Creating closeness: Discerning and measuring strategies for fostering closer relationships

Personal Relationships

Volumn 14, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 25-44

  Hess, Jon A ^a   Fannin, Amy D ^b,d   Pollom, Laura H ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI   (United States)

^b Louisiana State University   (United States)

^c Department of Health and Human Performance   (Canada)

^d LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 34247381564     PISSN: 13504126     EISSN: 14756811     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-6811.2006.00140.x     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Aron, A. P., & Aron, E. N. (1986). Love as the expansion of self: Understanding attraction and satisfaction. New York: Hemisphere.
2. Aron, A. P., Aron, E. N., & Smollan, D. (1992). Inclusion of other in the self scale and the structure of interpersonal closeness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 241-253.
3. Aron, A. P., Aron, E. N., Tudor, M., & Nelson, G. (1991). Close relationships as including other in the self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 241-253.
4. Aron, A. P., Mashek, D. J., & Aron, E. N. (2004). Closeness as including other in the self. In D. J. Mashek & A. P. Aron (Eds.), Handbook of closeness and intimacy (pp. 27-41). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
5. Aron, E. N. (2004). The impact of adult temperament on closeness and intimacy. In D. J. Mashek & A. P. Aron (Eds.), Handbook of closeness and intimacy (pp. 267-283). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
6. Baxter, L. A., & Bullis, C. (1986). Turning points in developing romantic relationships. Human Communication Research, 72, 469-493.
7. Berscheid, E., Snyder, M., & Omoto, A. (1989). The relationship closeness inventory: Assessing the closeness of interpersonal relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 792-807.
8. Canary, D. J., & Stafford, L. (1991). Relational maintenance strategies and equity in marriage. Communication Monographs, 59, 243-267.
9. Christensen, A., & Sullaway, M. (1984). Communication patterns questionnaire. Unpublished manuscript, Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles.
10. Clark, M. S., & Brissette, I. (2003). Two types of relationship closeness and their influence on people's emotional lives. In R. J. Davidson, K. R. Scherer, & H. H. Goldsmith (Eds.), Handbook of affective sciences (pp. 824-835). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
11. Cohen, J., & Cohen, P. (1983). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
12. Crowne, D. P., & Marlowe, D. (1960). A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 24, 349-354.
13. Etcheverry, P. E., & Le, B. (2005). Thinking about commitment: Accessibility of commitment and prediction of relationship persistence, accommodation, and willingness to sacrifice. Personal Relationships, 12, 103-123.
14. Fincham, F. D., & Linfield, K. J. (1997). A new look at marital quality: Can spouses feel positive and negative about their marriage? Journal of Family Psychology, 11, 489-502.
15. Floyd, K., & Morman, M. T. (1998). The measure of affectionate communication. Communication Quarterly, 46, 144-162.
16. Foa, U. G., & Foa, E. B. (1974). Societal structures of the mind. Springfield, IL: Thomas.
17. Frijda, N. H. (1986). The emotions. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
18. Ginsberg, D., & Gottman, J. M. (1986). Conversations of college roommates: Similarities and differences in male and female friendships. In J. M. Gottman & J. G. Parker (Eds.), Conversations of friends: Specula lions on affective development (pp. 241-291). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
19. Griffin, D., Murray, S., & Gonzalez, R. (1999). Difference score correlations in relationship research: A conceptual primer. Personal Relationships, 6, 505-518.
20. Hall, E. T. (1954). The silent language. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
21. Harvey, J. H., Pauwels, B. G., & Zickmund, S. (2002). Relationship connection: The role of minding in the enhancement of closeness. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 423-33). Oxford, UK.: Oxford University Press.
22. Helgeson, V. S., Shaver, P., & Dyer, M. (1987). Prototypes of intimacy and distance in same-sex and opposite-sex relationships. Journal of Personal and Social Relationships, 4, 195-233.
23. Hess, J. A. (2000). Maintaining nonvoluntary relationships with disliked partners: An investigation into the use of distancing behaviors. Human Communication Research, 26, 458-488.
24. Hess, J. A. (2002). Distance regulation in personal relationships: The development of a conceptual model and a test of representational validity. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 19, 663-683.
25. Hess, J. A. (2003). Measuring distance in personal relationships: The Relational Distance Index. Personal Relationships, 10, 197-215.
