The prognostic value of different forms of prostate specific antigen and their ratios in patients with prostate cancer

BJU International

Volumn 84, Issue 9, 1999, Pages 1021-1027

  Bjork T ^a   Lilja, H ^a   Christensson, A ^a  

^a LUND UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Percentage free PSA; Prognosis; Prostate cancer; Prostate specific antigen; PSA forms

Indexed keywords

ALPHA 1 ANTICHYMOTRYPSIN; PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; ASSAY; BLOOD LEVEL; BLOOD SAMPLING; BONE METASTASIS; CANCER GRADING; CANCER SURVIVAL; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; PROSTATE CANCER;

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; BONE NEOPLASMS; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PROGNOSIS; PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; PROSTATIC NEOPLASMS; PROTEIN ISOFORMS; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS;

EID: 0345008948     PISSN: 14644096     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1464-410X.1999.00345.x     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. 1 Aus G, Hugosson J, Norlén L. Long-term survival and mortality in prostate cancer treated with noncurative intention. J Urol 1995; 154: 460-6
2. 2 Johansson J-E, Adami H-O, Andersson S-O, Bergström R, Krusemo UB. High 10-year survival rate in patients with early, untreated prostate cancer. JAMA 1992; 267: 67-73
3. 3 De Voogt HJ, Suciu S, Sylvester R, Pavone-Macaluso M, Smith PH, De Pauw M, and members of the EORTC Genitourinary Tract Cancer Cooperative Group. Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in patients with advanced prostatic cancer: Results from 2 European organization for research on treatment of cancer trials. J Urol 1989; 141: 883-8
4. 4 Ernst DS, Hanson J, Venner PM, and the Uro-oncology group of northern Alberta. Analysis of prognostic factors in men with metastatic prostate cancer. J Urol 1991; 146: 372-6
5. 5 Yamashita K, Denno K, Ueda T et al. Prognostic significance of bone metastases in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Cancer 1993; 71: 1297-302
6. 6 Ritchie AWS, Dorey F, Layfield LJ, Hannah J, Lovrekovich H, DeKernion JB. Relationship of DNA content to conventional prognostic factors in clinically localized carcinoma of the prostate. Br J Urol 1988; 62: 254-60
7. 7 Cohen RJ, Glezerson G, Haffejee Z, Afrika D. Prostatic carcinoma: Histological and immunological factors affecting prognosis. Br J Urol 1990; 66: 405-10
8. 8 Blackledge GR, Lowery K. Role of prostate-specific antigen as a predictor of outcome in prostate cancer. Prostate Suppl 1994; 5: 34-8
9. 9 Evans CP, Gajendran V, Tewari A et al. The proportional decrease in prostate specific antigen level best predicts the duration of survival after hormonal therapy in patients with metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. Br J Urol 1996; 78: 426-31
10. 10 Christensson A, Laurell C-B, Lilja H. Enzymatic activity of Prostate-specific antigen and its reactions with extracellular serine proteinase inhibitors. Eur J Bioch 1990; 194: 755-63
11. 11 Lilja H, Christensson A, Dahlén U et al. Prostate-specific antigen in serum occurs predominantly in complex with α1-antichymotrypsin. Clin Chem 1991; 37: 1618-25
12. 12 Stenman U-H, Leinonen J, Alfthan H, Rannikko S, Tuhkanen K, Alfthan O. A complex between prostate-specific antigen and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin is the major form of prostate-specific antigen in serum of patients with prostate cancer. Cancer Res 1991; 51: 222-6
13. 13 Mitrunen K, Pettersson K, Piironen T. Björk T, Lilja H, Lövgren T. Dual-label one-step immunoassay for simultaneous measurement of free and total prostate-specific antigen concentrations and ratios in serum. Clin Chem 1995; 41: 1115-20
14. 14 Christensson A, Björk T, Nilsson O et al. Serum prostate-specific antigen complexed to α1-antichymotrypsin as an indicator of prostate cancer. J Urol 1993; 150: 100-5
15. 15 Pettersson K, Piironen T, Seppälä M et al. Free and complexed prostate-specific antigen (PSA): In vitro stability, epitope map and development of immunofluorometric assays for specific and sensitive detection of free PSA and PSA-alpha-1-antichymotrypsin complex. Clin Chem 1995; 41: 1480-8
16. 16 Björk T, Piironen T, Pettersson K et al. A comparison of the analysis of the different prostate specific antigen forms in serum for the detection of clinically localised prostate cancer. Urology 1996; 48: 882-8
17. 17 Catalona WJ, Smith DS, Wolfert RL et al. Evaluation of percentage of free serum prostate-specific antigen to improve specificity of prostate cancer screening. JAMA 1995; 274: 1214-20
18. 18 Luderer AA, Chen Y-A, Soriano TF et al. Measurement of the proportion of free to total prostate-specific antigen improves diagnostic performance of prostate-specific antigen in the diagnostic gray-zone of total prostate-specific antigen. Urology 1995; 46: 187-94
19. 19 Prestigiacomo AF, Lilja H, Pettersson K, Wolfert RL, Stamey TA. A comparison of the 'free' fraction of serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) in men with benign and cancerous prostates. J Urol 1995; 156: 350-4
20. 20 Piironen T, Pettersson K, Suonpää M et al. In vitro stability of free PSA and PSA complexed to alpha-1-antichymotrypsin in blood samples. Urology 1996; 48: 81-7
21. 21 Lundgren R, Nordle O, Josefsson K. Immediate estrogen or estramustine phosphate therapy versus deferred endocrine therapy in nonmetastatic prostate cancer: a randomized multicenter study with 15 years follow-up. The South Sweden Prostate Cancer Study Group. J Urol 1995; 153: 1580-6
22. 22 Wolf JM, Borchers H, Effert PJ, Habib FK, Jakse G. Free-to-total prostate-specific antigen serum concentrations in patients with prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Br J Urol 1996; 78: 409-13
23. 23 Mikolajscyk SD, Grauer LS, Millar LS et al. A precursor form of PSA (pPSA) is a component of the free PSA in prostate cancer serum. Urology 1997; 50: 710-4
24. 24 Noldus J, Chen Z, Stamey TA. Isolation and characterization of free form prostate specific antigen (f-PSA) in sera of men with prostate cancer. J Urol 1997; 158: 1606-9
25. 25 Lövgren J, Rajakoski K, Karp M, Lundvall Å, Lilja H. Activation of the zymogen form of prostate-specific antigen by human glandular kallikrein 2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997; 238: 549-55
26. 26 Takayama TK, Fujikawa K, Davie EW. Characterization of the precursor of prostate-specific antigen. Activation by trypsin and by human glandular kallikrein. J Biol Chem 1997; 272: 21582-8
27. 27 Darson MF, Pacelli A, Roche P et al. Human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2) expression in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and adenocarcinoma: a novel prostate cancer marker. Urology 1997; 49: 857-62
28. 28 Bjartell A, Björk T, Matikainen M-T, Abrahamsson P-A, di Sant'Agnese PA, Lilja H. Production of alpha-1-antichymotrypsin by PSA-containing cells of the human prostate epithelium. Urology 1993; 42: 502-10
29. 29 Björk T, Bjartell A, Abrahamsson PA, Hullko S, di Sant Agnese A, Lilja H. Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin production in PSA-producing cells is common in prostate cancer but rare in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urology 1994; 43: 427-43
30. 30 Graefen M, Noldus J, Hammerer P, Huland E, Huland H. A high ratio of free to total prostate specific is predominant in biochemical relapse of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. J Urol 1997; 157: 439 (A)