메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 97, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 2001-2015

Changes in osmolality sensitize the response to capsaicin in trigeminal sensory neurons

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CALCIUM ACTIVATED POTASSIUM CHANNEL; CAPSAICIN; CYCLIC AMP DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE; HYPOTONIC SOLUTION; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3 KINASE; PROTEIN KINASE C; VANILLOID RECEPTOR 1;

EID: 33947119126     PISSN: 00223077     EISSN: 15221598     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/jn.00887.2006     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (50)

References (61)
  • 1
    • 33645557094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A transient receptor potential vanilloid 4-dependent mechanism of hyperalgesia is engaged by concerted action of inflammatory mediators
    • Alessandri-Haber N, Dina OA, Joseph EK, Reichling D, Levine JD. A transient receptor potential vanilloid 4-dependent mechanism of hyperalgesia is engaged by concerted action of inflammatory mediators. J Neurosci 26: 3864-3874, 2006.
    • (2006) J Neurosci , vol.26 , pp. 3864-3874
    • Alessandri-Haber, N.1    Dina, O.A.2    Joseph, E.K.3    Reichling, D.4    Levine, J.D.5
  • 2
    • 27644447312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TRPV4 mediates pain-related behavior induced by mild hypertonic stimuli in the presence of inflammatory mediator
    • Alessandri-Haber N, Joseph E, Dina OA, Liedtke W, Levine JD. TRPV4 mediates pain-related behavior induced by mild hypertonic stimuli in the presence of inflammatory mediator. Pain 118: 70-79, 2005.
    • (2005) Pain , vol.118 , pp. 70-79
    • Alessandri-Haber, N.1    Joseph, E.2    Dina, O.A.3    Liedtke, W.4    Levine, J.D.5
  • 4
    • 33745741107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + channel involved in polymodal pain perception. EMBO J 25: 2368-2376, 2006.
    • + channel involved in polymodal pain perception. EMBO J 25: 2368-2376, 2006.
  • 5
    • 0037104657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bhave G, Zhu W, Wang H, Brasier DJ, Oxford GS, Gereau RWt. cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulates desensitization of the capsaicin receptor (VR1) by direct phosphorylation. Neuron 35: 721-731, 2002.
    • Bhave G, Zhu W, Wang H, Brasier DJ, Oxford GS, Gereau RWt. cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulates desensitization of the capsaicin receptor (VR1) by direct phosphorylation. Neuron 35: 721-731, 2002.
  • 8
    • 0037282830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of Ras is necessary and sufficient for upregulation of vanilloid receptor type 1 in sensory neurons by neurotrophic factors
    • Bron R, Klesse LJ, Shah K, Parada LF, Winter J. Activation of Ras is necessary and sufficient for upregulation of vanilloid receptor type 1 in sensory neurons by neurotrophic factors. Mol Cell Neurosci 22: 118-132, 2003.
    • (2003) Mol Cell Neurosci , vol.22 , pp. 118-132
    • Bron, R.1    Klesse, L.J.2    Shah, K.3    Parada, L.F.4    Winter, J.5
  • 9
    • 0031813123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of neurons in rat trigeminal subnucleus caudalis by different irritant chemicals applied to oral or ocular mucosa
    • Carstens E, Kuenzler N, Handwerker HO. Activation of neurons in rat trigeminal subnucleus caudalis by different irritant chemicals applied to oral or ocular mucosa. J Neurophysiol 80: 465-492, 1998.
    • (1998) J Neurophysiol , vol.80 , pp. 465-492
    • Carstens, E.1    Kuenzler, N.2    Handwerker, H.O.3
  • 10
    • 33745368189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TRPV1: A polymodal sensor in the nociceptor terminal
    • edited by Oh U. Amsterdam: Elsevier
    • Caterina MJ, Park U. TRPV1: a polymodal sensor in the nociceptor terminal. In: The Nociceptive Neuron, edited by Oh U. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2006, p. 113-150.
    • (2006) The Nociceptive Neuron , pp. 113-150
    • Caterina, M.J.1    Park, U.2
  • 11
    • 0030446311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel heat-activated current in nociceptive neurons and its sensitization by bradykinin
    • Cesare P, McNaughton P. A novel heat-activated current in nociceptive neurons and its sensitization by bradykinin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93: 15435-15439, 1996.
