Medical technologies for the diagnosis of prostate cancer

Expert Review of Medical Devices

Volumn 4, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 227-239

  Fitzsimons, Nicholas J ^a   Sun, Leon ^a   Moul, Judd W ^a  

^a DUKE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Diagnosis; Genetic biomarkers; Magnetic resonance imaging; Prostate biopsy; Prostate cancer; PSA; Screening; Transrectal ultrasound

Indexed keywords

2 METHYLACYL COENZYME A RACEMASE; ANESTHETIC AGENT; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; APOLIPOPROTEIN A2; DICLOFENAC; DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE; ECHO CONTRAST MEDIUM; LIDOCAINE; MESSENGER RNA; NITROUS OXIDE PLUS OXYGEN; PLACEBO; PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; TRAMADOL;

CANCER DIAGNOSIS; CANCER MORTALITY; CANCER PREVENTION; CANCER SCREENING; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; DIGITAL RECTAL EXAMINATION; DISEASE MARKER; DOPPLER ECHOGRAPHY; DROWSINESS; DRUG EFFICACY; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; GENE EXPRESSION; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; MATRIX ASSISTED LASER DESORPTION IONIZATION TIME OF FLIGHT MASS SPECTROMETRY; NERVE BLOCK; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; PAIN; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PREDICTION; PREVALENCE; PROSTATE ADENOCARCINOMA; PROSTATE BIOPSY; PROSTATE CANCER; PROSTATE HYPERTROPHY; PROSTATECTOMY; PROTEIN BLOOD LEVEL; RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASE; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; REVIEW; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SURFACE ENHANCED LASER DESORPTION IONIZATION TIME OF FLIGHT MASS SPECTROMETRY; THREE DIMENSIONAL IMAGING; TRANSRECTAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY;

BIOPSY; BIOTECHNOLOGY; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; GENETIC SCREENING; HUMANS; MALE; PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; PROSTATIC NEOPLASMS; TECHNOLOGY, MEDICAL; TUMOR MARKERS, BIOLOGICAL;

EID: 34047172070     PISSN: 17434440     EISSN: 17452422     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1586/17434440.4.2.227     Document Type: Review

References (90)

