-
1
-
-
0141792640
-
Daily and seasonal movements and habitat use by female Rocky Mountain elk and mule deer
-
Ager, A. A., B. K. Johnson, J. W. Kern, and J. G. Kie. 2003. Daily and seasonal movements and habitat use by female Rocky Mountain elk and mule deer. Journal of Mammalogy 84:1076-1088.
-
(2003)
Journal of Mammalogy
, vol.84
, pp. 1076-1088
-
-
Ager, A.A.1
Johnson, B.K.2
Kern, J.W.3
Kie, J.G.4
-
2
-
-
0343778151
-
Optimum allocation in multivariate double sampling for biomass estimation
-
Ahmed, J., and C. D. Bonham. 1982. Optimum allocation in multivariate double sampling for biomass estimation. Journal of Range Management 35:777-779.
-
(1982)
Journal of Range Management
, vol.35
, pp. 777-779
-
-
Ahmed, J.1
Bonham, C.D.2
-
3
-
-
0001071390
-
Comparison of techniques used for adjusting biomass estimated by double sampling
-
_, and W. A. Laycock. 1983. Comparison of techniques used for adjusting biomass estimated by double sampling. Journal of Range Management 36:217-221.
-
(1983)
Journal of Range Management
, vol.36
, pp. 217-221
-
-
Ahmed, J.1
Bonham, C.D.2
Laycock, W.A.3
-
4
-
-
18044368650
-
Scale-dependent summer resource selection by reintroduced elk in Wisconsin, USA
-
Anderson, D. P., M. G. Turner, J. D. Forester, J. Zhu, M. S. Boyce, H. Beyer, and L. Stowell. 2005. Scale-dependent summer resource selection by reintroduced elk in Wisconsin, USA. Journal of Wildlife Management 69:298-310.
-
(2005)
Journal of Wildlife Management
, vol.69
, pp. 298-310
-
-
Anderson, D.P.1
Turner, M.G.2
Forester, J.D.3
Zhu, J.4
Boyce, M.S.5
Beyer, H.6
Stowell, L.7
-
5
-
-
0034943446
-
Suggestions for presenting the results of data analyses
-
Anderson, D. R., W. A. Link, D. H. Johnson, and K. P. Burnham. 2001. Suggestions for presenting the results of data analyses. Journal of Wildlife Management 65:373-378.
-
(2001)
Journal of Wildlife Management
, vol.65
, pp. 373-378
-
-
Anderson, D.R.1
Link, W.A.2
Johnson, D.H.3
Burnham, K.P.4
-
6
-
-
0542420419
-
Guidelines for the capture, handling, and care of mammals as approved by the American Society of Mammalogists
-
Animal Care and Use Committee
-
Animal Care and Use Committee. 1998. Guidelines for the capture, handling, and care of mammals as approved by the American Society of Mammalogists. Journal of Mammalogy 74:1416-1431.
-
(1998)
Journal of Mammalogy
, vol.74
, pp. 1416-1431
-
-
-
7
-
-
0035662214
-
Effects of migratory grazers on spatial heterogeneity of soil nitrogen properties in a grassland ecosystem
-
Augustine, D. J., and D. A. Frank. 2001. Effects of migratory grazers on spatial heterogeneity of soil nitrogen properties in a grassland ecosystem. Ecology 82:3149-3162.
-
(2001)
Ecology
, vol.82
, pp. 3149-3162
-
-
Augustine, D.J.1
Frank, D.A.2
-
8
-
-
0031786775
-
Ungulate effects on the functional species composition of plant communities: Herbivore selectivity and plant tolerance
-
_, and S. J. McNaughton. 1998. Ungulate effects on the functional species composition of plant communities: herbivore selectivity and plant tolerance. Journal of Wildlife Management 62:1165-1183.
-
(1998)
Journal of Wildlife Management
, vol.62
, pp. 1165-1183
-
-
Augustine, D.J.1
Frank, D.A.2
McNaughton, S.J.3
-
9
-
-
0034426533
-
Sexual segregation in dimorphic deer: A new gastrocentric hypothesis
-
Barboza, P. S., and R. T. Bowyer. 2000. Sexual segregation in dimorphic deer: a new gastrocentric hypothesis. Journal of Mammalogy 81:473-489.
