메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 29, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 390-417

Smoking cessation in patients with respiratory diseases: A high priority, integral component of therapy

Author keywords

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Guidelines; Respiratory patients; Smoking cessation

Indexed keywords

AMFEBUTAMONE; ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENT; ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; ANTIDIABETIC AGENT; BRONCHODILATING AGENT; CARBON MONOXIDE; CLONIDINE; CORTICOSTEROID; INSULIN; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT; NICORETTE MICROTAB; NICOTINE; NICOTINE GUM; NICOTINE PATCH; NIQUITIN CQ; NORTRIPTYLINE; PLACEBO; RIMONABANT; SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR; THEOPHYLLINE; TOBACCO SMOKE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VARENICLINE;

EID: 33846923351     PISSN: 09031936     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00060806     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (216)

References (228)
  • 1
    • 79961087277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
    • Postma DS, Siafakas NM, eds
    • Postma DS, Siafakas NM, eds. Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Eur Respir Mon 1998; 7.
    • (1998) Eur Respir Mon , vol.7
  • 2
    • 33846924468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung disease
    • NHLBI/WHO Workshop. US Dept of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. NIH Publication No. 2701A. Bethesda, National Institutes of Health
    • Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung disease. NHLBI/WHO Workshop. US Dept of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. NIH Publication No. 2701A. Bethesda, National Institutes of Health, 2001.
    • (2001)
  • 3
    • 0017402583 scopus 로고
    • The natural history of chronic airflow obstruction
    • Fletcher C, Peto R. The natural history of chronic airflow obstruction. BMJ 1977; 1: 1645-1648.
    • (1977) BMJ , vol.1 , pp. 1645-1648
    • Fletcher, C.1    Peto, R.2
  • 4
    • 0003727860 scopus 로고
    • Fletcher C, Peto R, Tinker C, Speizer FE, eds. Oxford, Oxford University Press
    • Fletcher C, Peto R, Tinker C, Speizer FE, eds. The natural history of chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1976.
    • (1976) The Natural History of Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema
  • 5
    • 0027962628 scopus 로고
    • Effects of smoking intervention and the use of an inhaled anticholinergic bronchodilator on the rate of decline of FEV1. The Lung Health Study
    • Anthonisen NR, Connett JE, Kiley JP, et al. Effects of smoking intervention and the use of an inhaled anticholinergic bronchodilator on the rate of decline of FEV1. The Lung Health Study. JAMA 1994; 272: 1497-1505.
    • (1994) JAMA , vol.272 , pp. 1497-1505
    • Anthonisen, N.R.1    Connett, J.E.2    Kiley, J.P.3
  • 6
    • 0036341181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controlled trial of three weeks nicotine replacement in hospital patients also given advice and support
    • Hand S, Edwards S, Campbell IA, Cannings R. Controlled trial of three weeks nicotine replacement in hospital patients also given advice and support. Thorax 2002; 57: 715-718.
    • (2002) Thorax , vol.57 , pp. 715-718
    • Hand, S.1    Edwards, S.2    Campbell, I.A.3    Cannings, R.4
  • 7
    • 0000329389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depression and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Treatment trials
    • Borson S, Claypoole K, McDonald GJ. Depression and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: treatment trials. Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry 1998; 3: 115-130.
    • (1998) Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry , vol.3 , pp. 115-130
    • Borson, S.1    Claypoole, K.2    McDonald, G.J.3
  • 8
    • 0035912585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking cessation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised trial
    • Tashkin DP, Kanner R, Bailey W, et al. Smoking cessation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised trial. Lancet 2001; 357: 1571-1575.
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.357 , pp. 1571-1575
    • Tashkin, D.P.1    Kanner, R.2    Bailey, W.3
  • 9
    • 0003617865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking cessation: Clinical practice guidelines No. 18
    • AHCPR Publication No. 96-0692. Rockville, US Dept of Health and Human Services Public Health Service, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research
    • Fiore MC, Bailey WC, Cohen SJ, et al. Smoking cessation: clinical practice guidelines No. 18. Public Health Service, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. AHCPR Publication No. 96-0692. Rockville, US Dept of Health and Human Services, 1996.
    • (1996)
    • Fiore, M.C.1    Bailey, W.C.2    Cohen, S.J.3
  • 10
    • 0003617863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treating tobacco use and dependence: Clinical practice guideline
    • Rockville, US Dept of Health and Human Services
    • Fiore M, Bailey W, Cohen S, et al. Treating tobacco use and dependence: clinical practice guideline. Rockville, US Dept of Health and Human Services, 2000.
    • (2000)
    • Fiore, M.1    Bailey, W.2    Cohen, S.3
  • 11
    • 0034725354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A clinical practice guideline for treating tobacco use and dependence: A US Public Health Service report
    • The Tobacco Use and Dependence Clinical Practice Guideline Panel, Staff and Consortium Representatives
    • The Tobacco Use and Dependence Clinical Practice Guideline Panel, Staff and Consortium Representatives. A clinical practice guideline for treating tobacco use and dependence: a US Public Health Service report. JAMA 2000; 283: 3244-3254.
    • (2000) JAMA , vol.283 , pp. 3244-3254
  • 12
    • 0036202809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treating tobacco use and dependence: An evidence-based clinical practice guideline for tobacco cessation
    • Anderson JE, Jorenby DE, Scott WJ, Fiore MC. Treating tobacco use and dependence: an evidence-based clinical practice guideline for tobacco cessation. Chest 2002; 121: 932-941.
    • (2002) Chest , vol.121 , pp. 932-941
    • Anderson, J.E.1    Jorenby, D.E.2    Scott, W.J.3    Fiore, M.C.4
  • 13
    • 0030094085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking and health: The physician's responsibility. A statement by the Health and Smoking Committee
    • American College of Chest Physicians, American Thoracic Society, European Respiratory Society, Asian Pacific Society of Respirology, Canadian Thoracic Society, International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
    • American College of Chest Physicians, American Thoracic Society, European Respiratory Society, Asian Pacific Society of Respirology, Canadian Thoracic Society, International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. Smoking and health: the physician's responsibility. A statement by the Health and Smoking Committee. Pneumologie 1996; 50: 270-274.
    • (1996) Pneumologie , vol.50 , pp. 270-274
  • 14
    • 10144221346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The American Psychiatric Association Practice Guidelines for the treatment of patients with nicotine dependence
    • Hughes JR, Fiester S, Goldstein MG, Resnick MP, Rock N, Ziedonis D. The American Psychiatric Association Practice Guidelines for the treatment of patients with nicotine dependence. Am J Psychiatry 1996; 153: Suppl. 10, S1-S31.
    • (1996) Am J Psychiatry , vol.153 , Issue.SUPPL. 10
    • Hughes, J.R.1    Fiester, S.2    Goldstein, M.G.3    Resnick, M.P.4    Rock, N.5    Ziedonis, D.6
  • 17
    • 0034135820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural mechanisms underlying nicotine addiction: Acute positive reinforcement and withdrawal
    • Watkins SS, Koob GF, Markou A. Neural mechanisms underlying nicotine addiction: acute positive reinforcement and withdrawal. Nicotine Tob Res 2000; 2: 19-37.
    • (2000) Nicotine Tob Res , vol.2 , pp. 19-37
    • Watkins, S.S.1    Koob, G.F.2    Markou, A.3
  • 18
    • 0003448474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotine addiction. A report of the Surgeon General
    • US Department of Health and Human Services. Rockville, US Dept of Health and Human Services
    • US Department of Health and Human Services. Nicotine addiction. A report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, US Dept of Health and Human Services, 1998.
    • (1998)
  • 19
    • 0038264002 scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization. 10th Edn. Geneva, World Health Organization
    • World Health Organization. International Classification of Diseases, 10th Edn. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1992.
    • (1992) International Classification of Diseases
  • 20
    • 0004235298 scopus 로고
    • American Psychiatric Association. 4th Edn. Washington, American Psychiatric Association
    • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th Edn. Washington, American Psychiatric Association, 1994.
    • (1994) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
  • 22
    • 4544275709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SRNT Work Group on the Assessment of Craving and Withdrawal in Clinical trials
    • Shiffman S, West RJ, Gilbert DG. SRNT Work Group on the Assessment of Craving and Withdrawal in Clinical trials. Nicotine Tob Res 2004; 6: 599-614.
    • (2004) Nicotine Tob Res , vol.6 , pp. 599-614
    • Shiffman, S.1    West, R.J.2    Gilbert, D.G.3
  • 23
    • 17044454465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Curbing the Epidemic: Governments and the Economics of Tobacco Control
    • Washington, The World Bank, 1999. Available at Date last accessed: March 15, 2005. Date last updated
    • The World Bank. Curbing the Epidemic: Governments and the Economics of Tobacco Control. Washington, The World Bank, 1999. Available at www1.worldbank.org/tobacco/reports.asp. Date last accessed: March 15, 2005. Date last updated: 2001.
    • (2001)
  • 24
    • 33846930021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco Policy in the European Union: ASH Fact Sheet No. 20. Date last accessed: November 28, 2005. Date last updated: May
    • Tobacco Policy in the European Union: ASH Fact Sheet No. 20. www.ash.org.uk/html/factsheets/html/fact20.html. Date last accessed: November 28, 2005. Date last updated: May 2006.
    • (2006)
  • 25
    • 33846899868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indagine sul fumo in Italia 2004
    • Date last accessed: March 15, 2005. Date last updated: April
    • Doxa. Indagine sul fumo in Italia 2004. www.doxa.it/italiano/inchieste/ fumo2004_ita.pdf. Date last accessed: March 15, 2005. Date last updated: April 2004.
    • (2004)
  • 26
    • 0034112533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Other smoking-affected pulmonary diseases
    • Murin S, Bilello KS, Matthay R. Other smoking-affected pulmonary diseases. Clin Chest Med 2000; 21: 121-137.