1. Leavitt MO, Gerberding JL, Sondik JE. National Center far Health Statistics, Health, United States, 2005 With Chartbook on Trends in the Health of Americans. MD, USA, 127-280 (2005).
2. Mullerad M, Hricak H, Kuroiwa K et al. Comparison of endorectal magnetic resonance imaging, guided prostate biopsy and digital rectal examination in the preoperative anatomical localization of prostate Cancer J. Urol. 174(6), 2158-2163 (2005).
3. Catalona WJ, Loeb S, Han M. Viewpoint: expanding prostate cancer screening. Ann. Intern. Med. 144(6), 441-443 (2006).
4. Maroni PD, Crawford ED. Screening for prostate cancer in 2006: PSA in the 21st century. NC Med. J. 67(2), 136-139 (2006).
5. Walsh PC. Observed effect of age and body mass index on total and complexed PSA: analysis from a National Screening Program. J. Urol. 174(5), 1825-1826 (2005).
6. Thompson IM, Ankerst DP, Chi C et al. Assessing prostate cancer risk: results from the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 98(8), 529-534 (2006).
7. Nadler RB, Loeb S, Roehl KA, Antenor JA, Eggener S, Catalona WJ. Use of 2.6 ng/ml prostate specific antigen prompt for biopsy in men older than 60 years. J. Urol. 174(6), 2154-2157 (2005).
8. Moul JW. Prostate cancer, Curr. Opin. Urol. 16(3), 121-122 (2006).
9. Moul JW. Screening for prostate cancer in military populations. Mil. Med. 170(11), 905-914 (2005).
10. Thompson IM, Klein EA, Lippman SM, Coltman CA, Djavan B. Prevention of prostate cancer with finasteride: US/European perspective. Eur. Urol. 44(6), 650-655 (2003).
11. Thompson IM, Goodman PJ, Tangen CM et al. The influence of finasteride on the development of prostate cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 349(3), 215-224 (2003).
12. Thompson IM, Pauler DK, Goodman PJ et al. Prevalence of prostate cancer among men with a prostate-specific antigen level < or = 4.0 ng per milliliter. N. Engl. J. Med. 350(22), 2239-2246 (2004).
13. Grunkemeier MN, Vollmer RT. Predicting prostate biopsy results: the importance of PSA, age, and race. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 126(1), 1-3 (2006).
14. Thompson IM, Ankerst DP, Chi C et al. Operating characteristics of prostate-specific antigen in men with an initial PSA level of 3.0 ng/ml or lower. JAMA 294(1), 66-70 2005.
15. Brassell SA, Kao TC, Sun L, Moul JW. Prostate specific antigen versus prostate-specific antigen density as predictor of tumor volume, margin status, pathologic stage, and biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer. Urology 66(6), 1229-1233 (2005).
16. Carter HB, Pearson JD, Metter EJ et al. Longitudinal evaluation of prostate-specific antigen levels in men with and without prostate disease. JAMA 267(16). 2215-2220 (1992).
17. Carter HB, Pearson JD, Waclawiw Z et al. Prostate-specific antigen variability in men without prostate cancer: effect of sampling interval on prostate-specific antigen velocity. Urology 45(4), 591-596 (1995).
18. Hotaling, JM, Sun L, Moul JW et al. Age adjusted PSA and PSA velocity cutpoints in prostate cancer screening. J. Urol. (2007).
19. Bjork T, Lilja H, Christensson A. The prognostic value of different forms of prostate specific antigen and their ratios in patients with prostate cancer. BJU Int. 84(9), 1021-1027 (1999).
20. Gelmann EP, Chia D, Pinsky PF et al. Relationship of demographic and clinical factors to free and total prostate-specific antigen. Urology 58(4), 561-566 (2001).
21. Semmes OJ, Malik G, Ward M. Application of mass spectrometry to the discovery of biomarkers for detection of prostate cancer. J. Cell Biochem. 98(3), 496-503 (2006).
22. Xiao Z, Prieto D, Conrads TP et al. Proteomic patterns: their potential for disease diagnosis. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 230(1-2), 95-106 (2005).
23. Fradet Y, Saad F, Aprikian A et al. uPM3, a new molecular urine test for the detection of prostate cancer. Urology 64(2), 311-315 (2004).
24. de Kok JB, Verhaegh GW, Roelofs RW et al. DD3(PCA3), a very sensitive and specific marker to detect prostate tumors. Cancer Res. 62(9), 2695-2698 (2002).