-
(2000)
Journal of Mammalogy
, vol.81
, pp. 473-489
-
-
Barboza, P.S.1
Bowyer, R.T.2
-
10
-
-
0000349478
-
Seasonality of sexual segregation in dimorphic deer: Extending the gastrocentric model
-
_, and _. 2001. Seasonality of sexual segregation in dimorphic deer: extending the gastrocentric model. Alces 37:275-292.
-
(2001)
Alces
, vol.37
, pp. 275-292
-
-
Barboza, P.S.1
Bowyer, R.T.2
-
12
-
-
0022857422
-
Changes in the composition and standing crop of salt marsh communities in response to removal of a grazer
-
Bazely, D. R. 1986. Changes in the composition and standing crop of salt marsh communities in response to removal of a grazer. Journal of Ecology 74:693-706.
-
(1986)
Journal of Ecology
, vol.74
, pp. 693-706
-
-
Bazely, D.R.1
-
13
-
-
0022173544
-
Goose faeces: A source of nitrogen for plant growth in a grazed marsh
-
_, and R. L. Jefferies. 1985. Goose faeces: a source of nitrogen for plant growth in a grazed marsh. Journal of Applied Ecology 22:693-703.
-
(1985)
Journal of Applied Ecology
, vol.22
, pp. 693-703
-
-
Bazely, D.R.1
Jefferies, R.L.2
-
14
-
-
3242722301
-
Community- and landscape-level responses of reptiles and small mammals to feral-horse grazing in the Great Basin
-
Beever, E. A., and P. F. Brussard. 2004. Community- and landscape-level responses of reptiles and small mammals to feral-horse grazing in the Great Basin. Journal of Arid Environments 59:271-297.
-
(2004)
Journal of Arid Environments
, vol.59
, pp. 271-297
-
-
Beever, E.A.1
Brussard, P.F.2
-
15
-
-
0028680520
-
Plant defenses and optimal foraging by mammalian herbivores
-
Belovsky, G. E., and O. J. Schmitz. 1994. Plant defenses and optimal foraging by mammalian herbivores. Journal of Mammalogy 75:816-832.
-
(1994)
Journal of Mammalogy
, vol.75
, pp. 816-832
-
-
Belovsky, G.E.1
Schmitz, O.J.2
-
16
-
-
0022854239
-
Does herbivory benefit plants? A review of the evidence
-
Belsky, A. J. 1986. Does herbivory benefit plants? A review of the evidence. American Naturalist 127:870-892.
-
(1986)
American Naturalist
, vol.127
, pp. 870-892
-
-
Belsky, A.J.1
-
17
-
-
0001291827
-
The effects of grazing: Confounding of ecosystem, community and organism scales
-
_. 1987. The effects of grazing: confounding of ecosystem, community and organism scales. American Naturalist 129:777-783.
-
(1987)
American Naturalist
, vol.129
, pp. 777-783
-
-
Belsky, A.J.1
-
18
-
-
0025956082
-
Pregnancy incentives, predation constraints and habitat shifts: Experimental and field evidence for wild bighorn sheep
-
Berger, J. 1991. Pregnancy incentives, predation constraints and habitat shifts: experimental and field evidence for wild bighorn sheep. Animal Behaviour 41:61-77.
-
(1991)
Animal Behaviour
, vol.41
, pp. 61-77
-
-
Berger, J.1
-
19
-
-
0001077894
-
Sex ratios in extant ungulates: Products of contemporary predation or past life histories?
-
_, and M. E. Gompper. 1999. Sex ratios in extant ungulates: products of contemporary predation or past life histories? Journal of Mammalogy 80:1084-1113.
-
(1999)
Journal of Mammalogy
, vol.80
, pp. 1084-1113
-
-
Berger, J.1
Gompper, M.E.2
-
20
-
-
0034903637
-
A mammalian predator-prey imbalance: Grizzly bear and wolf extinction affect avian neotropical migrants
-
_, P. B. Stacy, L. Bellis, and M. P. Johnson. 2001. A mammalian predator-prey imbalance: grizzly bear and wolf extinction affect avian neotropical migrants. Ecological Applications 11:947-960.