    • (2000) Clin Chest Med , vol.21 , pp. 121-137
    • Murin, S.1    Bilello, K.S.2    Matthay, R.3
  • 27
    • 3142592957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The health consequences of smoking: A report of the Surgeon General, 2004
    • US Department of Health and Human Services. Date last accessed: November 28, 2006. Date last updated: February 15
    • US Department of Health and Human Services. The health consequences of smoking: a report of the Surgeon General, 2004. www.cdc.gov/tobacco/sgr/ sgr_2004/index.htm. Date last accessed: November 28, 2006. Date last updated: February 15, 2006.
    • (2006)
  • 29
    • 0141741729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimates of global mortality attributable to smoking in 2000
    • Ezzati M, Lopez AD. Estimates of global mortality attributable to smoking in 2000. Lancet 2003; 362: 847-852.
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.362 , pp. 847-852
    • Ezzati, M.1    Lopez, A.D.2
  • 30
    • 1642339455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The burden of mortality from smoking: Comparing Sweden with other countries in the European Union
    • Rodu B, Cole P. The burden of mortality from smoking: comparing Sweden with other countries in the European Union. Eur J Epidemiol 2004; 19: 129-131.
    • (2004) Eur J Epidemiol , vol.19 , pp. 129-131
    • Rodu, B.1    Cole, P.2
  • 31
    • 3042700097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years' observations on male British doctors
    • Doll R, Peto R, Boreham J, Sutherland I. Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years' observations on male British doctors. BMJ 2004; 328: 1529-1533.
    • (2004) BMJ , vol.328 , pp. 1529-1533
    • Doll, R.1    Peto, R.2    Boreham, J.3    Sutherland, I.4
  • 32
    • 33846898668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lung cancer
    • In: European Lung White Book. The First Comprehensive Survey on Respiratory Health in Europe. Sheffield, ERS Journals
    • Lung cancer. In: European Respiratory Society/European Lung Foundation. European Lung White Book. The First Comprehensive Survey on Respiratory Health in Europe. Sheffield, ERS Journals, 2003; pp. 44-54.
    • (2003) European Respiratory Society/European Lung Foundation , pp. 44-54
  • 33
    • 0037327138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiological research on cancer with a focus on Europe
    • La Vecchia C, Franceschi S, Levi F. Epidemiological research on cancer with a focus on Europe. Eur J Cancer Prev 2003; 12: 5-14.
    • (2003) Eur J Cancer Prev , vol.12 , pp. 5-14
    • La Vecchia, C.1    Franceschi, S.2    Levi, F.3
  • 34
    • 0037252734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of lung cancer
    • Alberg AJ, Samet JM. Epidemiology of lung cancer. Chest 2003; 123: Suppl. 1, 21S-49S.
    • (2003) Chest , vol.123 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Alberg, A.J.1    Samet, J.M.2
  • 35
    • 0141884400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lung cancer mortality in relation to age, duration of smoking, and daily cigarette consumption: Results from Cancer Prevention Study II
    • Flanders WD, Lally CA, Zhu BP, Henley SJ, Thun MJ. Lung cancer mortality in relation to age, duration of smoking, and daily cigarette consumption: results from Cancer Prevention Study II. Cancer Res 2003; 63: 6556-6562.
    • (2003) Cancer Res , vol.63 , pp. 6556-6562
    • Flanders, W.D.1    Lally, C.A.2    Zhu, B.P.3    Henley, S.J.4    Thun, M.J.5
  • 36
    • 0035869655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lung cancer and cigarette smoking in Europe: An update of risk estimates and an assessment of inter-country heterogeneity
    • Simonato L, Agudo A, Ahrens W, et al. Lung cancer and cigarette smoking in Europe: an update of risk estimates and an assessment of inter-country heterogeneity. Int J Cancer 2001; 91: 876-887.
    • (2001) Int J Cancer , vol.91 , pp. 876-887
    • Simonato, L.1    Agudo, A.2    Ahrens, W.3
  • 37
    • 0031001720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990-2020: Global Burden of Disease Study
    • Murray CJL, Lopez AD. Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990-2020: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet 1997; 349: 1498-1504.
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.349 , pp. 1498-1504
    • Murray, C.J.L.1    Lopez, A.D.2
  • 38
    • 17844389994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • In: European Lung White Book. The First Comprehensive Survey on Respiratory Health in Europe. Sheffield, ERS Journals
    • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In: European Respiratory Society/ European Lung Foundation. European Lung White Book. The First Comprehensive Survey on Respiratory Health in Europe. Sheffield, ERS Journals, 2003; pp. 34-43.
    • (2003) European Respiratory Society/European Lung Foundation , pp. 34-43
  • 39
    • 0141891408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pharmacoepidemiology of COPD: Recent advances and methodological discussion
    • Burney P, Suissa S, Soriano JB, et al. The pharmacoepidemiology of COPD: recent advances and methodological discussion. Eur Respir J 2003; 22: Suppl. 42, 1s-44s.
    • (2003) Eur Respir J , vol.22 , Issue.SUPPL. 42
    • Burney, P.1    Suissa, S.2    Soriano, J.B.3
  • 40
    • 2342596597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Wedzicha JA, Donaldson GC. Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Care 2003; 48: 1204-1213.
    • (2003) Respir Care , vol.48 , pp. 1204-1213
    • Wedzicha, J.A.1    Donaldson, G.C.2
  • 41
    • 0032753865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence rates of respiratory symptoms and diseases in general population samples of North and Central Italy
    • Viegi G, Pedreschi M, Baldacci S, et al. Prevalence rates of respiratory symptoms and diseases in general population samples of North and Central Italy. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 1999; 3: 1034-1042.
    • (1999) Int J Tuberc Lung Dis , vol.3 , pp. 1034-1042
    • Viegi, G.1    Pedreschi, M.2    Baldacci, S.3
  • 42
    • 0345701470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obstructive lung disease in Northern Sweden studies. Not 15 but 50% of smokers develop COPD?
    • Report from the Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden Studies
    • Lundback B, Lindberg A, Lindstrom M, et al. Obstructive lung disease in Northern Sweden studies. Not 15 but 50% of smokers develop COPD? Report from the Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden Studies. Respir Med 2003; 97: 115-122.
    • (2003) Respir Med , vol.97 , pp. 115-122
    • Lundback, B.1    Lindberg, A.2    Lindstrom, M.3
  • 43
    • 10744223729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An international survey of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in young adults according to GOLD stages
    • for the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) Study Group
    • de Marco R, Accordini S, Cerveri I, et al., for the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) Study Group. An international survey of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in young adults according to GOLD stages. Thorax 2004; 59: 120-125.
    • (2004) Thorax , vol.59 , pp. 120-125
    • de Marco, R.1    Accordini, S.2    Cerveri, I.3
  • 44
    • 0034929137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in attitudes and dependence between healthy smokers and smokers with COPD
    • Jimenez-Ruiz CA, Masa F, Miravittles M, et al. Differences in attitudes and dependence between healthy smokers and smokers with COPD. Chest 2001; 119: 1365-1370.
    • (2001) Chest , vol.119 , pp. 1365-1370
    • Jimenez-Ruiz, C.A.1    Masa, F.2    Miravittles, M.3
  • 45
    • 1242324033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences between males and females in the natural history of asthma and COPD
    • In: Buist S, Mapp CE, eds
    • Watson L., Boezen HM., Postma DS. Differences between males and females in the natural history of asthma and COPD. In: Buist S, Mapp CE, eds. Respiratory Diseases in Women. Eur Respir Mon 2003; 25: 50-73.
    • (2003) Respiratory Diseases in Women. Eur Respir Mon , vol.25 , pp. 50-73
    • Watson, L.1    Boezen, H.M.2    Postma, D.S.3
  • 47
    • 0141425692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Calverley PMA, Walker P. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Lancet 2003; 362: 1053-1061.
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.362 , pp. 1053-1061
    • Calverley, P.M.A.1    Walker, P.2
  • 48
    • 1542399601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of smoking cessation on respiratory symptoms, lung function, airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation
    • Willemse BWM, Postma DS, Timens W, ten Hacken NHT. The impact of smoking cessation on respiratory symptoms, lung function, airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation. Eur Respir J 2004; 23: 464-476.
    • (2004) Eur Respir J , vol.23 , pp. 464-476
    • Willemse, B.W.M.1    Postma, D.S.2    Timens, W.3    ten Hacken, N.H.T.4
  • 49
    • 13444250953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of a smoking cessation intervention on 14.5-year mortality
    • for the Lung Health Study Research Group
    • Anthonisen NR, Skeans MA, Wise RA, Manfreda J, Kanner RE, Connett JE, for the Lung Health Study Research Group. The effects of a smoking cessation intervention on 14.5-year mortality. Ann Intern Med 2005; 142: 233-239.
    • (2005) Ann Intern Med , vol.142 , pp. 233-239
    • Anthonisen, N.R.1    Skeans, M.A.2    Wise, R.A.3    Manfreda, J.4    Kanner, R.E.5    Connett, J.E.6
  • 50
    • 10744227806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic cough and phlegm in young adults
    • for the ISAYA Study Group
    • Cerveri I, Accordini S, Corsico A, et al., for the ISAYA Study Group. Chronic cough and phlegm in young adults. Eur Respir J 2003; 22: 413-417.
    • (2003) Eur Respir J , vol.22 , pp. 413-417
    • Cerveri, I.1    Accordini, S.2    Corsico, A.3
  • 51
    • 0034801021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Family history for chronic lung diseases and epidemiological determinants of COPD in three European countries
    • Carrozzi L, Rijcken B, Burney P, et al. Family history for chronic lung diseases and epidemiological determinants of COPD in three European countries. Eur Respir Rev 2001; 11: 49-54.
    • (2001) Eur Respir Rev , vol.11 , pp. 49-54
    • Carrozzi, L.1    Rijcken, B.2    Burney, P.3
  • 52
    • 1842533199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Remission of respiratory symptoms by smoking and occupational exposure in a cohort study
    • Eagan TML, Gulsvik A, Eide GE, Bakke PS. Remission of respiratory symptoms by smoking and occupational exposure in a cohort study. Eur Respir J 2004; 23: 589-594.
