메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 51, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 199-226

Time horizons, discounting, and intertemporal choice

Author keywords

Discounted utility; Exponential discounting; Hyperbolic discounting; Intertemporal choice; Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma; Quasi hyperbolic discounting

Indexed keywords


EID: 34047105878     PISSN: 00220027     EISSN: 15528766     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0022002706298133     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (66)

References (86)
  • 2
    • 0016525445 scopus 로고
    • Specious reward: A behavioral theory of impulsiveness and impulse control
    • -. 1975. Specious reward: A behavioral theory of impulsiveness and impulse control. Psychological Bulletin 82: 463-96.
    • (1975) Psychological Bulletin , vol.82 , pp. 463-96
  • 3
    • 84974157134 scopus 로고
    • Matching is the integrating framework
    • -. 1988. Matching is the integrating framework. Behavioral and Brain Science 11: 679-80.
    • (1988) Behavioral and Brain Science , vol.11 , pp. 679-80
  • 4
    • 0003036378 scopus 로고
    • The motives of the will
    • E. Gottheil, K. Duley, T. Skoloda, and M. Waxman, Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas.
    • Ainslie, G., and V. Haendel. 1983. The motives of the will. In Etiologic aspects of alcohol and drug abuse, edited by E. Gottheil, K. Duley, T. Skoloda, and M. Waxman, 119-40. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas.
    • (1983) Etiologic Aspects of Alcohol and Drug Abuse , pp. 119-40
    • Ainslie, G.1    Haendel, V.2
  • 5
    • 0002037151 scopus 로고
    • Self-control
    • G. Loewenstein and J. Elster, New York: Russell Sage.
    • Ainslie, G., and N. Haslam. 1992. Self-control. In Choice over time, edited by G. Loewenstein and J. Elster, 177-209. New York: Russell Sage.
    • (1992) Choice over Time , pp. 177-209
    • Ainslie, G.1    Haslam, N.2
  • 6
    • 0027476462 scopus 로고
    • Future time perspectives in current and previous injecting drug users
    • Alvos, L., R. Gregson, and M. Ross. 1993. Future time perspectives in current and previous injecting drug users. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 31: 193-97.
    • (1993) Drug and Alcohol Dependence , vol.31 , pp. 193-97
    • Alvos, L.1    Gregson, R.2    Ross, M.3
  • 7
    • 0001331444 scopus 로고
    • Rational cooperation in the finitely repeated Prisoner's Dilemma: Experimental evidence
    • Andreoni, J., and J. Miller. 1993. Rational cooperation in the finitely repeated Prisoner's Dilemma: Experimental evidence. The Economic Journal 103: 570-85.
    • (1993) The Economic Journal , vol.103 , pp. 570-85
    • Andreoni, J.1    Miller, J.2
  • 8
    • 84988680233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hyperbolic consumption model: Calibration, simulation, and empirical evaluation
    • G. Loewenstein, D. Read, and R. Baumeister, New York: Russell Sage.
    • Angeletos, G., D. Laibson, J. Tobacman, A. Repetto, and S. Weinberg. 2003. The hyperbolic consumption model: Calibration, simulation, and empirical evaluation. In Time and decision, edited by G. Loewenstein, D. Read, and R. Baumeister, 517-543. New York: Russell Sage.
    • (2003) Time and Decision , pp. 517-543
    • Angeletos, G.1    Laibson, D.2    Tobacman, J.3    Repetto, A.4    Weinberg, S.5
  • 10
    • 0003876452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
    • -. 1997. The complexity of cooperation. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
    • (1997) The Complexity of Cooperation
  • 11
    • 0019480612 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of cooperation
    • Axelrod, R., and W. Hamilton. 1981. The evolution of cooperation. Science 211: 1390-96.
    • (1981) Science , vol.211 , pp. 1390-96
    • Axelrod, R.1    Hamilton, W.2
  • 12
    • 0039130984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ramsey meets Laibson in the neoclassical growth model
    • Barro, R. 1999. Ramsey meets Laibson in the neoclassical growth model. The Quarterly Journal of Economics 114: 1125-52.
