Nearly Ohmic injection contacts from PEDOT:PSS to phenylamine compounds with high ionization potentials

Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering

Volumn 6333, Issue , 2006, Pages

  Tse, S C ^a   Tsang, S W ^a   So, S K ^a  

^a HONG KONG BAPTIST UNIVERSITY   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

Carrier mobility; Charge injection; Ohmic contact; Organic light emitting diodes

Indexed keywords

AMINES; CARRIER MOBILITY; CHARGE TRANSFER; CURRENT VOLTAGE CHARACTERISTICS; DOPING (ADDITIVES); IONIZATION;

CHARGE INJECTION; ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES (OLED); TIME-OF-FLIGHT (TOF) TECHNIQUE;

OHMIC CONTACTS;

EID: 33846956831     PISSN: 0277786X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Conference Proceeding    
DOI: 10.1117/12.682442     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (27)

1. J.H. Choi, K.H. Kim, S.J. Choi, and H.H. Lee, "Whole device printing for full colour displays with organic light emitting diodes", Nanotechnology 17, 2246-2249, 2006.
2. T.L. Benanti, and D.C. Venkataraman, "Organic solar cells: An overview focusing on active layer morphology", Photosynthesis research 87, 73-81, 2006.
3. M. Haemori, J. Yamaguchi, S. Yaginuma, K. Itaka, and H. Koinuma, "Fabrication of Highly Oriented Rubrene Thin Films by the Use of Atomically Finished Substrate and Pentacene Buffer Layer", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 44, 3740-3742, 2005.
4. J. Jang, "Displays develop a new flexibility", Materials Today, April issue, 9, 46-52, 2006.
5. D. Poplavskyy, T. Kreouizis, A. J. Campbell, J. Nelson, and D. D. C. Bradley, "Injection and charge transport in polyfluorene polymer", Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., 725, 67-77, 2002.
6. A. Kahn, N. Koch, and W. Gao, "Electronic structure and electrical properties of interfaces between metals and conjugated molecular films", J. Polymer Science, Part B: Polymer Physics, 41, 2529-2548, 2003.
7. J. Hwang, F. Amy, and A. Kahn, "Spectroscopic study on sputtered PEDOT·PSS: Role of surface PSS layer", Organic Electronics, article in press.
8. D. Cahen, A. Kahn, and E. Umbach, Materials Today, August issue 8, 32, 2005.
9. P. S. Davids, I. H. Campbell and D. L. Smith, "Device model for single carrier organic diodes", J. Appl. Phys. 82, 6319-6325, 1997.
10. P. N. Murgatroyd, "Theory of space-charge-limited current enhanced by Frenkel effect", J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 3, 151-156, 1970.
11. M. Abkowitz, J. S. Facci, and M. Stolka, "Behavior of an ideal injecting contact on a trap-free polymer", Appl. Phys. Lett., 63, 1892-1894, 1993.
12. A. J. Campbell, D. D. C. Bradley, H. Antoniadis, M. Inbasekaran, W. W. Wu, and E. P. Woo, "Transient and steady-state space-charge-limited currents in polyfluorene copolymer diode structures with Ohmic hole injecting contacts", Appl. Phys. Lett., 76, 1734-1736, 2000.
13. I. H. Campbell, D. L. Smith, C. J. Neef, and J. P. Ferraris, "Consistent time-of-flight mobility measurements and polymer light-emitting diode current-voltage characteristics" Appl. Phys. Lett., 74, 2809-2811, 1999.
14. C. Giebeler, H. Antoniadias, D. D. C. Bradley, and Y. Shirota, "Space-charge-limited charge injection from indium tin oxide into a starburst amine and its implications for organic light-emitting diodes" ,Appl. Phys. Lett., 72, 2448-2450, 1998.
15. B. Ruhstaller, S. A. Carter, S. Earth, H. Reil, W. Riess, and J. C. Scott, "Transient and steady-state behavior of space charges in multilayer organic light-emitting diodes", J. Appl. Phys. 89, 4575-4586, 2001.
16. M. A. Lampert and P. Mark, Current Injection in Solids, Academic, New York, 1970;
17. K. C. Kao and W. Hwang, Electrical Transport in Solids, Pergamon, Oxford, 1981.
18. D. Poplavskyy and J. Nelson, "Nondispersive hole transport in amorphous films of methoxy-spirofluorene-arylamine organic compound", J. Appl. Phys., 93, 341-346, 2003.
19. D. M. Goldie, "Transient space-charge-limited current pulse shapes in molecularly doped polymers", J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 32, 3058-3067, 1999.
20. P. M. Borsenberger and D. S. Weiss, Organic Photoreceptors for Imaging Systems, Chap. 9, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1993.
21. W. Song, S. K. So and L. Cao, "Angular-dependent photoemission studies of indium tin oxide surfaces", Appl. Phys. A, 72, 361-365, 2001.
22. MTDATA was obtained from Syntec. GmbH while NPB and TPD were obtained from E-Ray® without further purification.
23. S. C. Tse, S. W. Tsang, and S. K. So, " PEDOT:PSS polymeric conducting anode for small organic transporting molecules in dark-injection experiments", to be published.
24. H. H. Fong, K. C. Lun, and S. K. So, "Hole transports in molecularly doped triphenylamine derivative", Chem. Phys. Lett, 353, 407-413, 2002.
25. S. W. Tsang, S. K. So, and J. B. Xu, "Application of admittance spectroscopy to evaluate carrier mobility in organic charge transport materials", J. Appl. Phys., 99, 013706, 2006.
26. N. Koch, A. Kahn, J. Ghijsen, J. J. Pireaux, J. Schwartz, R. L. Johnson, and A. Elschner, "Conjugated organic molecules on metal versus polymer electrodes: Demonstration of a key energy level alignment mechanism", Appl. Phys. Lett., 82, 70-72, 2003.
27. G. G. Malliaras and J. C. Scott, "Numerical simulations of the electrical characteristics and the efficiencies of single-layer organic light emitting diodes", J. Appl. Phys. 85, 7426-7432, 1999.