    • (2004) Eur Respir J , vol.23 , pp. 589-594
    • Eagan, T.M.L.1    Gulsvik, A.2    Eide, G.E.3    Bakke, P.S.4
  • 53
    • 0030613527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decline of FEV1 by age and smoking status: Facts, figures, and fallacies
    • Kerstjens HAM, Rijcken B, Schouten JP, Postma DS. Decline of FEV1 by age and smoking status: facts, figures, and fallacies. Thorax 1997; 52: 820-827.
    • (1997) Thorax , vol.52 , pp. 820-827
    • Kerstjens, H.A.M.1    Rijcken, B.2    Schouten, J.P.3    Postma, D.S.4
  • 55
    • 0025868330 scopus 로고
    • Smoking and symptom effects on the curves of lung function growth and decline
    • Sherrill DL, Lebowitz MD, Knudson RJ, Burrows B. Smoking and symptom effects on the curves of lung function growth and decline. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991; 144: 17-22.
    • (1991) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.144 , pp. 17-22
    • Sherrill, D.L.1    Lebowitz, M.D.2    Knudson, R.J.3    Burrows, B.4
  • 56
    • 0028233414 scopus 로고
    • Smoking, changes in smoking habits, and rate of decline in FEV1: New insight into gender differences
    • Xu X, Weiss ST, Rijcken B, Schouten JP. Smoking, changes in smoking habits, and rate of decline in FEV1: new insight into gender differences. Eur Respir J 1994; 7: 1056-1061.
    • (1994) Eur Respir J , vol.7 , pp. 1056-1061
    • Xu, X.1    Weiss, S.T.2    Rijcken, B.3    Schouten, J.P.4
  • 57
    • 25444509773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accelerated decline in lung function in smoking women with airway obstruction: SAPALDIA 2 cohort study
    • Downs SH, Brandli O, Zellweger JP, et al. Accelerated decline in lung function in smoking women with airway obstruction: SAPALDIA 2 cohort study. Respir Res 2005; 6: 45.
    • (2005) Respir Res , vol.6 , pp. 45
    • Downs, S.H.1    Brandli, O.2    Zellweger, J.P.3
  • 58
    • 0036724894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking and lung function of Lung Health Study participants after 11 years
    • Anthonisen NR, Connett JE, Murray RP. Smoking and lung function of Lung Health Study participants after 11 years. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 166: 675-679.
    • (2002) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.166 , pp. 675-679
    • Anthonisen, N.R.1    Connett, J.E.2    Murray, R.P.3
  • 59
    • 0034063821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking cessation and lung function in mild-to-moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • The Lung Health Study
    • Scanlon PD, Connett JE, Waller LA, Altose MD, Bailey WC, Buist AS. Smoking cessation and lung function in mild-to-moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The Lung Health Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 161: 381-390.
    • (2000) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.161 , pp. 381-390
    • Scanlon, P.D.1    Connett, J.E.2    Waller, L.A.3    Altose, M.D.4    Bailey, W.C.5    Buist, A.S.6
  • 60
    • 0029963260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rates of decline in lung function among subjects who restart cigarette smoking
    • Sherrill DL, Enright P, Cline M, Burrows B, Lebowitz MD. Rates of decline in lung function among subjects who restart cigarette smoking. Chest 1996; 109: 1001-1005.
    • (1996) Chest , vol.109 , pp. 1001-1005
    • Sherrill, D.L.1    Enright, P.2    Cline, M.3    Burrows, B.4    Lebowitz, M.D.5
  • 61
    • 0032429679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of multiple attempts to quit smoking and relapses to smoking on pulmonary function
    • Lung Health Study Research Group
    • Murray RP, Anthonisen NR, Connett JE, et al. Effects of multiple attempts to quit smoking and relapses to smoking on pulmonary function. Lung Health Study Research Group. J Clin Epidemiol 1998; 51: 1317-1326.
    • (1998) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.51 , pp. 1317-1326
    • Murray, R.P.1    Anthonisen, N.R.2    Connett, J.E.3
  • 62
    • 0036865685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of long-term smoking reduction on health risk markers and quality of life
    • Bolliger CT, Zellweger JP, Danielsson T, et al. Influence of long-term smoking reduction on health risk markers and quality of life. Nicotine Tob Res 2002; 4: 433-439.
    • (2002) Nicotine Tob Res , vol.4 , pp. 433-439
    • Bolliger, C.T.1    Zellweger, J.P.2    Danielsson, T.3
  • 63
    • 0027228209 scopus 로고
    • CO diffusing capacity in a general population sample: Relationships with cigarette smoking and airflow obstruction
    • Viegi G, Paoletti P, Carrozzi L, et al. CO diffusing capacity in a general population sample: relationships with cigarette smoking and airflow obstruction. Respiration 1993; 60: 155-161.
    • (1993) Respiration , vol.60 , pp. 155-161
    • Viegi, G.1    Paoletti, P.2    Carrozzi, L.3
  • 64
    • 0034880912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An 8-year follow-up of carbon monoxide diffusing capacity in a general population sample of northern Italy
    • Viegi G, Sherrill DL, Carrozzi L, et al. An 8-year follow-up of carbon monoxide diffusing capacity in a general population sample of northern Italy. Chest 2001; 120: 74-80.
    • (2001) Chest , vol.120 , pp. 74-80
    • Viegi, G.1    Sherrill, D.L.2    Carrozzi, L.3
  • 68
    • 0033061140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk from tobacco and potentials for health gain
    • Doll R. Risk from tobacco and potentials for health gain. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 1999; 3: 90-99.
    • (1999) Int J Tuberc Lung Dis , vol.3 , pp. 90-99
    • Doll, R.1
  • 69
    • 18144402344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of smoking cessation and reduction in asthmatics
    • Tønnesen P, Pisinger C, Hvidberg S, et al. Effects of smoking cessation and reduction in asthmatics. Nicotine Tob Res 2005; 7: 139-148.
    • (2005) Nicotine Tob Res , vol.7 , pp. 139-148
    • Tønnesen, P.1    Pisinger, C.2    Hvidberg, S.3
  • 70
    • 0033754215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia diagnosed upon hospital admission
    • British Thoracic Society Pneumonia Study Group
    • Farr BM, Bartlett CL, Wadsworth J, Miller DL. Risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia diagnosed upon hospital admission. British Thoracic Society Pneumonia Study Group. Respir Med 2000; 94: 954-963.
    • (2000) Respir Med , vol.94 , pp. 954-963
    • Farr, B.M.1    Bartlett, C.L.2    Wadsworth, J.3    Miller, D.L.4
  • 71
    • 0032813112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proportion of community-acquired pneumonia cases attributable to tobacco smoking
    • Almirall J, Gonzalez CA, Balanzo X, Bolibar I. Proportion of community-acquired pneumonia cases attributable to tobacco smoking. Chest 1999; 116: 375-379.
    • (1999) Chest , vol.116 , pp. 375-379
    • Almirall, J.1    Gonzalez, C.A.2    Balanzo, X.3    Bolibar, I.4
  • 72
    • 0034057275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cigarette smoking and invasive pneumococcal disease. Active Bacterial Core Surveillance Team
    • Nuorti JP, Butler JC, Farley MM, et al. Cigarette smoking and invasive pneumococcal disease. Active Bacterial Core Surveillance Team. N Engl J Med 2000; 342: 681-689.
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.342 , pp. 681-689
    • Nuorti, J.P.1    Butler, J.C.2    Farley, M.M.3
  • 73
    • 7544249739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cigarette smoking and infection
    • Arcavi L, Benowitz NL. Cigarette smoking and infection. Arch Intern Med 2004; 164: 2206-2216.
    • (2004) Arch Intern Med , vol.164 , pp. 2206-2216
    • Arcavi, L.1    Benowitz, N.L.2
  • 74
    • 0042157293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking and mortality from tuberculosis and other diseases in India: Retrospective study of 43 000 adult male deaths and 35 000 controls
    • Gajalakshmi V, Peto R, Kanaka TS, Jha P. Smoking and mortality from tuberculosis and other diseases in India: retrospective study of 43 000 adult male deaths and 35 000 controls. Lancet 2003; 362: 507-515.
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.362 , pp. 507-515
    • Gajalakshmi, V.1    Peto, R.2    Kanaka, T.S.3    Jha, P.4
  • 76
    • 0142151640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of interstitial lung disease on surgical morbidity and mortality for lung cancer: Analyses of short-term and long-term outcomes
    • Chiyo M, Sekine Y, Iwata T, et al. Impact of interstitial lung disease on surgical morbidity and mortality for lung cancer: analyses of short-term and long-term outcomes. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003; 126: 1141-1146.
    • (2003) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg , vol.126 , pp. 1141-1146
    • Chiyo, M.1    Sekine, Y.2    Iwata, T.3
  • 77
    • 0038364066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BTS guidelines for the management of spontaneous pneumothorax
    • on behalf of the BTS Pleural Disease Group, a subgroup of the BTS Standards of Care Committee
    • Henry M, Arnold T, Harvey J, on behalf of the BTS Pleural Disease Group, a subgroup of the BTS Standards of Care Committee. BTS guidelines for the management of spontaneous pneumothorax. Thorax 2003; 58: Suppl. II, 39-52.
    • (2003) Thorax , vol.58 , Issue.SUPPL. II , pp. 39-52
    • Henry, M.1    Arnold, T.2    Harvey, J.3
  • 78
    • 0004185140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health behaviour change: A guide for practitioners
    • London, Churchill Livingstone
    • Rollnick S, Mason P, Butler C. Health behaviour change: a guide for practitioners. London, Churchill Livingstone, 1999.
    • (1999)
    • Rollnick, S.1    Mason, P.2    Butler, C.3
  • 79
    • 0141571057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time to first cigarette; the best single indicator of tobacco dependence
    • Fagerström KO. Time to first cigarette; the best single indicator of tobacco dependence. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2003; 59: 95-98.