-
(2001)
Ecological Applications
, vol.11
, pp. 947-960
-
-
Berger, J.1
Gompper, M.E.2
Stacy, P.B.3
Bellis, L.4
Johnson, M.P.5
-
21
-
-
0035573067
-
Patterns of stem damage by moose (Alces alces) in young Pinus sylverstris stands in Sweden
-
Bergquist, G., R. Bergstrom, and L. Edenius. 2001. Patterns of stem damage by moose (Alces alces) in young Pinus sylverstris stands in Sweden. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 16:363-370.
-
(2001)
Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research
, vol.16
, pp. 363-370
-
-
Bergquist, G.1
Bergstrom, R.2
Edenius, L.3
-
22
-
-
0023495143
-
Effects of simulated winter browsing by moose on morphology and biomass of two birch species
-
Bergstrom, R., and K. Danell. 1987. Effects of simulated winter browsing by moose on morphology and biomass of two birch species. Journal of Ecology 75:533-544.
-
(1987)
Journal of Ecology
, vol.75
, pp. 533-544
-
-
Bergstrom, R.1
Danell, K.2
-
23
-
-
0345166935
-
Influence of elk grazing on soil properties in Rocky Mountain National Park
-
Binkley, D., F. Singer, M. Kaye, and R. Rochelle. 2003. Influence of elk grazing on soil properties in Rocky Mountain National Park. Forest Ecology and Management 185:239-247.
-
(2003)
Forest Ecology and Management
, vol.185
, pp. 239-247
-
-
Binkley, D.1
Singer, F.2
Kaye, M.3
Rochelle, R.4
-
26
-
-
0001890470
-
Effects of previous browsing on the selection of willow stems by Alaskan moose
-
Bowyer, J. W., and R. T. Bowyer. 1997. Effects of previous browsing on the selection of willow stems by Alaskan moose. Alces 33:11-18.
-
(1997)
Alces
, vol.33
, pp. 11-18
-
-
Bowyer, J.W.1
Bowyer, R.T.2
-
27
-
-
0000761955
-
Activity, movement, and distribution of Roosevelt elk during rut
-
Bowyer, R. T. 1981. Activity, movement, and distribution of Roosevelt elk during rut. Journal of Mammalogy 62:574-582.
-
(1981)
Journal of Mammalogy
, vol.62
, pp. 574-582
-
-
Bowyer, R.T.1
-
28
-
-
0021537507
-
Sexual segregation in southern mule deer
-
_. 1984. Sexual segregation in southern mule deer. Journal of Mammalogy 65:410-417.
-
(1984)
Journal of Mammalogy
, vol.65
, pp. 410-417
-
-
Bowyer, R.T.1
-
29
-
-
0025955162
-
Timing of parturition and lactation in southern mule deer
-
_. 1991. Timing of parturition and lactation in southern mule deer. Journal of Mammalogy 72:138-145.
-
(1991)
Journal of Mammalogy
, vol.72
, pp. 138-145
-
-
Bowyer, R.T.1
-
30
-
-
11144228695
-
Sexual segregation in ruminants: Definitions, hypotheses, and implications for conservation and management
-
_. 2004. Sexual segregation in ruminants: definitions, hypotheses, and implications for conservation and management. Journal of Mammalogy 85: 1039-1052.
-
(2004)
Journal of Mammalogy
, vol.85
, pp. 1039-1052
-
-
Bowyer, R.T.1
-
31
-
-
0001459067
-
Effects of cattle grazing on selected habitats of southern mule deer
-
_, and V. C. Bleich. 1984. Effects of cattle grazing on selected habitats of southern mule deer. California Fish and Game 70:240-247.
-
(1984)
California Fish and Game
, vol.70
, pp. 240-247
-
-
Bowyer, R.T.1
Bleich, V.C.2
-
32
-
-
2642512471
-
Effects of foraging activity on sexual segregation in mule deer
-
_, and J. G. Kie. 2004. Effects of foraging activity on sexual segregation in mule deer. Journal of Mammalogy 85:498-504.