    • (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.93 , pp. 15435-15439
    • Cesare, P.1    McNaughton, P.2
  • 13
    • 33748255730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 is required for intrinsic osmoreception in organum vasculosum lamina terminalis neurons and for normal thirst responses to systemic hyperosmolality
    • Ciura S, Bourque CW. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 is required for intrinsic osmoreception in organum vasculosum lamina terminalis neurons and for normal thirst responses to systemic hyperosmolality. J Neurosci 26: 9069-9075, 2006.
    • (2006) J Neurosci , vol.26 , pp. 9069-9075
    • Ciura, S.1    Bourque, C.W.2
  • 15
    • 0034306450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specificity and mechanism of action of some commonly used protein kinase inhibitors
    • Davis S, Reddy H, Caviano M, Cohen P. Specificity and mechanism of action of some commonly used protein kinase inhibitors. Biochem J 351: 95-105, 2000b.
    • (2000) Biochem J , vol.351 , pp. 95-105
    • Davis, S.1    Reddy, H.2    Caviano, M.3    Cohen, P.4
  • 17
    • 0029965156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of calcineurin inhibits the desensitization of capsaicin-evoked currents in cultured dorsal root ganglion neurones from adult rats
    • Docherty RJ, Yeats JC, Bevan S, Boddeke HW. Inhibition of calcineurin inhibits the desensitization of capsaicin-evoked currents in cultured dorsal root ganglion neurones from adult rats. Pfluegers Arch 431: 828-837, 1996.
    • (1996) Pfluegers Arch , vol.431 , pp. 828-837
    • Docherty, R.J.1    Yeats, J.C.2    Bevan, S.3    Boddeke, H.W.4
  • 18
    • 2442608827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation and sensitisation of the vanilloid receptor: Role in gastrointestinal inflammation and function
    • Geppetti P, Trevisani M. Activation and sensitisation of the vanilloid receptor: role in gastrointestinal inflammation and function. Br J Pharmacol 141: 1313-1320, 2004.
    • (2004) Br J Pharmacol , vol.141 , pp. 1313-1320
    • Geppetti, P.1    Trevisani, M.2
  • 19
    • 0024400024 scopus 로고
    • Salt as an oral irritant
    • Green BG, Gelhard B. Salt as an oral irritant. Chem Senses 14: 259-271, 1989.
    • (1989) Chem Senses , vol.14 , pp. 259-271
    • Green, B.G.1    Gelhard, B.2
  • 20
    • 14944348415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of the melastatinrelated cation channel TRPM3 [corrected] by D-erythro-sphingosine
    • Grimm C, Kraft R, Schultz G, Harteneck C. Activation of the melastatinrelated cation channel TRPM3 [corrected] by D-erythro-sphingosine. Mol Pharmacol 67: 798-805, 2005.
    • (2005) Mol Pharmacol , vol.67 , pp. 798-805
    • Grimm, C.1    Kraft, R.2    Schultz, G.3    Harteneck, C.4
  • 21
    • 0029116626 scopus 로고
    • Membrane mechanisms and intracellular signalling in cell volume regulation
    • Hoffmann EK, Dunham PB. Membrane mechanisms and intracellular signalling in cell volume regulation. Int Rev Cytol 161: 173-262, 1995.
    • (1995) Int Rev Cytol , vol.161 , pp. 173-262
    • Hoffmann, E.K.1    Dunham, P.B.2
  • 22
    • 0037179755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • p38 MAPK activation by NGF in primary sensory neurons after inflammation increases TRPV1 levels and maintains heat hyperalgesia
    • Ji RR, Samad TA, Jin SX, Schmoll R, Woolf CJ. p38 MAPK activation by NGF in primary sensory neurons after inflammation increases TRPV1 levels and maintains heat hyperalgesia. Neuron 36: 57-68, 2002.
    • (2002) Neuron , vol.36 , pp. 57-68
    • Ji, R.R.1    Samad, T.A.2    Jin, S.X.3    Schmoll, R.4    Woolf, C.J.5
  • 23
    • 33748943301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-conducting functions of voltage-gated ion channels
    • Kaczmarek LK. Non-conducting functions of voltage-gated ion channels. Nat Rev Neurosci 7: 761-771, 2006.
    • (2006) Nat Rev Neurosci , vol.7 , pp. 761-771
    • Kaczmarek, L.K.1
  • 25
    • 0030956114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxford GS. The role of calcium in the desensitization of capsaicin responses in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons
    • Koplas PA, Rosenberg RL, Oxford GS. The role of calcium in the desensitization of capsaicin responses in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. J Neurosci 17: 3525-3537, 1997.