    • (2003) Monaldi Arch Chest Dis , vol.59 , pp. 95-98
    • Fagerström, K.O.1
  • 80
    • 0034141138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saliva cotinine levels in smokers and non-smokers
    • Etter JF, Duc TV, Perneger TV. Saliva cotinine levels in smokers and non-smokers. Am J Epidem 2000; 151: 251-258.
    • (2000) Am J Epidem , vol.151 , pp. 251-258
    • Etter, J.F.1    Duc, T.V.2    Perneger, T.V.3
  • 82
    • 0024338367 scopus 로고
    • Measuring nicotine dependence: A review of the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire
    • Fagerström KO, Schneider N. Measuring nicotine dependence: A review of the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire. J Behav Med 1989; 12: 159-182.
    • (1989) J Behav Med , vol.12 , pp. 159-182
    • Fagerström, K.O.1    Schneider, N.2
  • 83
    • 0033947883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting smoking cessation and major depression in nicotine dependent smokers
    • Breslau N, Johnson EO. Predicting smoking cessation and major depression in nicotine dependent smokers. Am J Pub Health 1999; 90: 1122-1127.
    • (1999) Am J Pub Health , vol.90 , pp. 1122-1127
    • Breslau, N.1    Johnson, E.O.2
  • 84
    • 0033756214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) gene - A genetic risk factor in heavy smoking?
    • Batra A, Gelfort G, Bartels M. The dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) gene - a genetic risk factor in heavy smoking? Addict Biol 2000; 5: 431-438.
    • (2000) Addict Biol , vol.5 , pp. 431-438
    • Batra, A.1    Gelfort, G.2    Bartels, M.3
  • 85
    • 0037309053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A self-administered questionnaire to measure addiction to cigarettes. The Cigarette Dependence Scale
    • Etter JF, LeHouezec J, Perneger TV. A self-administered questionnaire to measure addiction to cigarettes. The Cigarette Dependence Scale. Neuropsychopharmacology 2003; 28: 359-370.
    • (2003) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.28 , pp. 359-370
    • Etter, J.F.1    LeHouezec, J.2    Perneger, T.V.3
  • 86
    • 13844297155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cut-off levels for breath carbon monoxide as a marker for cigarette smoking
    • Javors MA, Hatch JP, Lamb R. Cut-off levels for breath carbon monoxide as a marker for cigarette smoking. Addiction 2005; 100: 159-167.
    • (2005) Addiction , vol.100 , pp. 159-167
    • Javors, M.A.1    Hatch, J.P.2    Lamb, R.3
  • 87
    • 0034929137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking characteristics: Differences in attitudes and dependence between healthy smokers and smokers with COPD
    • Jimenez-Ruiz CA, Masa F, Miravitlles M, et al. Smoking characteristics: differences in attitudes and dependence between healthy smokers and smokers with COPD. Chest 2001; 119: 1365-1370.
    • (2001) Chest , vol.119 , pp. 1365-1370
    • Jimenez-Ruiz, C.A.1    Masa, F.2    Miravitlles, M.3
  • 88
    • 4644351160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Lung Health Education Program. The National Lung Health Education Program: Roots, mission, future directions
    • Petty TL, Doherty DE. National Lung Health Education Program. The National Lung Health Education Program: roots, mission, future directions. Respir Care 2004; 49: 678-683.
    • (2004) Respir Care , vol.49 , pp. 678-683
    • Petty, T.L.1    Doherty, D.E.2
  • 89
    • 2342446788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategies for screening for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Enright PL, Kaminsky DA. Strategies for screening for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Care 2003; 48: 1194-1201.
    • (2003) Respir Care , vol.48 , pp. 1194-1201
    • Enright, P.L.1    Kaminsky, D.A.2
  • 90
    • 2442668950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spirometry is a good method for detecting and monitoring chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in high-risk smokers in primary care
    • Clotet J, Gomez-Arbones X, Ciria C, Aldalad JM. Spirometry is a good method for detecting and monitoring chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in high-risk smokers in primary care. Arch Bronconeumol 2004; 40: 155-159.
    • (2004) Arch Bronconeumol , vol.40 , pp. 155-159
    • Clotet, J.1    Gomez-Arbones, X.2    Ciria, C.3    Aldalad, J.M.4
  • 91
    • 1442351167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early detection of COPD in primary care: Screening by invitation of smokers aged 40 to 55 years
    • Stratelis G, Jakobsson P, Molstad S, Zetterstrom O. Early detection of COPD in primary care: screening by invitation of smokers aged 40 to 55 years. Brit J Gen Pract 2004; 54: 201-206.
    • (2004) Brit J Gen Pract , vol.54 , pp. 201-206
    • Stratelis, G.1    Jakobsson, P.2    Molstad, S.3    Zetterstrom, O.4
  • 92
    • 0037790864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of airflow limitation combined with smoking cessation advice increases stop-smoking rate
    • Gorecka D, Bednarek M, Nowinski A, Puscinska E, Goljan-Geremek A, Zielinski J. Diagnosis of airflow limitation combined with smoking cessation advice increases stop-smoking rate. Chest 2003; 123: 1916-1923.
    • (2003) Chest , vol.123 , pp. 1916-1923
    • Gorecka, D.1    Bednarek, M.2    Nowinski, A.3    Puscinska, E.4    Goljan-Geremek, A.5    Zielinski, J.6
  • 94
    • 0033302238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comorbidity and smoking
    • Hughes JR. Comorbidity and smoking. Nicotine Tob Res 1999; 1: Suppl. 2, S149-S152.
    • (1999) Nicotine Tob Res , vol.1 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Hughes, J.R.1
  • 95
  • 96
    • 0035897882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking cessation and the source of major depression: A follow up study
    • Glassman AH, Covey LS, Stetner F, Rivelli S. Smoking cessation and the source of major depression: a follow up study. Lancet 2001; 357: 1929-1932.
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.357 , pp. 1929-1932
    • Glassman, A.H.1    Covey, L.S.2    Stetner, F.3    Rivelli, S.4
  • 97
    • 1642404349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological distress and depressed mood in employees with asthma, chronic bronchitis or emphysema: A population-based observational study on prevalence and the relationship with smoking cigarettes
    • Wagena E, Kant I, Huibers MJ, et al. Psychological distress and depressed mood in employees with asthma, chronic bronchitis or emphysema: a population-based observational study on prevalence and the relationship with smoking cigarettes. Eur J Epidemiol 2004; 19: 147-153.
    • (2004) Eur J Epidemiol , vol.19 , pp. 147-153
    • Wagena, E.1    Kant, I.2    Huibers, M.J.3
  • 98
    • 0242659412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening for depression in primary care with two verbally asked questions: Cross sectional study
    • Arrol B, Khin N, Kerse N. Screening for depression in primary care with two verbally asked questions: cross sectional study. BMJ 2003; 327: 1144-1146.
    • (2003) BMJ , vol.327 , pp. 1144-1146
    • Arrol, B.1    Khin, N.2    Kerse, N.3
  • 99
    • 0035904608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accuracy of a single question in screening for depression in a cohort of patients after stroke: Comparative study
    • Watkins C, Daniels L, Jack C, Dickinson H, van der Broek M. Accuracy of a single question in screening for depression in a cohort of patients after stroke: comparative study. BMJ 2001; 323: 1159.
    • (2001) BMJ , vol.323 , pp. 1159
    • Watkins, C.1    Daniels, L.2    Jack, C.3    Dickinson, H.4    van der Broek, M.5
  • 100
    • 0027912858 scopus 로고
    • Smoking cessation during previous years among adults in United States 1990 and 1991
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Smoking cessation during previous years among adults in United States 1990 and 1991. MMWR 1993; 42: 504-507.
    • (1993) MMWR , vol.42 , pp. 504-507
  • 101
    • 0003977511 scopus 로고
    • The health consequences of smoking: Chronic obstructive lung disease. A report of the Surgeon General
    • US Dept of Health and Human Services. Rockville, US Dept of Health and Human Services
    • US Dept of Health and Human Services. The health consequences of smoking: Chronic obstructive lung disease. A report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, US Dept of Health and Human Services, 1984.
    • (1984)
  • 102
    • 0036257567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its determinants
    • van Manen JG, Bindels PJ, Dekker FW. Risk of depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its determinants. Thorax 2002; 57: 412-416.
    • (2002) Thorax , vol.57 , pp. 412-416
    • van Manen, J.G.1    Bindels, P.J.2    Dekker, F.W.3
  • 103
  • 104
    • 0031886896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Major depression and stages of smoking. A longitudinal investigation
    • Breslau N, Peterson EL, Schultz LR. Major depression and stages of smoking. A longitudinal investigation. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1998; 55: 161-166.
    • (1998) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.55 , pp. 161-166
    • Breslau, N.1    Peterson, E.L.2    Schultz, L.R.3
  • 106
    • 0024389216 scopus 로고
    • Severity of withdrawal symptoms as a predictor of outcome of an attempt to quit smoking
    • West R, Hajek P, Belcher M. Severity of withdrawal symptoms as a predictor of outcome of an attempt to quit smoking. Psychol Med 1989; 19: 981-985.
    • (1989) Psychol Med , vol.19 , pp. 981-985
    • West, R.1    Hajek, P.2    Belcher, M.3
  • 107
    • 0029850199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progression from a smoking lapse to relapse: Prediction from abstinence violation effects, nicotine dependence, and lapse characteristics
    • Shiffman S, Hickcox M, Paty J, Gnys M, Kassel J, Richards T. Progression from a smoking lapse to relapse: prediction from abstinence violation effects, nicotine dependence, and lapse characteristics. J Consult Clin Psychol 1996; 64: 993-1002.
    • (1996) J Consult Clin Psychol , vol.64 , pp. 993-1002
    • Shiffman, S.1    Hickcox, M.2    Paty, J.3    Gnys, M.4    Kassel, J.5    Richards, T.6
  • 108
    • 0033777123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional impairment in COPD patients: The impact of anxiety and depression
    • Kim HF, Kunik ME, Molinari VA. Functional impairment in COPD patients: the impact of anxiety and depression. Psychosomatics 2000; 41: 465-471.