-
(2004)
Journal of Mammalogy
, vol.85
, pp. 498-504
-
-
Bowyer, R.T.1
Bleich, V.C.2
Kie, J.G.3
-
33
-
-
33646238252
-
Effects of scale on interpreting life-history characteristics of ungulates and carnivores
-
_, and _. 2006. Effects of scale on interpreting life-history characteristics of ungulates and carnivores. Diversity and Distributions 12:244-257.
-
(2006)
Diversity and Distributions
, vol.12
, pp. 244-257
-
-
Bowyer, R.T.1
Bleich, V.C.2
Kie, J.G.3
-
35
-
-
1842535305
-
Causes and consequences of sociality in mule deer
-
_, D. R. McCullough, and G. E. Belovsky. 2001a. Causes and consequences of sociality in mule deer. Alces 37:371-402.
-
(2001)
Alces
, vol.37
, pp. 371-402
-
-
Bowyer, R.T.1
Bleich, V.C.2
Kie, J.G.3
Van Ballenberghe, V.4
McCullough, D.R.5
Belovsky, G.E.6
-
36
-
-
1842483327
-
Effects of browsing history by Alaskan moose on regrowth and quality of feltleaf willow
-
_, and J. A. Neville. 2003. Effects of browsing history by Alaskan moose on regrowth and quality of feltleaf willow. Alces 39:193-202.
-
(2003)
Alces
, vol.39
, pp. 193-202
-
-
Bowyer, R.T.1
Bleich, V.C.2
Kie, J.G.3
Van Ballenberghe, V.4
McCullough, D.R.5
Belovsky, G.E.6
Neville, J.A.7
-
37
-
-
0004642910
-
Moose on Kalgin Island: Are density-dependent processes related to harvest?
-
_, M. C. Nicholson, E. M. Molvar, and J. B. Faro. 1999. Moose on Kalgin Island: are density-dependent processes related to harvest? Alces 35:73-89.
-
(1999)
Alces
, vol.35
, pp. 73-89
-
-
Bowyer, R.T.1
Bleich, V.C.2
Kie, J.G.3
Van Ballenberghe, V.4
McCullough, D.R.5
Belovsky, G.E.6
Neville, J.A.7
Nicholson, M.C.8
Molvar, E.M.9
Faro, J.B.10
-
38
-
-
33646250565
-
Detecting top-down versus bottom-up regulation of ungulates by large carnivores: Implications for conservation of biodiversity
-
J. C. Ray, K. H. Redford, R. S. Steneck, and J. Berger, editors, Island, Covelo, California, USA
-
_, D. K. Person, and B. M. Pierce. 2005. Detecting top-down versus bottom-up regulation of ungulates by large carnivores: implications for conservation of biodiversity. Pages 342-361 in J. C. Ray, K. H. Redford, R. S. Steneck, and J. Berger, editors. Large carnivores and biodiversity conservation. Island, Covelo, California, USA.
-
(2005)
Large carnivores and biodiversity conservation
, pp. 342-361
-
-
Bowyer, R.T.1
Bleich, V.C.2
Kie, J.G.3
Van Ballenberghe, V.4
McCullough, D.R.5
Belovsky, G.E.6
Neville, J.A.7
Nicholson, M.C.8
Molvar, E.M.9
Faro, J.B.10
Person, D.K.11
Pierce, B.M.12
-
39
-
-
0005452582
-
Sexual segregation in moose: Effects of habitat manipulation
-
_, B. M. Pierce, L. K. Duffy, and D. A. Haggstrom. 2001b. Sexual segregation in moose: effects of habitat manipulation. Alces 37:109-122.
-
(2001)
Alces
, vol.37
, pp. 109-122
-
-
Bowyer, R.T.1
Bleich, V.C.2
Kie, J.G.3
Van Ballenberghe, V.4
McCullough, D.R.5
Belovsky, G.E.6
Neville, J.A.7
Nicholson, M.C.8
Molvar, E.M.9
Faro, J.B.10
Person, D.K.11
Pierce, B.M.12
Pierce, B.M.13
Duffy, L.K.14
Haggstrom, D.A.15
-
40
-
-
33749506643
-
Geographical variation in antler morphology of Alaskan moose: Putative effects of habitat and genetics
-
_, K. M. Stewart, B. M. Pierce, K. J. Hundertmark, and W. C. Gasaway. 2002. Geographical variation in antler morphology of Alaskan moose: putative effects of habitat and genetics. Alces 38:155-165.