    • (1997) J Neurosci , vol.17 , pp. 3525-3537
    • Koplas, P.A.1    Rosenberg, R.L.2
  • 26
    • 12544259812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transient receptor potential ion channels as targets for the discovery of pain therapeutics
    • Krause JE, Chenard BL, Cortright DN. Transient receptor potential ion channels as targets for the discovery of pain therapeutics. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 6: 48-57, 2005.
    • (2005) Curr Opin Investig Drugs , vol.6 , pp. 48-57
    • Krause, J.E.1    Chenard, B.L.2    Cortright, D.N.3
  • 27
    • 29344459873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functionality of the TRPV subfamily of TRP ion channels: Add mechano-TRP and osmo-TRP to the lexicon!
    • Liedtke W, Kim C. Functionality of the TRPV subfamily of TRP ion channels: add mechano-TRP and osmo-TRP to the lexicon! Cell Mol Life Sci 62: 2985-3001, 2005.
    • (2005) Cell Mol Life Sci , vol.62 , pp. 2985-3001
    • Liedtke, W.1    Kim, C.2
  • 28
    • 8844250779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory modulation of distal C-terminal on protein kinase C-dependent phospho-regulation of rat TRPV1 receptors
    • Liu B, Ma W, Ryu S, Qin F. Inhibitory modulation of distal C-terminal on protein kinase C-dependent phospho-regulation of rat TRPV1 receptors. J Physiol 560: 627-638, 2004.
    • (2004) J Physiol , vol.560 , pp. 627-638
    • Liu, B.1    Ma, W.2    Ryu, S.3    Qin, F.4
  • 29
    • 18644381102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional recovery from desensitization of vanilloid receptor TRPV1 requires resynthesis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate
    • Liu B, Zhang C, Qin F. Functional recovery from desensitization of vanilloid receptor TRPV1 requires resynthesis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. J Neurosci 25: 4835-4843, 2005.
    • (2005) J Neurosci , vol.25 , pp. 4835-4843
    • Liu, B.1    Zhang, C.2    Qin, F.3
  • 30
    • 0029880452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2+ dependence in rat trigeminal ganglion cells
    • 2+ dependence in rat trigeminal ganglion cells. J Neurophysiol 75: 1503-1514, 1996a.
    • (1996) J Neurophysiol , vol.75 , pp. 1503-1514
    • Liu, L.1    Simon, S.A.2
  • 31
    • 0029763505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Similarities and differences in the currents activated by capsaicin, piperine, and zingerone in rat trigeminal ganglion cells
    • Liu L, Simon SA. Similarities and differences in the currents activated by capsaicin, piperine, and zingerone in rat trigeminal ganglion cells. J Neurophysiol 76: 1858-1869, 1996b.
    • (1996) J Neurophysiol , vol.76 , pp. 1858-1869
    • Liu, L.1    Simon, S.A.2
  • 32
    • 33645969571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic IL-1beta signaling potentiates voltage-dependent sodium currents in trigeminal nociceptive neurons
    • Liu L, Yang TM, Liedtke W, Simon SA. Chronic IL-1beta signaling potentiates voltage-dependent sodium currents in trigeminal nociceptive neurons. J Neurophysiol 95: 1478-1490, 2006.
    • (2006) J Neurophysiol , vol.95 , pp. 1478-1490
    • Liu, L.1    Yang, T.M.2    Liedtke, W.3    Simon, S.A.4
  • 33
    • 0032529562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cAMP transduction cascade mediates the prostaglandin E2 enhancement of the capsaicin-elicited current in rat sensory neurons: Whole-cell and single-channel studies
    • Lopshire JC, Nicol GD. The cAMP transduction cascade mediates the prostaglandin E2 enhancement of the capsaicin-elicited current in rat sensory neurons: whole-cell and single-channel studies. J Neurosci 18: 6081-6092, 1998.
    • (1998) J Neurosci , vol.18 , pp. 6081-6092
    • Lopshire, J.C.1    Nicol, G.D.2
  • 35
    • 1642394771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of protein kinase C reverses capsaicin-induced calciumdependent desensitization of TRPV1 ion channels
    • Mandadi S, Numazaki M, Tominaga M, Bhat MB, Armati PJ, Roufogalis BD. Activation of protein kinase C reverses capsaicin-induced calciumdependent desensitization of TRPV1 ion channels. Cell Calcium 35: 471-478, 2004.