    • (1999) The Quarterly Journal of Economics , vol.114 , pp. 1125-52
    • Barro, R.1
  • 13
    • 85007571746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Willpower, choice, and self-control
    • G. Loewenstein, D. Read, and R. Baumeister, New York: Russell Sage.
    • Baumeister, R., and K. Vohs. 2003. Willpower, choice, and self-control. In Time and decision, edited by G. Loewenstein, D. Read, and R. Baumeister, 201-16. New York: Russell Sage.
    • (2003) Time and Decision , pp. 201-16
    • Baumeister, R.1    Vohs, K.2
  • 14
    • 21344475233 scopus 로고
    • Uncertainty and the evolution of cooperation
    • Bendor, J. 1993. Uncertainty and the evolution of cooperation. Journal of Conflict Resolution 37: 709-34.
    • (1993) Journal of Conflict Resolution , vol.37 , pp. 709-34
    • Bendor, J.1
  • 16
    • 0000827872 scopus 로고
    • Discount rates inferred from decisions: An experimental study
    • Benzion, U., A. Rapoport, and J. Yagil. 1989. Discount rates inferred from decisions: An experimental study. Management Science 35: 270-84.
    • (1989) Management Science , vol.35 , pp. 270-84
    • Benzion, U.1    Rapoport, A.2    Yagil, J.3
  • 18
    • 84903956107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delay discounting: A fundamental process of drug dependence
    • G. Loewenstein, D. Read, and R. Baumeister, New York: Russell Sage.
    • Bickel, W., and M. Johnson. 2003. Delay discounting: A fundamental process of drug dependence. In Time and decision, edited by G. Loewenstein, D. Read, and R. Baumeister, 419-40. New York: Russell Sage.
    • (2003) Time and Decision , pp. 419-40
    • Bickel, W.1    Johnson, M.2
  • 19
    • 0004003758 scopus 로고
    • Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath.
    • Binmore, K. 1992. Fun and games. Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath.
    • (1992) Fun and Games
    • Binmore, K.1
  • 20
    • 84861452876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of the complexity of cooperation by R. Axelrod
    • -. 1998. Review of The complexity of cooperation by R. Axelrod. Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation 1. http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/ 1/1/review1.html (accessed on October 14, 2006 ).
    • (1998) Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation , pp. 1
  • 21
    • 3042673944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rewarding impatience: A bargaining and enforcement model of OPEC
    • Blaydes, L. 2004. Rewarding impatience: A bargaining and enforcement model of OPEC. International Organization 58: 213-37.
    • (2004) International Organization , vol.58 , pp. 213-37
    • Blaydes, L.1
  • 22
    • 36849147091 scopus 로고
    • No pure strategy is evolutionarily stable in the repeated Prisoner's Dilemma game
    • Boyd, R., and J. Lorberbaum. 1987. No pure strategy is evolutionarily stable in the repeated Prisoner's Dilemma game. Nature 327: 58-59.
    • (1987) Nature , vol.327 , pp. 58-59
    • Boyd, R.1    Lorberbaum, J.2
  • 25
    • 85024839766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time discounting of health outcomes
    • New York: Russell Sage.
    • -. 2003. Time discounting of health outcomes. In Time and decision, edited by G. Loewenstein, D. Read, and R. Baumeister, 395-417. New York: Russell Sage.
    • (2003) Time and Decision , pp. 395-417
    • Loewenstein, G.1    Read, D.2    Baumeister, R.3
  • 26
    • 27844539379 scopus 로고
    • Relative and absolute strengths of response as a function of frequency of reinforcement. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of
    • Chung, S., and R. Herrnstein. 1961. Relative and absolute strengths of response as a function of frequency of reinforcement. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Animal Behavior 4: 267-72.
    • (1961) Animal Behavior , vol.4 , pp. 267-72
    • Chung, S.1    Herrnstein, R.2
  • 28
    • 0002916236 scopus 로고
    • Utility from memory and anticipation
    • G. Loewenstein and J. Elster, New York: Russell Sage.
    • Elster, J., and G. Loewenstein. 1992. Utility from memory and anticipation. In Choice over time, edited by G. Loewenstein and J. Elster, 213-34. New York: Russell Sage.
    • (1992) Choice over Time , pp. 213-34
    • Elster, J.1    Loewenstein, G.2
  • 29
    • 0032355311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bargaining, enforcement, and international cooperation
    • Fearon, J. 1998. Bargaining, enforcement, and international cooperation. International Organization 52: 269-306.