    • (2000) Psychosomatics , vol.41 , pp. 465-471
    • Kim, H.F.1    Kunik, M.E.2    Molinari, V.A.3
  • 109
    • 33846927886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological state and personality traits of patients in a pulmonary rehabilitation program
    • de Voogd JN, Elzen HA. Psychological state and personality traits of patients in a pulmonary rehabilitation program. Eur Respir J 2001; 18: Suppl. 33, 54s.
    • (2001) Eur Respir J , vol.18 , Issue.SUPPL. 33
    • de Voogd, J.N.1    Elzen, H.A.2
  • 110
    • 33846900802 scopus 로고
    • Psychological aspects of care in the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patient
    • Dudley DL, Wermuth C, Hague W. Psychological aspects of care in the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patient. Heart Lung 1973; 2: 339-345.
    • (1973) Heart Lung , vol.2 , pp. 339-345
    • Dudley, D.L.1    Wermuth, C.2    Hague, W.3
  • 112
    • 4544371570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lung function and level of the smoker's nicotine dependence
    • Miloskovic V, Lazic Z. Lung function and level of the smoker's nicotine dependence. Eur Respir J 2001; 18: Suppl. 33, S115-S116.
    • (2001) Eur Respir J , vol.18 , Issue.SUPPL. 33
    • Miloskovic, V.1    Lazic, Z.2
  • 114
    • 0032753298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening for nicotine dependence among smoking-related cancer patients
    • Mikami I, Akechi T, Kugaya A, et al. Screening for nicotine dependence among smoking-related cancer patients. Japan J Cancer Res 1999; 90: 1071-1075.
    • (1999) Japan J Cancer Res , vol.90 , pp. 1071-1075
    • Mikami, I.1    Akechi, T.2    Kugaya, A.3
  • 115
    • 4544241357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can cumulative tobacco consumption, FTND score, and carbon monoxide concentrations in expired air be predictors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
    • Jimenez-Ruiz CA, Miravitlles M, Sobradillo V, et al. Can cumulative tobacco consumption, FTND score, and carbon monoxide concentrations in expired air be predictors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? Nic Tob Res 2004; 6: 649-653.
    • (2004) Nic Tob Res , vol.6 , pp. 649-653
    • Jimenez-Ruiz, C.A.1    Miravitlles, M.2    Sobradillo, V.3
  • 116
    • 0021918801 scopus 로고
    • Smoking pattern of smokers with and without tobacco-related lung diseases
    • Medici TC, Unger S, Ruegger M. Smoking pattern of smokers with and without tobacco-related lung diseases. Amer Rev Resp Dis 1985; 131: 385-388.
    • (1985) Amer Rev Resp Dis , vol.131 , pp. 385-388
    • Medici, T.C.1    Unger, S.2    Ruegger, M.3
  • 117
    • 0035035768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • NHLBI/WHO Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Workshop Summary
    • Pauwels RA, Buist AS, Calverley PM. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NHLBI/WHO Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Workshop Summary. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 163: 1256-1276.
    • (2001) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.163 , pp. 1256-1276
    • Pauwels, R.A.1    Buist, A.S.2    Calverley, P.M.3
  • 118
    • 0029156848 scopus 로고
    • Optimal assessment and management of COPD
    • Siafakas NM, Vermeire P, Pride NB, et al. Optimal assessment and management of COPD. Eur Respir J 1995; 8: 1398-1420.
    • (1995) Eur Respir J , vol.8 , pp. 1398-1420
    • Siafakas, N.M.1    Vermeire, P.2    Pride, N.B.3
  • 122
    • 1542616265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effectiveness of personally tailored computer generated advice letters for smoking cessation
    • Borland R, Balmford J, Hunt D. The effectiveness of personally tailored computer generated advice letters for smoking cessation. Addiction 2004; 99: 369-377.
    • (2004) Addiction , vol.99 , pp. 369-377
    • Borland, R.1    Balmford, J.2    Hunt, D.3
  • 123
    • 0345687941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised controlled trial of smoking cessation intervention after admission for coronary heart disease
    • Quist-Paulsen P, Gallefos F. Randomised controlled trial of smoking cessation intervention after admission for coronary heart disease. BMJ 2003; 327: 1254-1257.
    • (2003) BMJ , vol.327 , pp. 1254-1257
    • Quist-Paulsen, P.1    Gallefos, F.2
  • 124
    • 0037374416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A controlled trial of an expert system and self-help manual intervention based on the stages of change versus standard self-help materials in smoking cessation
    • Aveyard P, Griffin C, Lawrence T, Cheng KK. A controlled trial of an expert system and self-help manual intervention based on the stages of change versus standard self-help materials in smoking cessation. Addiction 2003; 98: 345-354.
    • (2003) Addiction , vol.98 , pp. 345-354
    • Aveyard, P.1    Griffin, C.2    Lawrence, T.3    Cheng, K.K.4
  • 126
    • 84921429527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nursing interventions for smoking cessation
    • CD001188
    • Rice V, Stead LF. Nursing interventions for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004; 1: CD001188.
    • (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , vol.1
    • Rice, V.1    Stead, L.F.2
  • 127
    • 0020680143 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of four methods for smoking cessation in patients with smoking related disorders
    • British Thoracic Society
    • British Thoracic Society. Comparison of four methods for smoking cessation in patients with smoking related disorders. BMJ 1983; 286: 595-597.
    • (1983) BMJ , vol.286 , pp. 595-597
  • 128
    • 21844469006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual behavioural counselling for smoking cessation
    • CD001292
    • Lancaster T, Stead LF. Individual behavioural counselling for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005; 2: CD001292.
    • (2005) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , vol.2
    • Lancaster, T.1    Stead, L.F.2
  • 129
    • 18344399696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Group behaviour therapy programmes for smoking cessation
    • CD001007
    • Stead LF, Lancaster T. Group behaviour therapy programmes for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005; 2: CD001007.
    • (2005) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , vol.2
    • Stead, L.F.1    Lancaster, T.2
  • 130
  • 132
    • 0034935749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effectiveness of callback counselling for smoking cessation: A randomised trial
    • Borland R, Segan CJ, Livingston PM, Owen N. The effectiveness of callback counselling for smoking cessation: a randomised trial. Addiction 2001; 96: 881-889.
    • (2001) Addiction , vol.96 , pp. 881-889
    • Borland, R.1    Segan, C.J.2    Livingston, P.M.3    Owen, N.4
  • 133
    • 0142094517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telephone counselling as an adjunct to nicotine patches in smoking cessation: A randomised controlled trial
    • Macleod ZR, Charles MA, Arnaldi VC, Adams IM. Telephone counselling as an adjunct to nicotine patches in smoking cessation: a randomised controlled trial. Med J Aust 2003; 179: 349-352.
    • (2003) Med J Aust , vol.179 , pp. 349-352
    • Macleod, Z.R.1    Charles, M.A.2    Arnaldi, V.C.3    Adams, I.M.4
  • 135
    • 0034763633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of a short bout of exercise on tobacco withdrawal symptoms and desire to smoke
    • (Berl)
    • Ussher M, Nunciata P, Cropley M, West R. Effect of a short bout of exercise on tobacco withdrawal symptoms and desire to smoke. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2001; 158: 66-72.
    • (2001) Psychopharmacology , vol.158 , pp. 66-72
    • Ussher, M.1    Nunciata, P.2    Cropley, M.3    West, R.4
  • 136
    • 0033017380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise effects on withdrawal and mood among women attempting smoking cessation
    • Bock BC, Marcus BH, King TK, Borrelli B, Roberts MR. Exercise effects on withdrawal and mood among women attempting smoking cessation. Addict Behav 1999; 24: 399-410.
    • (1999) Addict Behav , vol.24 , pp. 399-410
    • Bock, B.C.1    Marcus, B.H.2    King, T.K.3    Borrelli, B.4    Roberts, M.R.5
  • 137
    • 0024452596 scopus 로고
    • The effects of exercise training on mood and perceived coping ability in anxious adults from the general population
    • Steptoe A, Edwards S, Moses J, Mathews A. The effects of exercise training on mood and perceived coping ability in anxious adults from the general population. J Psychosom Res 1989; 33: 537-547.
    • (1989) J Psychosom Res , vol.33 , pp. 537-547
    • Steptoe, A.1    Edwards, S.2    Moses, J.3    Mathews, A.4
  • 138
    • 0031029094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise and self-esteem in middle-aged adults: Multidimensional relationships and physical fitness and self-efficacy influences
    • McAuley E, Mihalko SL, Bane SM. Exercise and self-esteem in middle-aged adults: multidimensional relationships and physical fitness and self-efficacy influences. J Behav Med 1997; 20: 67-83.
    • (1997) J Behav Med , vol.20 , pp. 67-83
    • McAuley, E.1    Mihalko, S.L.2    Bane, S.M.3
  • 139
    • 18944371260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise interventions for smoking cessation
    • CD002295
    • Ussher M. Exercise interventions for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005; 1: CD002295.
    • (2005) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , vol.1
    • Ussher, M.1
  • 142
    • 0029009455 scopus 로고
    • Behavioural anti-smoking trial in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients
    • Crowley TJ, Macdonald MJ, Walter MI. Behavioural anti-smoking trial in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Psychopharmacology 1995; 119: 193-204.
    • (1995) Psychopharmacology , vol.119 , pp. 193-204
    • Crowley, T.J.1    Macdonald, M.J.2    Walter, M.I.3
  • 143
    • 84907127376 scopus 로고
    • The effect of counselling on smoking cessation among patients hospitalised with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomised clinical trial
    • Pederson LL, Wanklin JM, Lefcoe NM. The effect of counselling on smoking cessation among patients hospitalised with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised clinical trial. Int J Addiction 1991; 26: 107-119.