25. Hessels D, Klein Gunnewiek JM, van Oort I et al. DD3(PCA3)-based molecular urine analysis for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Eur. Urol. 44(1), 8-15 (2003).
26. Tinzl M, Marberger M, Horvath S et al. DD3PCA3 RNA analysis in urine - a new perspective for detecting prostate cancer. Eur. Urol. 46(2), 182-186 (2004).
27. Vlahou A, Schorge JO, Gregory BW et al. Diagnosis of ovarian cancer using decision tree classification of mass spectral data. J. Biomed. Biotechnol. 2003(5), 308-314 (2003).
28. Ardekani AM, Liotta LA, Petricoin EF et al. Clinical potential of proteomics in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn. 2(4), 312-320 (2002).
29. Adam BL, Qu Y, Davis JW et al. Serum protein fingerprinting coupled with a pattern-matching algorithm distinguishes prostate cancer from benign prostate hyperplasia and healthy men. Cancer Res. 62(13), 3609-3614 (2002).
30. Li J, Zhang Z, Rosenzweig J et al. Proteomics and bioinformatics approaches for identification of serum biomarkers to detect breast cancer. Clin. Chem. 48(8), 1296-1304 (2002).
31. Petricoin EF 3rd, Ornstein DK, Paweletz CP et al. Serum proteomic patterns for detection of prostate cancer J. Natl Cancer Inst. 94(20), 1576-1578 (2002).
32. Ornstein DK, Rayford W, Fusaro VA et al. Serum proteomic profiling can discriminate prostate cancer from benign prostates in men with total prostate specific antigen levels between 2.5 and 15.0 ng/ml. J. Urol. 172(4 Pt 1), 1302-1305 (2004).
33. Malik G, Ward MD, Gupta SK et al. Serum levels of an isoform of apolipoprotein A-II as a potential marker for prostate cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 11(3), 1073-1085 (2005).
34. Le L, Chi K, Tyldesley S et al. Identification of serum amyloid A as a biomarker to distinguish prostate cancer patients with bone lesions. Clin. Chem. 51(4), 695-707 (2005).
35. Rubin MA, Zhou M, Dhanasekaran SM et al. α-Methylacyl coenzyme A racemase as a tissue biomarker for prostate cancer. JAMA 287(13), 1662-1670 (2002).
36. Rogers CG, Yan G, Zha S et al. Prostate cancer detection on urinalysis for α methylacyl coenzyme a racemase protein. J. Urol. 172(4 Pt 1), 1501-1503 (2004).
37. Zielie PJ, Mobley JA, Ebb RG et al. A novel diagnostic test for prostate cancer emerges from the determination of α-methylacyl-coenzyme a racemase in prostatic secretions. J. Urol. 172(3), 1130-1133 (2004).
38. Sreekumar A, Laxman B, Rhodes DR et al. Humoral immune response to α-methylacyl-CoA racemase and prostate cancer. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 96(11), 834-843 (2004).
39. Bradley SV, Oravecz-Wilson KI, Bougeard G et al. Serum antibodies to huntingtin interacting protein-1: a new blood test for prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 65(10), 4126-4133 (2005).
40. Wang X, Yu J, Sreekumar A et al. Autoantibody signatures in prostate cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 353(12), 1224-1235 (2005).
41. Petrovics G, Liu A, Shaheduzzaman S et al. Frequent overexpression of ETS-related gene-1 (ERG1) in prostate cancer transcriptome. Oncogene 24(23), 3847-3852 (2005).
42. Oikawa T, Yamada T. Molecular biology of the Ets family of transcription factors. Gene 303, 11-34 (2003).
43. Tomlins SA, Rhodes DR, Perner S et al. Recurrent fusion of TMPRSS2 and ETS transcription factor genes in prostate cancer. Science 310(5748), 644-648 (2005).
44. Hodge KK, McNeal JE, Stamey TA. Ultrasound guided transrectal core biopsies of the palpably abnormal prostate. J. Urol. 142(1), 66-67 (1989).
45. Presti JC Jr. Prostate biopsy: how many cores are enough? Urol. Oncol. 21(2), 135-140 (2003).
46. Eskicorapci SY, Gulíyev F, Akdogan B et al. Individualization of the biopsy protocol according to the prostate gland volume for prostate cancer detection. J. Urol. 173(5), 1536-1540 (2005).