26. Jacobson, N. S. (1989). The politics of intimacy. Behavior Therapist, 12, 29-32.
27. Jourard, S. M. (1966). An exploratory study of body-accessibility. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 26, 235-242.
28. Kantor, D., & Lehr, W. (1975). Inside the family. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
29. Kelley, H. H., Berscheid, E., Christensen, A., Harvey, J. H., Huston, T. L., Levinger, G., et al. (1983). Close relationships. New York: W.H. Freeman.
30. Kline, R. B. (1998). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: Guilford.
31. Kreilkamp, T. (1981). Psychological distance. In J. de Rivera (Ed.), Conceptual encounter: A method for the exploration of human experience (pp. 273-342). Washington, DC: University Press of America.
32. Mashek, D. J., & Aron, A. P. (Eds.). (2004). Handbook of closeness and intimacy. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
33. McCroskey, J. C., Richmond, V. P., Sallinen, A., Fayer, J. M., & Barraclough, R. A. (1995). A cross-cultural and multi-behavioral analysis of the relationship between nonverbal immediacy and teacher evaluation. Communication Education, 44, 281-291.
34. Mehrabian, A. (1981). Silent messages: Implicit communication of emotions and attitudes. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
35. Nelson, B. J., & Frantz, T. T. (1996). Family interactions of suicide survivors and survivors of non-suicidal death. Omega: Journal of Death and Dying, 33, 131-146.
36. Norton, R. (1983). Measuring marital quality: A critical look at the dependent variable. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 45, 141-151.
37. Oetzel, J., Ting-Toomey, S., Masumoto, T., Yokochi, Y., Pan, X., Takai, J., et al. (2001). Face and facework in conflict: A cross-cultural comparison of China, Germany, Japan, and the United States. Communication Monographs, 68, 235-258.
38. Parks, M. R., & Floyd, K. (1996). Meanings for closeness and intimacy in friendship. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 13, 85-107.
39. Pistole, M. C. (1994). Adult attachment styles: Some thoughts on closeness-distance struggles. Family Process, 33, 147-159.
40. Pollom, L. H. (2005). Parent/child distal relationships: A look at communication used before, during, and after a parental absence. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Missouri, Columbia.
41. Prentice, C. M. (2005). The socialization of in-laws: The impact of newcomers on the structuration of families. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Missouri, Columbia.
42. Reis, H. T., Clark, M. S., & Holmes, J. G. (2004). Perceived partner responsiveness as an organizing construct in the study of intimacy and closeness. In D. J. Mashek & A. P. Aron (Eds.), Handbook of closeness and intimacy (pp. 201-225). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
43. Repinski, D. J., & Zook, J. M. (2005). Three measures of closeness in adolescents' relationships with parents and friends: Variations and developmental significance. Personal Relationships, 12, 79-102.
44. Rubin, Z. (1970). Measurement of romantic love. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 16, 265-273.
45. Rubin, Z. (1973). Liking and loving: An invitation to social psychology. New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.
46. Rusbult, C. E., Kumashiro, M., Coolsen, M. K., & Kirchner, J. L. (2004). Interdependence, closeness, and relationships. In D. J. Mashek & A. P. Aron (Eds.), Handbook of closeness and intimacy (pp. 137-161). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
47. Rusbult, C. E., Martz, J. M., & Agnew, C. R. (1998). The Investment Model Scale: Measuring commitment level, satisfaction level, quality of alternatives, and investment size. Personal Relationships, 5, 357-391.
48. Ryder, R. G., & Bartle, S. (1991). Boundaries as distance regulators in personal relationships. Family Process, 30, 393-406.
49. Schutz, W. G. (1958). FIRO: A three dimensional theory of interpersonal behavior. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
50. Shortt, J. W., & Gottman, J. M. (1997). Closeness in young adult sibling relationships: Affective and physiological processes. Social Development, 6, 142-164.
51. Stafford, L., Dainton, M., & Haas, S. (2000). Measuring routine and strategic relational maintenance: Scale revision, sex versus gender roles, and the prediction of relational characteristics. Communication Monographs, 67, 306-323.
52. Strong, G., & Aron, A. P. (2002, July). Dissimilarity of closeness in dyads and its correlation to relationship satisfaction. Poster presented at the meeting of the International Association for Relationship Research, Halifax, NS, Canada.
53. Vangelisti, A. L., & Young, S. L. (2000). When words hurt: The effects of perceived intentionality on interpersonal relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 17, 393-424.