    • (1998) International Organization , vol.52 , pp. 269-306
    • Fearon, J.1
  • 30
    • 34047092522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leaving the wild, and rather liking the change
    • Forero, J. 2006. Leaving the wild, and rather liking the change. New York Times, May 11, A1.
    • (2006) New York Times , vol.1
    • Forero, J.1
  • 31
    • 85017028301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time preference and personal identity
    • G. Loewenstein, D. Read, and R. Baumeister, New York: Russell Sage.
    • Frederick, S. 2003. Time preference and personal identity. In Time and decision, edited by G. Loewenstein, D. Read, and R. Baumeister, 89-113. New York: Russell Sage.
    • (2003) Time and Decision , pp. 89-113
    • Frederick, S.1
  • 32
    • 85016305745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time discounting and time preference
    • G. Loewenstein, D. Read, and R. Baumeister, New York: Russell Sage.
    • Frederick, S., G. Loewenstein, and T. O'Donoghue. 2003. Time discounting and time preference. In Time and decision, edited by G. Loewenstein, D. Read, and R. Baumeister, 13-86. New York: Russell Sage.
    • (2003) Time and Decision , pp. 13-86
    • Frederick, S.1    Loewenstein, G.2    O'Donoghue, T.3
  • 34
    • 85047669527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decisions and revisions: The affective forecasting of changeable outcomes
    • Gilbert, D., and J. Ebert. 2002. Decisions and revisions: The affective forecasting of changeable outcomes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 82: 503-14.
    • (2002) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.82 , pp. 503-14
    • Gilbert, D.1    Ebert, J.2
  • 35
    • 0003860985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press.
    • Gintis, H. 2000. Game theory evolving. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
    • (2000) Game Theory Evolving
    • Gintis, H.1
  • 37
    • 84965506940 scopus 로고
    • Discounting of delayed rewards: A life-span comparison
    • Green, L., A. Fry, and J. Myerson. 1994. Discounting of delayed rewards: A life-span comparison. Psychological Science 5: 33-36.
    • (1994) Psychological Science , vol.5 , pp. 33-36
    • Green, L.1    Fry, A.2    Myerson, J.3
  • 38
    • 0032208719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-disciplinary evidence for hyperbolic social discount rates
    • Henderson, N., and I. Langford. 1998. Cross-disciplinary evidence for hyperbolic social discount rates. Management Science 44: 1493-1500.
    • (1998) Management Science , vol.44 , pp. 1493-1500
    • Henderson, N.1    Langford, I.2
  • 39
    • 85017160702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dieting as an exercise in behavioral economics
    • G. Loewenstein, D. Read, and R. Baumeister, New York: Russell Sage.
    • Herman, P., and J. Polivy. 2003. Dieting as an exercise in behavioral economics. In Time and decision, edited by G. Loewenstein, D. Read, and R. Baumeister, 459-89. New York: Russell Sage.
    • (2003) Time and Decision , pp. 459-89
    • Herman, P.1    Polivy, J.2
  • 40
    • 0002390511 scopus 로고
    • Self-control as response strength
    • C. Bradshaw, E. Szabadi, and C. Lowe, New York: Elsevier-North Holland.
    • Herrnstein, R. 1981. Self-control as response strength. In Quantification of steady-state operant behavior, edited by C. Bradshaw, E. Szabadi, and C. Lowe, 3-20. New York: Elsevier-North Holland.
    • (1981) Quantification of Steady-state Operant Behavior , pp. 3-20
    • Herrnstein, R.1
  • 41
    • 0000985585 scopus 로고
    • Rational choice: Necessary but not sufficient
    • -. 1990. Rational choice: Necessary but not sufficient. American Psychologist 45: 356-67.
    • (1990) American Psychologist , vol.45 , pp. 356-67
  • 42
    • 84970123218 scopus 로고
    • The relative weighting of position and velocity in satisfaction
    • Hsee, C., R. Abelson, and P. Salovey. 1991. The relative weighting of position and velocity in satisfaction. Psychological Science 2: 263-66.