47. Sedelaar JP, van Roermund JG, van Leenders GL et al. Three-dimensional grayscale ultrasound: evaluation of prostate cancer compared with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urology 57(5), 914-920 (2001).
48. el-Gabry EA, Halpern EJ, Strup SE et al. Imaging prostate cancer: current and future applications. Oncology 15(3), 325-336 (2001).
49. Louvar E, Littrup PJ, Goldstein A et al. Correlation of color Doppler flow in the prostate with tissue microvascularity. Cancer 83(1), 135-140 (1998).
50. Rubin JM, Bude RO, Carson PL et al. Power Doppler US: a potentially useful alternative to mean frequency-based color Doppler US. Radiology 190(3), 853-856 (1994).
51. Kimura G, Nishimura T, Kimata R et al. Random systematic sextant biopsy versus power doppler ultrasound-guided target biopsy in the diagnosis of prostate cancer: positive rate and clinicopathological features. J. Nippon Med. Sch. 72(5), 262-269 (2005).
52. Wijkstra H, Wink MH, de la Rosette JJ. Contrast specific imaging in the detection and localization of prostate cancer. World J. Urol. 22(5), 346-350 (2004)
53. Bogers HA, Sedelaar JP, Beerlage HP et al. Contrast-enhanced three-dimensional power Doppler angiography of the human prostate: correlation with biopsy outcome. Urology 54(1), 97-104 (1999).
54. Karaman CZ, Unsal A, Akdilli A et al. The value of contrast enhanced power Doppler ultrasonography in differentiating hypoehoic lesions in the peripheral zone of prostate. Eur. J. Radiol. 54(1), 148-155 (2005).
55. Pelzer A, Bektic J, Berger AP et al. Prostate cancer detection in men with prostate specific antigen 4 to 10 ng/ml using a combined approach of contrast enhanced color Doppler targeted and systematic biopsy. J. Urol. 173(6), 1926-1929 (2005).
56. Roscigno M, Scattoni V, Bertini R et al. Diagnosis of prostate cancer. State of the art. Minerva Urol. Nefrol. 56(2), 123-145 (2004).
57. Halpern EJ, Ramey JR, Strup SE et al. Detection of prostate carcinoma with contrast-enhanced sonography using intermittent harmonic imaging. Cancer 104(11), 2373-2383 (2005).
58. Hricak H, Williams RD, Spring DB et al. Anatomy and pathology of the male pelvis by magnetic resonance imaging. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 141(6), 1101-1110 (1983).
59. Sommer FG, Nghiem HV, Herfkens R et al. Gadolinium-enhanced MRI of the abnormal prostate. Magn. Reson. Imaging 11(7), 941-948 (1993).
60. Casciani E, Polettini E, Bertini L et al. Prostate cancer: evaluation with endorectal MR imaging and three-dimensional proton MR spectroscopic imaging. Radiol. Med. 108(5-6), 530-541 (2004).
61. Wefer AE, Hricak H, Vigneron DB et al. Sextant localization of prostate cancer: comparison of sextant biopsy, magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging with step section histology. J. Urol. 164(2), 400-404 (2000).
62. Casciani E, Gualdi GF. Prostate cancer: value of magnetic resonance spectroscopy 3D chemical shift imaging. Abdom. Imaging DOI:10-1007/ s00261-006-9070-7 (2006).
63. Akin O, Sala E, Moskowitz CS et al. Transition zone prostate cancers: features, detection, localization, and staging at endorectal MR imaging. Radiology 239(3), 784-792 (2006).
64. de Jong IJ, Pruim J, Elsing PH et al. Visualization of prostate cancer with 11C-choline positron emission tomography. Eur. Urol. 42(1), 18-23 (2002).
65. Beyer T, Townsend DW, Brun T et al. A combined PET/CT scanner for clinical oncology. J. Nucl. Med. 41(8), 1369-1379 (2000).
66. Martorana G, Schiavina R, Corti B et al. 11C-choline positron emission tomography/computerized tomography for tumor localization of primary prostate cancer in comparison with 12-core biopsy. J. Urol. 176(3), 954-960 (2006).
67. Karakiewicz PI, Bazinet M, Aprikian AG et al. Outcome of sextant biopsy according to gland volume. Urology 49(1), 555-559 (1997).
68. Autorino R, De Sio M, Di Lorenzo G et al. How to decrease pain during transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy: a look at the literature. J. Urol. 174(6), 2091-2097 (2005).
69. Nash PA, Bruce JE, Indudhara R et al. Transrectal ultrasound guided prostatic nerve blockade eases systematic needle biopsy of the prostate. J. Urol. 155(2), 607-609 (1996).