-
(2002)
Alces
, vol.38
, pp. 155-165
-
-
Bowyer, R.T.1
Bleich, V.C.2
Kie, J.G.3
Van Ballenberghe, V.4
McCullough, D.R.5
Belovsky, G.E.6
Neville, J.A.7
Nicholson, M.C.8
Molvar, E.M.9
Faro, J.B.10
Person, D.K.11
Pierce, B.M.12
Pierce, B.M.13
Duffy, L.K.14
Haggstrom, D.A.15
Stewart, K.M.16
Pierce, B.M.17
Hundertmark, K.J.18
Gasaway, W.C.19
-
41
-
-
0002527933
-
The role of moose in landscape processes: Effects of biogeography, population dynamics and predation
-
J. A. Bissonette, editor, Springer Verlag, New York, New York, USA
-
_, V. Van Ballenberghe, and J. G. Kie. 1997. The role of moose in landscape processes: effects of biogeography, population dynamics and predation. Pages 265-287 in J. A. Bissonette, editor. Wildlife and landscape ecology: effects of pattern and scale. Springer Verlag, New York, New York, USA.
-
(1997)
Wildlife and landscape ecology: Effects of pattern and scale
, pp. 265-287
-
-
Bowyer, R.T.1
Bleich, V.C.2
Kie, J.G.3
Van Ballenberghe, V.4
McCullough, D.R.5
Belovsky, G.E.6
Neville, J.A.7
Nicholson, M.C.8
Molvar, E.M.9
Faro, J.B.10
Person, D.K.11
Pierce, B.M.12
Pierce, B.M.13
Duffy, L.K.14
Haggstrom, D.A.15
Stewart, K.M.16
Pierce, B.M.17
Hundertmark, K.J.18
Gasaway, W.C.19
Van Ballenberghe, V.20
Kie, J.G.21
more..
-
42
-
-
0542396666
-
Timing and synchrony of parturition in Alaskan moose: Long-term versus proximal effects of climate
-
_, and _. 1998. Timing and synchrony of parturition in Alaskan moose: long-term versus proximal effects of climate. Journal of Mammalogy 79:1332-1344.
-
(1998)
Journal of Mammalogy
, vol.79
, pp. 1332-1344
-
-
Bowyer, R.T.1
Bleich, V.C.2
Kie, J.G.3
Van Ballenberghe, V.4
McCullough, D.R.5
Belovsky, G.E.6
Neville, J.A.7
Nicholson, M.C.8
Molvar, E.M.9
Faro, J.B.10
Person, D.K.11
Pierce, B.M.12
Pierce, B.M.13
Duffy, L.K.14
Haggstrom, D.A.15
Stewart, K.M.16
Pierce, B.M.17
Hundertmark, K.J.18
Gasaway, W.C.19
Van Ballenberghe, V.20
Kie, J.G.21
more..
-
44
-
-
0021032459
-
Carbon/nutrient balance of boreal plants in relation to herbivory
-
Bryant, J. P., F. S. Chapin, and D. R. Klein. 1983. Carbon/nutrient balance of boreal plants in relation to herbivory. Oikos 40:357-368.
-
(1983)
Oikos
, vol.40
, pp. 357-368
-
-
Bryant, J.P.1
Chapin, F.S.2
Klein, D.R.3
-
45
-
-
0024872696
-
Lack of compensatory growth under phosphorus deficiency in grazing-adapted grasses from the Serengeti Plains
-
Chapin, F. S. III, and S. J. McNaughton. 1989. Lack of compensatory growth under phosphorus deficiency in grazing-adapted grasses from the Serengeti Plains. Oecologia 79:551-557.
-
(1989)
Oecologia
, vol.79
, pp. 551-557
-
-
Chapin III, F.S.1
McNaughton, S.J.2
-
46
-
-
0041739267
-
Factors preventing the recovery of New Zealand forests following control of invasive deer
-
Coomes, D. A., R. B. Allen, D. M. Forsyth, and W. G. Lee. 2003. Factors preventing the recovery of New Zealand forests following control of invasive deer. Conservation Biology 17:450-459.