    • (1991) Int J Addiction , vol.26 , pp. 107-119
    • Pederson, L.L.1    Wanklin, J.M.2    Lefcoe, N.M.3
  • 144
    • 4043124780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The efficacy of smoking cessation strategies in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Results from a systematic review
    • Wagena EJ, van der Meer RM, Ostelo RJ, Jacobs JE, van Schayck CP. The efficacy of smoking cessation strategies in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: results from a systematic review. Respir Med 2004; 98: 805-815.
    • (2004) Respir Med , vol.98 , pp. 805-815
    • Wagena, E.J.1    van der Meer, R.M.2    Ostelo, R.J.3    Jacobs, J.E.4    van Schayck, C.P.5
  • 145
    • 0025104351 scopus 로고
    • Smoking cessation in patients: Two further studies by the British Thoracic Society
    • Research Committee of the British Thoracic Society
    • Research Committee of the British Thoracic Society. Smoking cessation in patients: two further studies by the British Thoracic Society. Thorax 1990; 45: 835-840.
    • (1990) Thorax , vol.45 , pp. 835-840
  • 146
    • 0033772793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Routine smoking cessation with four nicotine regiments in a lung clinic
    • Tønnesen P, Mikkelsen KL. Routine smoking cessation with four nicotine regiments in a lung clinic. Eur Respir J 2000; 16: 717-722.
    • (2000) Eur Respir J , vol.16 , pp. 717-722
    • Tønnesen, P.1    Mikkelsen, K.L.2
  • 147
    • 0033662997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking cessation guidelines for health professionals: An update
    • West R, McNeill A, Raw M. Smoking cessation guidelines for health professionals: an update. Thorax 2000; 55: 987-999.
    • (2000) Thorax , vol.55 , pp. 987-999
    • West, R.1    McNeill, A.2    Raw, M.3
  • 148
    • 0004342220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European partnership to reduce tobacco dependence: WHO evidence based recommendations on the treatment of tobacco dependence
    • World Health Organisation. Geneva, WHO
    • World Health Organisation. European partnership to reduce tobacco dependence: WHO evidence based recommendations on the treatment of tobacco dependence. Geneva, WHO, 2001.
    • (2001)
  • 149
    • 70249086072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking cessation - Bupropion and nicotine replacement therapy
    • National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence Technology appraisal TA39. Date last accessed: May 2006. Date last updated: March
    • National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Smoking cessation - bupropion and nicotine replacement therapy. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence Technology appraisal TA39. www.nice.org.uk/page.aspx?o=TA39. Date last accessed: May 2006. Date last updated: March 2002.
    • (2002)
  • 151
    • 0037539982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benefits and risks of pharmacological smoking cessation therapies in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Wagena E, Zeegers M, Van Schayck C, Wouters E. Benefits and risks of pharmacological smoking cessation therapies in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Drug Saf 2003; 26: 381-403.
    • (2003) Drug Saf , vol.26 , pp. 381-403
    • Wagena, E.1    Zeegers, M.2    Van Schayck, C.3    Wouters, E.4
  • 152
    • 0027962628 scopus 로고
    • Effects of smoking intervention and the use of an inhaled anticholinergic bronchodilator on the rate of decline of FEV1: The Lung Health Study
    • Anthonisen NR, Connett JE, Kiley JP, et al. Effects of smoking intervention and the use of an inhaled anticholinergic bronchodilator on the rate of decline of FEV1: The Lung Health Study. JAMA 1994; 272: 1497-1505.
    • (1994) JAMA , vol.272 , pp. 1497-1505
    • Anthonisen, N.R.1    Connett, J.E.2    Kiley, J.P.3
  • 153
    • 0038798988 scopus 로고
    • Effective use of nicotine polacrilex (Nicorette) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • In: Aoki M, Hisamichi S, Tominaga S, eds. Amsterdam, Elsevier
    • Sachs DPL, Benowitz NL, Silver KJ. Effective use of nicotine polacrilex (Nicorette) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In: Aoki M, Hisamichi S, Tominaga S, eds. Smoking and health. Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1987; pp. 793-795.
    • (1987) Smoking and Health , pp. 793-795
    • Sachs, D.P.L.1    Benowitz, N.L.2    Silver, K.J.3
  • 154
    • 0031534496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking cessation among COPD and chronic bronchitis patients using the nicotine nasal spray
    • Glover ED, Glover PN, Abrons HL, et al. Smoking cessation among COPD and chronic bronchitis patients using the nicotine nasal spray. Am J Health Behav 1997; 21: 310-317.
    • (1997) Am J Health Behav , vol.21 , pp. 310-317
    • Glover, E.D.1    Glover, P.N.2    Abrons, H.L.3
  • 155
    • 33846935851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking cessation
    • In: Pauwels RA, Postma DS, Weiss ST, eds. Lung Biology in Health and Disease, New York, Marcel Dekker
    • Tønnesen P. Smoking cessation. In: Pauwels RA, Postma DS, Weiss ST, eds. Long-term intervention in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Lung Biology in Health and Disease, vol. 191. New York, Marcel Dekker, 2005; pp. 315-352.
    • (2005) Long-term Intervention in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease , vol.191 , pp. 315-352
    • Tønnesen, P.1
  • 156
    • 0026101089 scopus 로고
    • Smoking cessation in hospital patients given repeated advice plus nicotine or placebo chewing gum
    • Campell IA, Prescott RJ, Tjeder-Burton SM. Smoking cessation in hospital patients given repeated advice plus nicotine or placebo chewing gum. Respir Med 1991; 85: 155-157.
    • (1991) Respir Med , vol.85 , pp. 155-157
    • Campell, I.A.1    Prescott, R.J.2    Tjeder-Burton, S.M.3
  • 157
    • 0030007043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transdermal nicotine plus support in patients attending hospital with smoking-related diseases: A placebo-controlled study
    • Campbell IA, Prescott RJ, Teder-Burton SM. Transdermal nicotine plus support in patients attending hospital with smoking-related diseases: a placebo-controlled study. Respir Med 1996; 90: 47-51.
    • (1996) Respir Med , vol.90 , pp. 47-51
    • Campbell, I.A.1    Prescott, R.J.2    Teder-Burton, S.M.3
  • 159
    • 0032029764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transdermal nicotine replacement for hospitalized patients: A randomized clinical trial
    • Lewis SF, Piasecki TM, Anderson JE, Baker TB. Transdermal nicotine replacement for hospitalized patients: a randomized clinical trial. Prev Med 1998; 27: 296-303.
    • (1998) Prev Med , vol.27 , pp. 296-303
    • Lewis, S.F.1    Piasecki, T.M.2    Anderson, J.E.3    Baker, T.B.4
  • 160
    • 10344221542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nurse-conducted smoking cessation with minimal intervention in a lung clinic: A randomized controlled study
    • Tønnesen P, Mikkelsen KL, Markholst C, et al. Nurse-conducted smoking cessation with minimal intervention in a lung clinic: a randomized controlled study. Eur Respir J 1996; 9: 2351-2355.
    • (1996) Eur Respir J , vol.9 , pp. 2351-2355
    • Tønnesen, P.1    Mikkelsen, K.L.2    Markholst, C.3
  • 161
    • 33747623320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nurse-conducted smoking cessation in patients with COPD, using nicotine sublingual tablets and behavioral support
    • Tønnesen P, Mikkelsen K, Bremann L. Nurse-conducted smoking cessation in patients with COPD, using nicotine sublingual tablets and behavioral support. Chest 2006; 130: 314-316.
    • (2006) Chest , vol.130 , pp. 314-316
    • Tønnesen, P.1    Mikkelsen, K.2    Bremann, L.3
  • 162
    • 33846922449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bupropion treatment and cognitive behavioral therapy in smoking cessation program
    • Gratziou C, Francis K, Maragianni A, et al. Bupropion treatment and cognitive behavioral therapy in smoking cessation program. Eur Respir J 2001; 18: Suppl. 33, 12s.
    • (2001) Eur Respir J , vol.18 , Issue.SUPPL. 33
    • Gratziou, C.1    Francis, K.2    Maragianni, A.3
  • 163
    • 0041909536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of bupropion for smoking cessation
    • Richmond R, Zwar N. Review of bupropion for smoking cessation. Drug and Alcohol Review 2003; 22: 203-220.
    • (2003) Drug and Alcohol Review , vol.22 , pp. 203-220
    • Richmond, R.1    Zwar, N.2
  • 164
    • 0023850928 scopus 로고
    • Two and four mg nicotine chewing gum and group counseling in smoking cessation: An open, randomized, controlled trial with a 22 month follow-up
    • Tønnesen P, Fryd V, Hansen M, et al. Two and four mg nicotine chewing gum and group counseling in smoking cessation: An open, randomized, controlled trial with a 22 month follow-up. Addict Behav 1988; 13: 17-27.
    • (1988) Addict Behav , vol.13 , pp. 17-27
    • Tønnesen, P.1    Fryd, V.2    Hansen, M.3
  • 165
    • 0032979241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Higher dosage nicotine patches increase one-year smoking cessation rates: Results from the European CEASE-trial
    • Tønnessen P, Paoletti P, Gustavsson G, et al. Higher dosage nicotine patches increase one-year smoking cessation rates: results from the European CEASE-trial. Eur Respir J 1999; 13: 238-246.
    • (1999) Eur Respir J , vol.13 , pp. 238-246
    • Tønnessen, P.1    Paoletti, P.2    Gustavsson, G.3
  • 167
    • 0000114116 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of bupropion for smoking cessation in non-depressed smokers
    • Ferry LH, Burchette RJ. Efficacy of bupropion for smoking cessation in non-depressed smokers. J Addict Disord 1994; 13: 249.
    • (1994) J Addict Disord , vol.13 , pp. 249
    • Ferry, L.H.1    Burchette, R.J.2
  • 168
    • 1642321779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multicentre, randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, 6-month trial of bupropion hydrochloride sustained release tablets as an aid to smoking cessation in hospital employees
    • Dalsgareth O, Hansen N, Soes-Petersen U, et al. A multicentre, randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, 6-month trial of bupropion hydrochloride sustained release tablets as an aid to smoking cessation in hospital employees. Nicotine Tob Res 2004; 6: 55-61.