    • (2004) Cell Calcium , vol.35 , pp. 471-478
    • Mandadi, S.1    Numazaki, M.2    Tominaga, M.3    Bhat, M.B.4    Armati, P.J.5    Roufogalis, B.D.6
  • 36
    • 0037272795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of vanilloid receptor 1 by resiniferatoxin mobilizes calcium from inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive stores
    • Marshall IC, Owen DE, Cripps TV, Davis JB, McNulty S, Smart D. Activation of vanilloid receptor 1 by resiniferatoxin mobilizes calcium from inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive stores. Br J Pharmacol 138: 172-176, 2003.
    • (2003) Br J Pharmacol , vol.138 , pp. 172-176
    • Marshall, I.C.1    Owen, D.E.2    Cripps, T.V.3    Davis, J.B.4    McNulty, S.5    Smart, D.6
  • 37
    • 33745041479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roles of bilayer material properties in function and distribution of membrane proteins
    • McIntosh TJ, Simon SA. Roles of bilayer material properties in function and distribution of membrane proteins. Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct 35: 177-198, 2006.
    • (2006) Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct , vol.35 , pp. 177-198
    • McIntosh, T.J.1    Simon, S.A.2
  • 38
    • 0242266967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TRPV2 is a component of osmotically sensitive cation channels in murine aortic myocytes
    • Muraki K, Iwata Y, Katanosaka Y, Ito T, Ohya S, Shigekawa M, Imaizumi Y. TRPV2 is a component of osmotically sensitive cation channels in murine aortic myocytes. Circ Res 93: 829-838, 2003.
    • (2003) Circ Res , vol.93 , pp. 829-838
    • Muraki, K.1    Iwata, Y.2    Katanosaka, Y.3    Ito, T.4    Ohya, S.5    Shigekawa, M.6    Imaizumi, Y.7
  • 40
    • 24644470357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional aspects and mechanisms of TRPV1 involvement in neurogenic inflammation that leads to thermal hyperalgesia
    • Planells-Cases R, Garcia-Sanz N, Morenilla-Palao C, Ferrer-Montiel A. Functional aspects and mechanisms of TRPV1 involvement in neurogenic inflammation that leads to thermal hyperalgesia. Pfluegers Arch 451: 151-159, 2005.
    • (2005) Pfluegers Arch , vol.451 , pp. 151-159
    • Planells-Cases, R.1    Garcia-Sanz, N.2    Morenilla-Palao, C.3    Ferrer-Montiel, A.4
  • 41
    • 0034700494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of vanilloid receptor channel activity by protein kinase C
    • Premkumar LS, Ahern GP. Induction of vanilloid receptor channel activity by protein kinase C. Nature 408: 985-990, 2000.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.408 , pp. 985-990
    • Premkumar, L.S.1    Ahern, G.P.2
  • 42
    • 0037799198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A modular PIP2 binding site as a determinant of capsaicin receptor sensitivity
    • Prescott ED, Julius D. A modular PIP2 binding site as a determinant of capsaicin receptor sensitivity. Science 300: 1284-1288, 2003.
    • (2003) Science , vol.300 , pp. 1284-1288
    • Prescott, E.D.1    Julius, D.2
  • 43
    • 30044445578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel drug binding site on voltage-gated sodium channels in rat brain
    • Riddall DR, Leach MJ, Garthwaite J. A novel drug binding site on voltage-gated sodium channels in rat brain. Mol Pharmacol 69: 278-287, 2006.
    • (2006) Mol Pharmacol , vol.69 , pp. 278-287
    • Riddall, D.R.1    Leach, M.J.2    Garthwaite, J.3
  • 45
    • 29444456617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An N-terminal variant of Trpv1 channel is required for osmosensory transduction
    • Sharif Naeini R, Witty MF, Seguela P, Bourque CW. An N-terminal variant of Trpv1 channel is required for osmosensory transduction. Nat Neurosci 9: 93-98, 2006.
    • (2006) Nat Neurosci , vol.9 , pp. 93-98
    • Sharif Naeini, R.1    Witty, M.F.2    Seguela, P.3    Bourque, C.W.4
  • 46
    • 33750524257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphoinositide 3-kinase binds to TRPV1 and mediates NGF-stimulated TRPV1 trafficking to the plasma membrane
    • Stein AT, Ufret-Vincenty CA, Hua L, Santana LF, Gordon SE. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase binds to TRPV1 and mediates NGF-stimulated TRPV1 trafficking to the plasma membrane. J Gen Physiol 128: 509-522, 2006.
    • (2006) J Gen Physiol , vol.128 , pp. 509-522
    • Stein, A.T.1    Ufret-Vincenty, C.A.2    Hua, L.3    Santana, L.F.4    Gordon, S.E.5
  • 47
    • 0030443812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vanilloid receptors: New insights enhance potential as a therapeutic target
    • Szallasi A, Blumberg PM. Vanilloid receptors: new insights enhance potential as a therapeutic target. Pain 68: 195-208, 1996.
