a case for historical science. Fish. Oceanogr. 3: 279-291.
16. Gentry, R.L. 1998. Behavior and ecology of the northern fur seal. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.
17. Kajimura, H. 1984. Opportunistic feeding of the northern fur seal, Callorhinus ursinus, in the eastern North Pacific Ocean and eastern Bering Sea. NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS SSRF-779.
18. Kimura, D.K. 1980. Likelihood methods for the von Bertalanffy growth curve. Fish. Bull. 77: 765-766.
19. Knight, W. 1968. Asymptotic growth: an example of nonsense disguised as mathematics. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 25: 1030-1307.
20. Lander, R.H. 1980. Summary of northern fur seal data and collection procedures, Vol. 1: Land data of the United States and Soviet Union (excluding tag and recovery records). NOAA Tech. Mem. NMFS F/NWC 3.
21. Leberg, P.L., Lehr Brisbin, I., Jr., Smith, M.H., and White, G.C. 1989. Factors affecting the analysis of growth patterns of large mammals. J. Mammal. 70: 275-283.
22. Mantua, N.J., Hare, S.R., Zhang, Y., Wallace, J.M., and Francis, R.C. 1997. A Pacific interdecadal climate oscillation with impacts on salmon production. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 78: 1069-1079.
23. McLaren, I.A. 1993. Growth in pinnipeds. Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. Soc. 68: 1-79.
24. National Marine Mammal Laboratory (NMML). 2004. 2004 Northern fur seal pup production on the Pribilof Islands, Alaska. Available from http://nmml.afsc.noaa.gov/AlaskaEcosystems/nfshome/ Survey2004pribpups.htm.
25. Norusis, M.J. 1998. SPSS 8.0: guide to data analysis. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, N.J.
26. Osgood, W.H., Preble, E.A., and Parker, G.H. 1915. The fur seals and other life of the Pribilof Islands, Alaska, in 1914. Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish. 24: 1-172.
27. Parker, K.S., Royer, T.C., and Deriso, R.B. 1995. High-latitude climate forcing and tidal mixing by the 18.6-year lunar nodal cycle and low-frequency recruitment trends in Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis). Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci. No. 121. pp. 447-459.
28. Parkington, J.E. 1972. Seasonal mobility in the Late Stone Age. Afr. Stud. 31: 223-243.
29. Peterson, R.S. 1965. Behavior of the northern fur seal. Ph.D. dissertation, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md.
30. Ricker, W.E. 1979. Fish physiology. Vol. 8. Academic Press, New York.
31. Scheffer, V.B. 1950a. Growth layers on the teeth of pinnipedia as an indication of age. Science (Wash., D.C.), 112: 309-311.
32. Scheffer, V.B. 1950b. Growth of the testes and baculum in the fur seal, Callorhinus ursinus. J. Mammal. 31: 384-394.
33. Scheffer, V.B. 1955. Body size with relation to population density in mammals. J. Mammal. 36: 493-515.
34. Scheffer, V.B., and Wilke, F. 1953. Relative growth in the northern fur seal. Growth, 17: 129-145.
35. Scheffer, V.B., Fiscus, C.H., and Todd, E.I. 1984. History of scientific study and management of the Alaska fur seal, Callorhinus ursinus, 1786-1964. NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS-SSRF 780.
36. Schnute, J. 1981. A versatile growth model with statistically stable parameters. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 38: 1128-1140.
37. Sinclair, E.H., and Stabeno, P.J. 2002. Mesopelagic nekton and associated physics of the southeastern Bering Sea. Deep-Sea Res. II, 49: 6127-6145.
38. Sinclair, E., Loughlin, T., and Pearcy, W. 1994. Prey selection by northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) in the eastern Bering Sea. Fish. Bull. 92: 144-156.
39. Springer, A.M., Estes, J.A., van Vliet, G.B., Williams, T.M., Doak, D.F., Danner, E.M., Forney, K.A., and Pfister, B. 2003. Sequential megafaunal collapse in the North Pacific ocean: an ongoing legacy of industrial whaling? Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100: 12 223-12 228.
40. Swartzman, G.L., and Haar, R.T. 1983. Interactions between fur seal populations and fisheries in the Bering Sea. Fish. Bull. 81: 121-132.
41. Trenberth, K.E., and Hurrell, J.W. 1994. Decadal atmosphere-ocean variations in the Pacific. Clim. Dyn. 9: 303-319.
42. Trites, A.W. 1992a. Northern fur seals: why have they declined? Aquat. Mamm. 18: 3-18.
43. Trites, A.W. 1992b. Reproductive synchrony and the estimation of mean date of birth from daily counts of northern fur seal pups. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 8: 44-56.
44. Trites, A.W., and Bigg, M.A. 1992. Changes in body growth of northern fur seals from 1958 to 1974: density effects or changes in the ecosystem? Fish. Oceanogr. 1: 127-136.
45. Trites, A.W., and Bigg, M.A. 1996. Physical growth of northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus): seasonal fluctuations and migratory influences. J. Zool. (Lond.), 238: 459-482.
46. Trites, A.W., Livingston, P.A., Mackinson, S., Vasconcellos, M.C., Springer, A., and Pauly, D. 1999. Ecosystem change and the decline of marine mammals in the eastern Bering Sea; testing the ecosystem shift and commercial whaling hypotheses. Fisheries Centre Res. Rep. Vol. 7(1), University of British Columbia, Vancouver.
47. United States Code. 1972. Marine Mammal Protection Act. 16; USC 1361-1421; Public Law 92-522.
48. von Bertalanffy, L. 1938. A quantitative theory of organic growth. Hum. Biol. 10: 181-213.
49. von Bertalanffy, L. 1960. Principles and theory of growth. In Fundamental aspects of normal and malignant growth. Edited by W.W. Nowinski. Elsevier, Amsterdam. pp. 137-259.
50. Waldmeier, M. 1961. The sunspot activity in the years 1610-1960. Schulthess, Zurich.
51. Winship, A.J., Trites, A.W., and Calkins, D.G. 2001. Growth in body size of the Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus). J. Mammal. 82: 500-519.
52. Woodborne, S., Hart, K., and Parkington, J. 1995. Seal bones as indicators of the timing and duration of hunter-gatherer coastal visits. J. Archaeol. Sci. 22: 727-740.
53. York, A.E. 1987. Northern fur seal, Callorhinus ursinus, eastern Pacific population (Pribilof Islands, Alaska, and San Miguel Island, California). NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS 51. pp. 9-21.
54. York, A.E. 1990. Trends in numbers of pups born on St. Paul and St. George Islands, 1973-1988. NOAA Tech. Mem. NMFS-F/NWC-180.
55. York, A.E., and Hartley, J.R. 1981. Pup production following harvest of female northern fur seals. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 38: 84-90.
56. York, A.E., and Kozloff, P. 1987. On the estimation of numbers of northern fur seal, Callorhinus ursinus, pups born on St. Paul Island, 1980-1986. Fish. Bull. 85: 367-375.