-
(2003)
Conservation Biology
, vol.17
, pp. 450-459
-
-
Coomes, D.A.1
Allen, R.B.2
Forsyth, D.M.3
Lee, W.G.4
-
47
-
-
0021030029
-
Plant-herbivore interactions in a North American mixed-grass prairie I. Effects of black-tailed prairie dogs on interseasonal aboveground plant biomass and nutrient dynamics and plant species diversity
-
Coppock, D. L., J. K. Detling, J. E. Ellis, and M. I. Dyer. 1983. Plant-herbivore interactions in a North American mixed-grass prairie I. Effects of black-tailed prairie dogs on interseasonal aboveground plant biomass and nutrient dynamics and plant species diversity. Oecologia 56:1-9.
-
(1983)
Oecologia
, vol.56
, pp. 1-9
-
-
Coppock, D.L.1
Detling, J.K.2
Ellis, J.E.3
Dyer, M.I.4
-
48
-
-
11244257500
-
Ecological impacts of deer overabundance
-
Coté, S. D., T. P. Rooney, J. P. Tremblay, C. Dussault, and D. K. Waller. 2004. Ecological impacts of deer overabundance. Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics 35:113-147.
-
(2004)
Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics
, vol.35
, pp. 113-147
-
-
Coté, S.D.1
Rooney, T.P.2
Tremblay, J.P.3
Dussault, C.4
Waller, D.K.5
-
49
-
-
0026015794
-
Biomass and nitrogen responses to grazing of upland steppe on Yellowstone Northern winter range
-
Coughenour, M. B. 1991. Biomass and nitrogen responses to grazing of upland steppe on Yellowstone Northern winter range. Journal of Applied Ecology 28:71-82.
-
(1991)
Journal of Applied Ecology
, vol.28
, pp. 71-82
-
-
Coughenour, M.B.1
-
50
-
-
0022193185
-
Responses of an African tall-grass (Hyparrhenia filipendula stapf.) to defoliation and limitations of water and Nitrogen
-
_, S. J. McNaughton, and L. L. Wallace. 1985. Responses of an African tall-grass (Hyparrhenia filipendula stapf.) to defoliation and limitations of water and Nitrogen. Oecologia 68:80-86.
-
(1985)
Oecologia
, vol.68
, pp. 80-86
-
-
Coughenour, M.B.1
McNaughton, S.J.2
Wallace, L.L.3
-
51
-
-
0025262582
-
Grassland patch dynamics and herbivore grazing preference following urine deposition
-
Day, T. A., and J. K. Detling. 1990. Grassland patch dynamics and herbivore grazing preference following urine deposition. Ecology 71:180-188.
-
(1990)
Ecology
, vol.71
, pp. 180-188
-
-
Day, T.A.1
Detling, J.K.2
-
52
-
-
0028161096
-
Effects of white-tailed deer on songbirds within managed forests in Pennsylvania
-
de Calesta, D. S. 1994. Effects of white-tailed deer on songbirds within managed forests in Pennsylvania. Journal of Wildlife Management 58:711-718.
-
(1994)
Journal of Wildlife Management
, vol.58
, pp. 711-718
-
-
de Calesta, D.S.1
-
53
-
-
0034082260
-
Effect of herbivory and plant species replacement on primary production
-
de Mazancourt, C., and M. Loreau. 2000. Effect of herbivory and plant species replacement on primary production. American Naturalist 155:735-754.
-
(2000)
American Naturalist
, vol.155
, pp. 735-754
-
-
de Mazancourt, C.1
Loreau, M.2
-
54
-
-
0031711743
-
Grazing optimization and nutrient cycling: When do herbivores enhance plant production?
-
_, and L. Abbadie. 1998. Grazing optimization and nutrient cycling: when do herbivores enhance plant production? Ecology 79:2242-2252.
-
(1998)
Ecology
, vol.79
, pp. 2242-2252
-
-
de Mazancourt, C.1
Loreau, M.2
Abbadie, L.3
-
55
-
-
0025262583
-
Regrowth and palatability of Acacia shoots following pruning by African savanna browsers
-
du Toit, J. T., J. P. Bryant, and K. Frisby. 1990. Regrowth and palatability of Acacia shoots following pruning by African savanna browsers. Ecology 71:149-154.