    • (2004) Nicotine Tob Res , vol.6 , pp. 55-61
    • Dalsgareth, O.1    Hansen, N.2    Soes-Petersen, U.3
  • 170
    • 0037653582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bupropion SR for smoking cessation in smokers with cardiovascular disease: A multicentre, randomised study
    • Tonstad S, Farsang D, Klaene G, et al. Bupropion SR for smoking cessation in smokers with cardiovascular disease: a multicentre, randomised study. Eur Heart J 2003; 24: 946-955.
    • (2003) Eur Heart J , vol.24 , pp. 946-955
    • Tonstad, S.1    Farsang, D.2    Klaene, G.3
  • 171
    • 0035909046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustained-release bupropion for pharmacologic relapse prevention after smoking cessation: A randomized, controlled trial
    • Hays JT, Hurt RD, Rigotti NA, et al. Sustained-release bupropion for pharmacologic relapse prevention after smoking cessation: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 2001; 135: 423-433.
    • (2001) Ann Intern Med , vol.135 , pp. 423-433
    • Hays, J.T.1    Hurt, R.D.2    Rigotti, N.A.3
  • 172
    • 0242490094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictive factors in smoking cessation with combined therapy with bupropion and nicotine patches
    • Sampablo I, Lores L, Coll-Klein F, Jimenez C, Rebasa P. Predictive factors in smoking cessation with combined therapy with bupropion and nicotine patches. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2003; 59: 171-176.
    • (2003) Monaldi Arch Chest Dis , vol.59 , pp. 171-176
    • Sampablo, I.1    Lores, L.2    Coll-Klein, F.3    Jimenez, C.4    Rebasa, P.5
  • 173
    • 0033522206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A controlled trial of sustained-release bupropion, a nicotine patch, or both for smoking cessation
    • Jorenby DE, Leischow SJ, Nides MA, et al. A controlled trial of sustained-release bupropion, a nicotine patch, or both for smoking cessation. N Engl J Med 1999; 340: 685-691.
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.340 , pp. 685-691
    • Jorenby, D.E.1    Leischow, S.J.2    Nides, M.A.3
  • 174
    • 0027723650 scopus 로고
    • Smoking cessation clonidine, and vulnerability to nicotine among dependent smokers
    • Glassman AH, Covey LS, Dalack GW, et al. Smoking cessation clonidine, and vulnerability to nicotine among dependent smokers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1993; 54: 670-679.
    • (1993) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.54 , pp. 670-679
    • Glassman, A.H.1    Covey, L.S.2    Dalack, G.W.3
  • 176
    • 33745614361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist, vs sustained-release bupropion and placebo for smoking cessation
    • 2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist, vs sustained-release bupropion and placebo for smoking cessation. JAMA 2006; 296: 47-55.
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.296 , pp. 47-55
    • Gonzales, D.1    Rennard, S.I.2    Nides, M.3
  • 177
    • 33745611449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist, vs placebo or sustained-release bupropion for smoking cessation
    • 2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist, vs placebo or sustained-release bupropion for smoking cessation. JAMA 2006; 296: 56-63.
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.296 , pp. 56-63
    • Jorenby, D.E.1    Hays, T.2    Rigotti, N.A.3
  • 178
    • 33745599140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of maintenance therapy with varenicline on smoking cessation
    • Tonstad S, Tønnesen P, Hajek P, et al. Effect of maintenance therapy with varenicline on smoking cessation. JAMA 2006; 296: 64-71.
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.296 , pp. 64-71
    • Tonstad, S.1    Tønnesen, P.2    Hajek, P.3
  • 179
    • 20444407166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1 receptor antagonists for the treatment of nicotine addiction
    • 1 receptor antagonists for the treatment of nicotine addiction. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2005; 81: 387-395.
    • (2005) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.81 , pp. 387-395
    • Cohen, C.1    Kodas, E.2    Griebel, G.3
  • 180
    • 33846925798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of rimonabant in the reduction of major cardiovascular risk factors
    • Results from the STRATUS-US Trial (smoking cessation in smokers motivated to quit). American College of Cardiology 53rd Annual Scientific Session. New Orleans, American College of Cardiology
    • Anthenelli RM, Despres JP. Effects of rimonabant in the reduction of major cardiovascular risk factors. Results from the STRATUS-US Trial (smoking cessation in smokers motivated to quit). American College of Cardiology 53rd Annual Scientific Session. New Orleans, American College of Cardiology, 2004.
    • (2004)
    • Anthenelli, R.M.1    Despres, J.P.2
  • 181
    • 17144382751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of the cannabinoid-1 receptor blocker rimonabant on weight reduction and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight patients: 1-year experience from the RIO-Europe study
    • Van Gaal LF, Rissanen AM, Scheen AJ, Ziegler O, Rossner S. Effects of the cannabinoid-1 receptor blocker rimonabant on weight reduction and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight patients: 1-year experience from the RIO-Europe study. Lancet 2005; 365: 1364-1389.
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.365 , pp. 1364-1389
    • Van Gaal, L.F.1    Rissanen, A.M.2    Scheen, A.J.3    Ziegler, O.4    Rossner, S.5
  • 182
    • 0033255396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A metanalysis of acupuncture techniques for smoking cessation
    • White A, Resch K, Ernst E. A metanalysis of acupuncture techniques for smoking cessation. Tob Control 1999; 8: 393-397.
    • (1999) Tob Control , vol.8 , pp. 393-397
    • White, A.1    Resch, K.2    Ernst, E.3
  • 183
    • 0034571663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laser acupuncture for adolescent smokers - A randomised, double-blind controlled trial
    • Yiming C, Changxin Z, Ung WS, Lei Z, Kean LS. Laser acupuncture for adolescent smokers - a randomised, double-blind controlled trial. Am J Chin Med 2000; 28: 443-449.
    • (2000) Am J Chin Med , vol.28 , pp. 443-449
    • Yiming, C.1    Changxin, Z.2    Ung, W.S.3    Lei, Z.4    Kean, L.S.5
  • 185
    • 0034609218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking reduction with oral nicotine inhalers: Double blind, randomised clinical trial of efficacy and safety
    • Bolliger CT, Zellweger JP, Danielsson T, et al. Smoking reduction with oral nicotine inhalers: double blind, randomised clinical trial of efficacy and safety. BMJ 2000; 321: 329-333.
    • (2000) BMJ , vol.321 , pp. 329-333
    • Bolliger, C.T.1    Zellweger, J.P.2    Danielsson, T.3
  • 186
    • 0142124930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking reduction promotes smoking cessation: Results from a double blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial of nicotine gum with 2-year follow-up
    • Wennike P, Danielsson T, Landfeldt T, Westin Å, Tønnesen P. Smoking reduction promotes smoking cessation: Results from a double blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial of nicotine gum with 2-year follow-up. Addiction 2003; 98: 1395-1402.
    • (2003) Addiction , vol.98 , pp. 1395-1402
    • Wennike, P.1    Danielsson, T.2    Landfeldt, T.3    Westin, Å.4    Tønnesen, P.5
  • 187
    • 0032950263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ability of smokers to reduce their smoking and its association with future smoking cessation
    • Hughes JR, Cummings KM, Hyland A. Ability of smokers to reduce their smoking and its association with future smoking cessation. Addiction 1999; 94: 109-114.
    • (1999) Addiction , vol.94 , pp. 109-114
    • Hughes, J.R.1    Cummings, K.M.2    Hyland, A.3
  • 188
    • 0034961256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of smoking reduction and cessation in a cohort of Danish moderate and heavy smokers
    • Gotfredsen N, Prescott E, Osler M, Vestbo J. Predictors of smoking reduction and cessation in a cohort of Danish moderate and heavy smokers. Prev Med 2001; 33: 46-52.
    • (2001) Prev Med , vol.33 , pp. 46-52
    • Gotfredsen, N.1    Prescott, E.2    Osler, M.3    Vestbo, J.4
  • 189
    • 33846910977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutting down smoking then stopping with nicotine replacement therapy: An innovative approach to smoking cessation
    • Tønnesen P, Danielsson T. Cutting down smoking then stopping with nicotine replacement therapy: an innovative approach to smoking cessation. Thorax 2005; 60: Suppl. II, ii36.
    • (2005) Thorax , vol.60 , Issue.SUPPL. II
    • Tønnesen, P.1    Danielsson, T.2
  • 191
    • 0011881914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking reduction: Efficacy and implementation
    • Hughes JR. Smoking reduction: efficacy and implementation. Addiction 2000; 95: Suppl. 1, S3-S37.
    • (2000) Addiction , vol.95 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Hughes, J.R.1
  • 192
    • 0033144863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The future of tobacco product regulation and labelling in Europe: Implications for the forthcoming European Union directive
    • Bates C, McNeill A, Jarvis M, Gray N. The future of tobacco product regulation and labelling in Europe: Implications for the forthcoming European Union directive. Tob Control 1999; 8: 225-235.
    • (1999) Tob Control , vol.8 , pp. 225-235
    • Bates, C.1    McNeill, A.2    Jarvis, M.3    Gray, N.4
  • 193
    • 0034268271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised trial investigating effect of a novel nicotine delivery device (Eclipse) and a nicotine oral inhaler on smoking behaviour, nicotine and carbon monoxide exposure, and motivation to quit
    • Fagerström KO, Hughes JR, Rasmussen T, Callas PW. Randomised trial investigating effect of a novel nicotine delivery device (Eclipse) and a nicotine oral inhaler on smoking behaviour, nicotine and carbon monoxide exposure, and motivation to quit. Tob Control 2000; 9: 327-333.
    • (2000) Tob Control , vol.9 , pp. 327-333
    • Fagerström, K.O.1    Hughes, J.R.2    Rasmussen, T.3    Callas, P.W.4
  • 194
    • 20444440407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward a comprehensive long term nicotine policy
    • Gray N, Henningfield JE, Benowitz NL, et al. Toward a comprehensive long term nicotine policy. Tob Control 2005; 14: 161-165.