    • (1991) Psychological Science , vol.2 , pp. 263-66
    • Hsee, C.1    Abelson, R.2    Salovey, P.3
  • 44
    • 0000125532 scopus 로고
    • Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk
    • Kahneman, D., and A. Tversky. 1979. Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica 47: 363-91.
    • (1979) Econometrica , vol.47 , pp. 363-91
    • Kahneman, D.1    Tversky, A.2
  • 45
    • 85047669936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Who's smoking, drinking, and using drugs? Time perspective as a predictor of substance use. Basic and
    • Keough, K., P. Zimbardo, and J. Boyd. 1999. Who's smoking, drinking, and using drugs? Time perspective as a predictor of substance use. Basic and Applied Social Psychology 21: 149-64.
    • (1999) Applied Social Psychology , vol.21 , pp. 149-64
    • Keough, K.1    Zimbardo, P.2    Boyd, J.3
  • 46
    • 0031510222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bidding on the future: Evidence against normative discounting of delayed rewards. Journal of Experimental
    • Kirby, K. 1997. Bidding on the future: Evidence against normative discounting of delayed rewards. Journal of Experimental Psychology 126: 54-70.
    • (1997) Psychology , vol.126 , pp. 54-70
    • Kirby, K.1
  • 47
    • 84994998500 scopus 로고
    • Preference reversals due to myopic discounting of delayed reward
    • Kirby, K., and R. Herrnstein. 1995. Preference reversals due to myopic discounting of delayed reward. Psychological Science 6: 83-89.
    • (1995) Psychological Science , vol.6 , pp. 83-89
    • Kirby, K.1    Herrnstein, R.2
  • 48
    • 0002001520 scopus 로고
    • Modeling myopic decisions: Evidence for hyperbolic delay-discounting with subjects and amounts
    • Kirby, K., and N. Marakovic. 1995. Modeling myopic decisions: Evidence for hyperbolic delay-discounting with subjects and amounts. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 64: 22-30.
    • (1995) Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , vol.64 , pp. 22-30
    • Kirby, K.1    Marakovic, N.2
  • 49
    • 0002547583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delay-discounting probabilistic rewards: Rates decrease as amounts increase
    • -. 1996. Delay-discounting probabilistic rewards: Rates decrease as amounts increase. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review 3: 100-04.
    • (1996) Psychonomic Bulletin and Review , vol.3 , pp. 100-04
  • 50
    • 0038969032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Golden eggs and hyperbolic discounting
    • Laibson, D. 1997. Golden eggs and hyperbolic discounting. Quarterly Journal of Economics 112: 443-77.
    • (1997) Quarterly Journal of Economics , vol.112 , pp. 443-77
    • Laibson, D.1
  • 51
    • 0011868510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A cue-theory of consumption
    • -. 2001. A cue-theory of consumption. Quarterly Journal of Economics 116: 81-119.
    • (2001) Quarterly Journal of Economics , vol.116 , pp. 81-119
  • 53
    • 0002886811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The implications of framing and loss aversion for international conflict
    • Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
    • Levy, J.S. 2000. The implications of framing and loss aversion for international conflict. In Handbook of war studies II, edited by M. Midlarsky, 193-221. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. 2003. Applications of prospect theory to political science. Synthese 135: 215-41.
    • (2000) Handbook of war studies II , vol.135 , pp. 193-221
    • Levy, J.S.1
  • 54
  • 55
    • 0000831695 scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary stability in the infinitely repeated Prisoners' Dilemma played by two-state Moore machines
    • Linster, B. 1992. Evolutionary stability in the infinitely repeated Prisoners' Dilemma played by two-state Moore machines. Southern Economic Journal 58: 880-903.
    • (1992) Southern Economic Journal , vol.58 , pp. 880-903
    • Linster, B.1
  • 56
    • 84935677951 scopus 로고
    • Anticipation and the valuation of delayed consumption
    • Loewenstein, G. 1987. Anticipation and the valuation of delayed consumption. The Economic Journal 97: 666-84.
    • (1987) The Economic Journal , vol.97 , pp. 666-84
    • Loewenstein, G.1
  • 57
    • 0001620262 scopus 로고
    • Frames of mind in intertemporal choice
    • -. 1988. Frames of mind in intertemporal choice. Management Science 34: 200-14.