    • (1996) Pain , vol.68 , pp. 195-208
    • Szallasi, A.1    Blumberg, P.M.2
  • 49
    • 33745372376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tominaga M. Gating, sensitization and desensitization of TRPV1. In: The Nociceptive Neuron, edited by Oh U. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2006, p. 181-197.
    • Tominaga M. Gating, sensitization and desensitization of TRPV1. In: The Nociceptive Neuron, edited by Oh U. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2006, p. 181-197.
  • 51
    • 0035425705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein kinase C activation potentiates gating of the vanilloid receptor VR1 by capsaicin, protons, heat and anandamide
    • Vellani V, Mapplebeck S, Moriondo A, Davis JB, McNaughton PA. Protein kinase C activation potentiates gating of the vanilloid receptor VR1 by capsaicin, protons, heat and anandamide. J Physiol 534: 813-825, 2001.
    • (2001) J Physiol , vol.534 , pp. 813-825
    • Vellani, V.1    Mapplebeck, S.2    Moriondo, A.3    Davis, J.B.4    McNaughton, P.A.5
  • 52
    • 0035114462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Swellingactivated calcium signalling in cultured mouse primary sensory neurons
    • Viana F, de la Pena E, Pecson B, Schmidt RF, Belmonte C. Swellingactivated calcium signalling in cultured mouse primary sensory neurons. Eur J Neurosci 13: 722-734, 2001.
    • (2001) Eur J Neurosci , vol.13 , pp. 722-734
    • Viana, F.1    de la Pena, E.2    Pecson, B.3    Schmidt, R.F.4    Belmonte, C.5
  • 53
    • 0347719316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell swelling, heat, and chemical agonists use distinct pathways for the activation of the cation channel TRPV4
    • Vriens J, Watanabe H, Janssens A, Droogmans G, Voets T, Nilius B. Cell swelling, heat, and chemical agonists use distinct pathways for the activation of the cation channel TRPV4. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101: 396-401, 2004.
    • (2004) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.101 , pp. 396-401
    • Vriens, J.1    Watanabe, H.2    Janssens, A.3    Droogmans, G.4    Voets, T.5    Nilius, B.6
  • 55
    • 0027157608 scopus 로고
    • Selectivity of lingual nerve fibers to chemical stimuli
    • Wang Y, Erickson RP, Simon SA. Selectivity of lingual nerve fibers to chemical stimuli. J Gen Physiol 101: 843-866, 1993.
    • (1993) J Gen Physiol , vol.101 , pp. 843-866
    • Wang, Y.1    Erickson, R.P.2    Simon, S.A.3
  • 56
    • 0028047585 scopus 로고
    • Electrolyte concentration, real and osmotic pressure in abscesses
    • Wiese KG. Electrolyte concentration, real and osmotic pressure in abscesses. Zentralbl Chir 119: 54-59, 1994.
    • (1994) Zentralbl Chir , vol.119 , pp. 54-59
    • Wiese, K.G.1
  • 59
    • 33750510073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why pain gets worse: The mechanism of heat hyperalgesia
    • Zhang X, McNaughton PA. Why pain gets worse: the mechanism of heat hyperalgesia. J Gen Physiol 128: 491-493, 2006.
    • (2006) J Gen Physiol , vol.128 , pp. 491-493
    • Zhang, X.1    McNaughton, P.A.2
  • 60
    • 0034805995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PKC regulates capsaicin-induced currents of dorsal root ganglion neurons in rats
    • Zhou Y, Zhou ZS, Zhao ZQ. PKC regulates capsaicin-induced currents of dorsal root ganglion neurons in rats. Neuropharmacology 41: 601-608, 2001.
    • (2001) Neuropharmacology , vol.41 , pp. 601-608
    • Zhou, Y.1    Zhou, Z.S.2    Zhao, Z.Q.3
  • 61
    • 4644250844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activates ERK in primary sensory neurons and mediates inflammatory heat hyperalgesia through TRPV1 sensitization
    • Zhuang Z, Xu H, Clapham D, Ji R-R. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activates ERK in primary sensory neurons and mediates inflammatory heat hyperalgesia through TRPV1 sensitization. J Neurosci 24: 8300-8309, 2006.
    • (2006) J Neurosci , vol.24 , pp. 8300-8309
    • Zhuang, Z.1    Xu, H.2    Clapham, D.3    Ji, R.-R.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.