-
(1990)
Ecology
, vol.71
, pp. 149-154
-
-
du Toit, J.T.1
Bryant, J.P.2
Frisby, K.3
-
57
-
-
33846860334
-
-
Dyksterhuis, E. L., and C. T. High. 1978. Soil survey of Union County area, Oregon. U.S. Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service, Oregon, USA.
-
Dyksterhuis, E. L., and C. T. High. 1978. Soil survey of Union County area, Oregon. U.S. Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service, Oregon, USA.
-
-
-
-
58
-
-
0029860067
-
Corrections for position bias of a LORAN-C radio-telemetry system using DGPS
-
Findholt, S. L., B. K. Johnson, L. D. Bryant, and J. W. Thomas. 1996. Corrections for position bias of a LORAN-C radio-telemetry system using DGPS. Northwest Science 70:273-280.
-
(1996)
Northwest Science
, vol.70
, pp. 273-280
-
-
Findholt, S.L.1
Johnson, B.K.2
Bryant, L.D.3
Thomas, J.W.4
-
59
-
-
0034891921
-
Wildlife herbivory and rare plants: The effects of white-tailed deer, rodents and insects on growth and survival of Turk's cap lily
-
Fletcher, J. D., L. A. Shipley, W. J. McShea, and D. L. Shumway. 2001. Wildlife herbivory and rare plants: the effects of white-tailed deer, rodents and insects on growth and survival of Turk's cap lily. Biological Conservation 101:229-238.
-
(2001)
Biological Conservation
, vol.101
, pp. 229-238
-
-
Fletcher, J.D.1
Shipley, L.A.2
McShea, W.J.3
Shumway, D.L.4
-
60
-
-
0034882076
-
Impacts of woodland deer on small mammal ecology
-
Flowerdew, J. R., and S. A. Ellwood. 2001. Impacts of woodland deer on small mammal ecology. Forestry 74:277-287.
-
(2001)
Forestry
, vol.74
, pp. 277-287
-
-
Flowerdew, J.R.1
Ellwood, S.A.2
-
61
-
-
33644846656
-
Testing the irruptive paradigm of large-herbivore dynamics
-
Forsyth, D. M., and P. Caley. 2006. Testing the irruptive paradigm of large-herbivore dynamics. Ecology 87:297-303.
-
(2006)
Ecology
, vol.87
, pp. 297-303
-
-
Forsyth, D.M.1
Caley, P.2
-
62
-
-
0000945651
-
Density dependence as related to life history strategy
-
Fowler, C. W. 1981. Density dependence as related to life history strategy. Ecology 62:602-610.
-
(1981)
Ecology
, vol.62
, pp. 602-610
-
-
Fowler, C.W.1
-
63
-
-
3643101722
-
Ungulate versus topographic control of soil carbon and nitrogen processes in grasslands of Yellowstone National Park
-
Frank, D. A., and P. M. Groffman. 1998. Ungulate versus topographic control of soil carbon and nitrogen processes in grasslands of Yellowstone National Park. Ecology 79:2253-2266.
-
(1998)
Ecology
, vol.79
, pp. 2253-2266
-
-
Frank, D.A.1
Groffman, P.M.2
-
64
-
-
0028163499
-
The biogeochemistry of a north-temperate grassland with native ungulates - nitrogen dynamics in Yellowstone National Park
-
_, R. S. Inouye, N. Huntly, G. W. Minshall, and J. E. Anderson. 1994. The biogeochemistry of a north-temperate grassland with native ungulates - nitrogen dynamics in Yellowstone National Park. Biogeochemistry 26:163-188.
-
(1994)
Biogeochemistry
, vol.26
, pp. 163-188
-
-
Frank, D.A.1
Groffman, P.M.2
Inouye, R.S.3
Huntly, N.4
Minshall, G.W.5
Anderson, J.E.6
-
65
-
-
0001190768
-
Consumer control of grassland plant production
-
_, M. M. Kuns, and D. R. Guido. 2002. Consumer control of grassland plant production. Ecology 83:602-606.