    • (1988) Management Science , vol.34 , pp. 200-14
  • 58
    • 0002597563 scopus 로고
    • The fall and rise of psychological explanations in the economics of intertemporal choice
    • New York: Russell Sage.
    • -. 1992. The fall and rise of psychological explanations in the economics of intertemporal choice. In Choice over time, edited by G. Loewenstein and J. Elster, 3-34. New York: Russell Sage.
    • (1992) Choice over Time , pp. 3-34
    • Loewenstein, G.1    Elster, J.2
  • 59
    • 33646465429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pleasures and pains of information
    • -. 2006. The pleasures and pains of information. Science 312: 704-06.
    • (2006) Science , vol.312 , pp. 704-06
  • 60
    • 84960566726 scopus 로고
    • Anomalies in intertemporal choice: Evidence and an interpretation
    • Loewenstein, G., and D. Prelec. 1992. Anomalies in intertemporal choice: Evidence and an interpretation. The Quarterly Journal of Economics 107: 573-97.
    • (1992) The Quarterly Journal of Economics , vol.107 , pp. 573-97
    • Loewenstein, G.1    Prelec, D.2
  • 61
    • 12044257477 scopus 로고
    • Preferences for sequences of outcomes
    • -. 1993. Preferences for sequences of outcomes. Psychological Review 100: 91-108.
    • (1993) Psychological Review , vol.100 , pp. 91-108
  • 63
    • 84937268168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The institutional dynamics of international political orders
    • March, J., and J. Olsen. 1998. The institutional dynamics of international political orders. International Organization 52: 943-69.
    • (1998) International Organization , vol.52 , pp. 943-69
    • March, J.1    Olsen, J.2
  • 64
    • 0003114728 scopus 로고
    • An adjustment procedure for studying delayed reinforcement
    • M. Commons, J. Mazur, J. Nevin, and H. Raiffa, Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum.
    • Mazur, J. 1987. An adjustment procedure for studying delayed reinforcement. In The effect of delay and intervening events on reinforcement value, edited by M. Commons, J. Mazur, J. Nevin, and H. Raiffa, 55-73. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
    • (1987) The Effect of Delay and Intervening Events on Reinforcement Value , pp. 55-73
    • Mazur, J.1
  • 65
    • 34047127087 scopus 로고
    • Game theory for political scientists
    • Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
    • Morrow, James. 1994. Game theory for political scientists. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Munro, A., and R. Sugden. 2003. On the theory of reference-dependent preferences. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 50: 407 -28.
    • (1994) Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization , vol.50 , pp. 407-28
    • James, M.1    Munro, A.2    Sugden, R.3
  • 67
    • 85016242918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-awareness and self-control
    • New York: Russell Sage.
    • -. 2003. Self-awareness and self-control. In Time and decision, edited by G. Loewenstein, D. Read, and R. Baumeister, 217-43. New York: Russell Sage.
    • (2003) Time and Decision , pp. 217-43
    • Loewenstein, G.1    Read, D.2    Baumeister, R.3
  • 68
    • 0030412096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discount rates and credit markets: Theory and evidence from rural India
    • Pender, J. 1996. Discount rates and credit markets: Theory and evidence from rural India. Journal of Development Economics 50: 257-96.
    • (1996) Journal of Development Economics , vol.50 , pp. 257-96
    • Pender, J.1
  • 69
    • 0031776584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shortened time horizons and insensitivity to future consequences in heroin addicts
    • Petry, N., W. Bickel, and M. Arnett. 1998. Shortened time horizons and insensitivity to future consequences in heroin addicts. Addiction 93: 729-38.
    • (1998) Addiction , vol.93 , pp. 729-38
    • Petry, N.1    Bickel, W.2    Arnett, M.3
  • 70
    • 84963075943 scopus 로고
    • On second-best national saving and game-equilibrium growth
    • Phelps, E., and R. Pollak. 1968. On second-best national saving and game-equilibrium growth. Review of Economic Studies 35: 185-99.
    • (1968) Review of Economic Studies , vol.35 , pp. 185-99
    • Phelps, E.1    Pollak, R.2
  • 72
    • 10444228082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreasing impatience: A criterion for non-stationary time preference and ''hyperbolic'' discounting
    • Prelec, D. 2004. Decreasing impatience: A criterion for non-stationary time preference and ''hyperbolic'' discounting. Scandinavian Journal of Economics 106: 511-32.