70. Davis M, Sofer M, Kim SS et al. The procedure of transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy of the prostate: a survey of patient preparation and biopsy technique. J. Urol. 167(2 Pt 1), 566-570 (2002).
71. Rodriguez A, Kyriakou G, Leray E et al. Prospective study comparing two methods of anaesthesia for prostate biopsies: apex periprostatic nerve block versus intrarectal lidocaine gel: review of the literature. Eur. Urol. 44(2), 195-200 (2003).
72. Mutaguchi K, Shinohara K, Matsubara A, Yasumoto H, Mita K, Usui T. Local anesthesia during 10 core biopsy of the prostate: comparison of 2 methods. J. Urol. 173(3), 742-745 (2005).
73. Desgrandchamps F, Meria P, Irani J et al. The rectal administration of lidocaine gel and tolerance of transrectal ultrasonography-guided biopsy of the prostate: a prospective randomized placebo-controlled study. BJU Int. 83(9), 1007-1009 (1999).
74. Issa MM, Bux S, Chun T et al. A randomized prospective trial of intrarectal lidocaine for pain control during transrectal prostate biopsy: the Emory University experience. J. Urol. 164(2), 397-399 (2000).
75. Stirling BN, Shockley KF, Carothers GG et al. Comparison of local anesthesia techniques during transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsies. Urology 60(1), 89-92 (2002).
76. Obek C, Ozkan B, Tunc B et al. Comparison of 3 different methods of anesthesia before transrectal prostate biopsy: a prospective randomized trial. J. Urol. 172(2), 502-505 (2004).
77. Fink KG, Gnad A, Meissner P et al. Lidocaine suppositories for prostate biopsy. BJU Int. 96(7), 1028-1030 (2005).
78. Haq A, Patel HR, Habib MR et al. Diclofenac suppository analgesia for transrectal ultrasound guided biopsies of the prostate: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. J. Urol. 171(4), 1489-1491 (2004).
79. Kravchick S, Peled R, Ben-Dor D et al. Comparison of different local anesthesia techniques during TRUS-guided biopsies: a prospective pilot study. Urology 65(1), 109-113 (2005).
80. Autorino R, De Sio M, Di Lorenzo G et al. How to decrease pain during transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy: a look at the literature. J. Urol. 174(6), 2091-2097 (2005).
81. Masood J, Shah N, Lane T et al. Nitrous oxide (Entonox) inhalation and tolerance of transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy: a double-blind randomized controlled study. J. Urol. 168(1), 116-120 (2002).
82. McIntyre IG, Dixon A, Pantelides ML. Entonox analgesia for prostatic biopsy. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 6(3), 235-238 (2003).
83. Dogan HS, Eskicorapci SY, Ertoy-Baydar D et al. Can we obtain better specimens with an end-cutting prostatic biopsy device? Eur. Urol. 47(3), 297-301 (2005).
84. Ozden E, Gogus C, Tulunay O et al. The long core needle with an end-cut technique for prostate biopsy: does it really have advantages when compared with standard needles? Eur. Urol. 45(3), 287-291 (2004).
85. Jhavar S, Corbishley CM, Dearnaley D et al. Construction of tissue microarrays from prostate needle biopsy specimens. Br. J. Cancer 93(4), 478-482 (2005).
86. Stanbrough M, Bubley GJ. Ross K et al. Increased expression of genes converting adrenal androgens to testosterone in androgen-independent prostate Cancer Res. 66(5), 2815-2825 (2006).
87. Klein E, Urisman A, Molinaro R et al. Identification of a novel gammaretrovirus in prostate tumors of patients homozygous for R462Q RNASEL variant. PLoS Pathog. 2(3), e25 (2006).
88. Cross D, Bermester JK. Gene therapy for cancer treatment: past, present and future. Clin. Med. Res. 4(3), 218-227 (2006).
89. Kaplan I, Oldenburg NE, Meskell P et al. Real time MRI-ultrasound image guided stereotactic prostate biopsy. Magn. Reson. Imaging 20(3), 295-299 (2002).
90. Zhu Y, Williams S, Zwiggelaar R. Computer technology in detection and staging of prostate carcinoma: a review. Med. Image Anal. 10(2), 178-199 (2006).