    • (2005) Tob Control , vol.14 , pp. 161-165
    • Gray, N.1    Henningfield, J.E.2    Benowitz, N.L.3
  • 195
    • 0004033451 scopus 로고
    • How to help your patients to stop smoking: A National Cancer Institute Manual for Physicians
    • NIH Publication No. 93-3064. Bethesda, National Institutes of Health
    • Glynn TJ, Manley MW. How to help your patients to stop smoking: A National Cancer Institute Manual for Physicians. NIH Publication No. 93-3064. Bethesda, National Institutes of Health, 1993.
    • (1993)
    • Glynn, T.J.1    Manley, M.W.2
  • 196
    • 0025718741 scopus 로고
    • Process of smoking cessation. Implications for clinicians
    • Prochaska JO, Goldstein MG. Process of smoking cessation. Implications for clinicians. Clin Chest Med 1991; 12: 727-735.
    • (1991) Clin Chest Med , vol.12 , pp. 727-735
    • Prochaska, J.O.1    Goldstein, M.G.2
  • 197
    • 0018872141 scopus 로고
    • Expired air carbon monoxide: A simple breath test of tobacco smoke intake
    • Jarvis MJ, Russell MA, Saloojee Y. Expired air carbon monoxide: a simple breath test of tobacco smoke intake. BMJ 1980; 281: 484-485.
    • (1980) BMJ , vol.281 , pp. 484-485
    • Jarvis, M.J.1    Russell, M.A.2    Saloojee, Y.3
  • 198
    • 0033900976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The overarching challenge
    • Heffner JE. The overarching challenge. Chest 2000; 118: Suppl. 2, 1S-3S.
    • (2000) Chest , vol.118 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Heffner, J.E.1
  • 199
    • 0033871089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for the effectiveness of techniques to change physician behavior
    • Smith WR. Evidence for the effectiveness of techniques to change physician behavior. Chest 2000; 118: Suppl. 2, 8S-17S.
    • (2000) Chest , vol.118 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Smith, W.R.1
  • 200
    • 0033890819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Translating guidelines into clinical practice
    • Recommendations to the American College of Chest Physicians
    • Heffner JE, Alberts WM, Irwin R, Wunderink R. Translating guidelines into clinical practice. Recommendations to the American College of Chest Physicians. Chest 2000; 118: Suppl. 2, 70S-73S.
    • (2000) Chest , vol.118 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Heffner, J.E.1    Alberts, W.M.2    Irwin, R.3    Wunderink, R.4
  • 201
    • 0032437915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of personal tobacco smoking on the clinical practice of Italian chest physicians
    • Nardini S, Bertoletti R, Rastelli V, Donner CF. The influence of personal tobacco smoking on the clinical practice of Italian chest physicians. Eur Respir J 1998; 12: 1450-1453.
    • (1998) Eur Respir J , vol.12 , pp. 1450-1453
    • Nardini, S.1    Bertoletti, R.2    Rastelli, V.3    Donner, C.F.4
  • 202
    • 33846907981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Smoke-Free Hospital Network. Date last accessed: November 28, 2006. Date last modified: November
    • European Smoke-Free Hospital Network. http://ensh.aphp.fr. Date last accessed: November 28, 2006. Date last modified: November 23, 2006.
    • (2006) , pp. 23
  • 203
    • 0347985210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disease cases and their medical costs attributable to smoking: An analysis of the national medical expenditure survey
    • Johnson E, Dominici F, Griswold M, Zeger SL. Disease cases and their medical costs attributable to smoking: an analysis of the national medical expenditure survey. J Econometrics 2003; 112: 135-151.
    • (2003) J Econometrics , vol.112 , pp. 135-151
    • Johnson, E.1    Dominici, F.2    Griswold, M.3    Zeger, S.L.4
  • 205
  • 206
    • 0032410535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidance for commissioners on the cost effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions
    • Parrott S, Godfrey C, Raw M, West R, McNeill A. Guidance for commissioners on the cost effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions. Thorax 1998; 53: Suppl. 5, S1-S38.
    • (1998) Thorax , vol.53 , Issue.SUPPL. 5
    • Parrott, S.1    Godfrey, C.2    Raw, M.3    West, R.4    McNeill, A.5
  • 207
    • 14244270644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The economic and social costs of lung cancer and the economics of smoking prevention
    • Godfrey C. The economic and social costs of lung cancer and the economics of smoking prevention. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2001; 56: 458-461.
    • (2001) Monaldi Arch Chest Dis , vol.56 , pp. 458-461
    • Godfrey, C.1
  • 208
    • 33846933912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economic Consequences of Smoking (ECOS) model
    • World Health Organization. WHO European Partnership Project to Reduce Tobacco Dependence. Copenhagen-Geneva, World Health Organization
    • World Health Organization. Economic Consequences of Smoking (ECOS) model. WHO European Partnership Project to Reduce Tobacco Dependence. Copenhagen-Geneva, World Health Organization, 1999.
    • (1999)
  • 209
    • 33846903968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health and Economic Consequences of Smoking (ECOS) model
    • WHO European Partnership Project to Reduce Tobacco Dependence. Appendix 1. Copenhagen-Geneva, World Health Organization
    • Lazzaro C. Health and Economic Consequences of Smoking (ECOS) model. WHO European Partnership Project to Reduce Tobacco Dependence. Appendix 1. Copenhagen-Geneva, World Health Organization, 1999.
    • (1999)
    • Lazzaro, C.1
  • 210
    • 0034201434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Costs of employee smoking in the workplace in Scotland
    • Parrott S, Godfrey C, Raw M. Costs of employee smoking in the workplace in Scotland. Tob Control 2000; 9: 187-192.
    • (2000) Tob Control , vol.9 , pp. 187-192
    • Parrott, S.1    Godfrey, C.2    Raw, M.3
  • 213
    • 0026278394 scopus 로고
    • Developing the health care market
    • Maynard A. Developing the health care market. Econ J 1991; 101: 1277-1286.
    • (1991) Econ J , vol.101 , pp. 1277-1286
    • Maynard, A.1
  • 214
    • 0025853367 scopus 로고
    • Cost effectiveness of low-dose zidovudine therapy for asymptomatic patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
    • Schulmann KA, Loma AL, Glick HA, Eisenberg J. Cost effectiveness of low-dose zidovudine therapy for asymptomatic patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Ann Int Med 1991; 114: 798-802.
    • (1991) Ann Int Med , vol.114 , pp. 798-802
    • Schulmann, K.A.1    Loma, A.L.2    Glick, H.A.3    Eisenberg, J.4
  • 216
    • 0030704598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost-effectiveness of the clinical practice recommendations in the AHCPR guideline for smoking cessation
    • Agency for Health Care Policy and Research
    • Cromwell J, Bartosch WJ, Fiore MC, Hasselblad V, Baker T. Cost-effectiveness of the clinical practice recommendations in the AHCPR guideline for smoking cessation. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. JAMA 1997; 278: 1759-1766.
    • (1997) JAMA , vol.278 , pp. 1759-1766
    • Cromwell, J.1    Bartosch, W.J.2    Fiore, M.C.3    Hasselblad, V.4    Baker, T.5
  • 217
    • 0003473986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Independent inquiry into inequalities in health
    • Department of Health. London, Stationery Office
    • Department of Health. Independent inquiry into inequalities in health. London, Stationery Office, 1998.
    • (1998)
  • 218
    • 17944369098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A rapid and systematic review of the clinical and cost effectiveness of bupropion SR and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) for smoking cessation
    • NHS Centre for Reviews & Dissemination. York, University of York
    • NHS Centre for Reviews & Dissemination. A rapid and systematic review of the clinical and cost effectiveness of bupropion SR and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) for smoking cessation. York, University of York, 2002.
    • (2002)
  • 220
    • 85007753923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inequalities in health. Studies in inequality in health need careful interpretation
    • Baker D, Illsley R. Inequalities in health. Studies in inequality in health need careful interpretation. BMJ 1998; 317: 1659.
    • (1998) BMJ , vol.317 , pp. 1659
    • Baker, D.1    Illsley, R.2
  • 221
    • 33846936642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social policies "must focus on inequalities"
    • Whitfield L. Social policies "must focus on inequalities". Health Service Journal 1998; 108: 8.
    • (1998) Health Service Journal , vol.108 , pp. 8
    • Whitfield, L.1
  • 222
    • 0032958750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The continuum-of-addiction: Cigarette smoking in relation to price among Americans aged 15-29
    • Harris JE, Chan SW. The continuum-of-addiction: cigarette smoking in relation to price among Americans aged 15-29. Health Econ 1999; 8: 81-86.
    • (1999) Health Econ , vol.8 , pp. 81-86
    • Harris, J.E.1    Chan, S.W.2
  • 226
    • 33846939930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Date last accessed: September
    • Chaloupka FJ. Tobacco taxation. www.impacteen.org/generalarea-PDFs/ NCSLSEATTLE111601.pdf. Date last accessed: September 22, 2006.
    • (2006) Tobacco Taxation , vol.22
    • Chaloupka, F.J.1
  • 227
    • 33846924942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Price, tobacco control policies and youth and young adult tobacco use
    • Date last accessed: September
    • Chaloupka FJ. Price, tobacco control policies and youth and young adult tobacco use. www.iinpacteen.org/generalareaPDFs/TUPT1082401.pdf. Date last accessed: September 22, 2006.
    • , vol.22 , pp. 2006
    • Chaloupka, F.J.1
  • 228
    • 33744997948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost-effectiveness of pharmacotherapies for nicotine dependence in primary care settings: A multinational comparison
    • Cornuz J, Gilbert A, Pinget C, et al. Cost-effectiveness of pharmacotherapies for nicotine dependence in primary care settings: a multinational comparison. Tobacco Control 2006; 15: 152-159.
    • (2006) Tobacco Control , vol.15 , pp. 152-159
    • Cornuz, J.1    Gilbert, A.2    Pinget, C.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.