    • (2004) Scandinavian Journal of Economics , vol.106 , pp. 511-32
    • Prelec, D.1
  • 73
    • 34047103648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-signaling and self-control
    • G. Loewenstein, D. Read, and R. Baumeister, New York: Russell Sage.
    • Prelec, D., and R. Bodner. 2003. Self-signaling and self-control. In Time and decision, edited by G. Loewenstein, D. Read, and R. Baumeister, 277-98. New York: Russell Sage.
    • (2003) Time and Decision , pp. 277-98
    • Prelec, D.1    Bodner, R.2
  • 75
    • 0000378461 scopus 로고
    • Irrationality, impulsiveness, and selfishness as discount reversal effects
    • G. Loewenstein and J. Elster, New York: Russell Sage.
    • Rachlin, H., and A. Raineri. 1992. Irrationality, impulsiveness, and selfishness as discount reversal effects. In Choice over time, edited by G. Loewenstein and J. Elster, 93-118. New York: Russell Sage.
    • (1992) Choice over Time , pp. 93-118
    • Rachlin, H.1    Raineri, A.2
  • 76
    • 84963107372 scopus 로고
    • A note on measurement of utility
    • Samuelson, P. 1937. A note on measurement of utility. Review of Economic Studies 4: 155-61.
    • (1937) Review of Economic Studies , vol.4 , pp. 155-61
    • Samuelson, P.1
  • 77
    • 34047133505 scopus 로고
    • The rate of interest under ideal conditions
    • -. 1939. The rate of interest under ideal conditions. The Quarterly Journal of Economics 53: 286-97.
    • (1939) The Quarterly Journal of Economics , vol.53 , pp. 286-97
  • 78
    • 0000606357 scopus 로고
    • Probability, utility, and the independence axiom
    • -. 1952. Probability, utility, and the independence axiom. Econometrica 20: 670-78.
    • (1952) Econometrica , vol.20 , pp. 670-78
  • 79
    • 0001931285 scopus 로고
    • Self-command in practice, in policy, and in a theory of rational choice
    • Schelling, T. 1984. Self-command in practice, in policy, and in a theory of rational choice. American Economic Review 74: 1-11.
    • (1984) American Economic Review , vol.74 , pp. 1-11
    • Schelling, T.1
  • 80
    • 0001376060 scopus 로고
    • Self-command: A new discipline
    • New York: Russell Sage.
    • -. 1992. Self-command: A new discipline. In Choice over time, edited by G. Loewenstein and J. Elster, 167-76. New York: Russell Sage.
    • (1992) Choice over Time , pp. 167-76
    • Loewenstein, G.1    Elster, J.2
  • 81
    • 0001992635 scopus 로고
    • Mental accounting, saving, and self-control
    • G. Loewenstein and J. Elster, New York: Russell Sage.
    • Shefrin, H., and R. Thaler. 1992. Mental accounting, saving, and self-control. In Choice over time, edited by G. Loewenstein and J. Elster, 287-330. New York: Russell Sage.
    • (1992) Choice over Time , pp. 287-330
    • Shefrin, H.1    Thaler, R.2
  • 83
    • 84963071606 scopus 로고
    • Myopia and inconsistency in dynamic utility maximization
    • Strotz, R. 1956. Myopia and inconsistency in dynamic utility maximization. Review of Economic Studies 23: 165-80.
    • (1956) Review of Economic Studies , vol.23 , pp. 165-80
    • Strotz, R.1
  • 84
    • 0000673030 scopus 로고
    • Some empirical evidence on dynamic inconsistency
    • Thaler, R. 1981. Some empirical evidence on dynamic inconsistency. Economics Letters 8: 201-7.
    • (1981) Economics Letters , vol.8 , pp. 201-7
    • Thaler, R.1
  • 86
    • 0033266155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Putting time in perspective: A valid, reliable individual-differences metric
    • Zimbardo, P., and J. Boyd. 1999. Putting time in perspective: A valid, reliable individual-differences metric. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 77: 1271-88.
    • (1999) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.77 , pp. 1271-88
    • Zimbardo, P.1    Boyd, J.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.