-
(2002)
Ecology
, vol.83
, pp. 602-606
-
-
Frank, D.A.1
Groffman, P.M.2
Inouye, R.S.3
Huntly, N.4
Minshall, G.W.5
Anderson, J.E.6
Kuns, M.M.7
Guido, D.R.8
-
66
-
-
0027867925
-
Evidence for the promotion of aboveground grassland production by native large herbivores in Yellowstone National Park
-
_, and S. J. McNaughton. 1992. Evidence for the promotion of aboveground grassland production by native large herbivores in Yellowstone National Park. Oecologia 96:157-161.
-
(1992)
Oecologia
, vol.96
, pp. 157-161
-
-
Frank, D.A.1
Groffman, P.M.2
Inouye, R.S.3
Huntly, N.4
Minshall, G.W.5
Anderson, J.E.6
Kuns, M.M.7
Guido, D.R.8
McNaughton, S.J.9
-
68
-
-
0026302686
-
Forage quality and aggregation by large herbivores
-
Fryxell, J. M. 1991. Forage quality and aggregation by large herbivores. American Naturalist 138:478-498.
-
(1991)
American Naturalist
, vol.138
, pp. 478-498
-
-
Fryxell, J.M.1
-
69
-
-
5344231391
-
Predictive models of movement by Serengeti grazers
-
_, J. F. Wilmshurst, and A. R. E. Sinclair. 2004. Predictive models of movement by Serengeti grazers. Ecology 85:2429-2435.
-
(2004)
Ecology
, vol.85
, pp. 2429-2435
-
-
Fryxell, J.M.1
Wilmshurst, J.F.2
Sinclair, A.R.E.3
-
70
-
-
0035681316
-
Herbaceous vegetation change in variable rangeland environments: The relative contribution of grazing and climatic variability
-
Fuhlendorf, S. D., D. D. Briske, and F. E. Smeins. 2001. Herbaceous vegetation change in variable rangeland environments: the relative contribution of grazing and climatic variability. Applied Vegetation Science 4:177-188.
-
(2001)
Applied Vegetation Science
, vol.4
, pp. 177-188
-
-
Fuhlendorf, S.D.1
Briske, D.D.2
Smeins, F.E.3
-
71
-
-
0034511187
-
Temporal variation in fitness components and population dynamics of large herbivores
-
Gaillard, J. M., M. Festa-Bianchet, N. G. Yoccoz, A. Loison, and C. Toigo. 2000. Temporal variation in fitness components and population dynamics of large herbivores. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 31:367-393.
-
(2000)
Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics
, vol.31
, pp. 367-393
-
-
Gaillard, J.M.1
Festa-Bianchet, M.2
Yoccoz, N.G.3
Loison, A.4
Toigo, C.5
-
72
-
-
0026498080
-
The role of predation in limiting moose at low densities in Alaska and Yukon and implications for conservation
-
Gasaway, W. C., R. D. Boertje, D. V. Grangaard, D. G. Kelleyhouse, R. O. Stephenson, and D. G. Larsen. 1992. The role of predation in limiting moose at low densities in Alaska and Yukon and implications for conservation. Wildlife Monographs 120.
-
(1992)
Wildlife Monographs
, pp. 120
-
-
Gasaway, W.C.1
Boertje, R.D.2
Grangaard, D.V.3
Kelleyhouse, D.G.4
Stephenson, R.O.5
Larsen, D.G.6
-
73
-
-
0024921810
-
Ecological conditions that determine when grazing stimulates grass production
-
Georgiadis, J. J., R. W. Ruess, S. J. McNaughton, and D. Western. 1989. Ecological conditions that determine when grazing stimulates grass production. Oecologia 81:316-322.
-
(1989)
Oecologia
, vol.81
, pp. 316-322
-
-
Georgiadis, J.J.1
Ruess, R.W.2
McNaughton, S.J.3
Western, D.4
-
74
-
-
0001991216
-
Habitat analysis and evaluation
-
S. D. Schemnitz, editor, Manual. The Wildlife Society, Washington, D.C, USA
-
Geysel, L. W., and L. J. Lyon. 1980. Habitat analysis and evaluation. Pages 305-327 in S. D. Schemnitz, editor. Wildlife Techniques Manual. The Wildlife Society, Washington, D.C., USA.
-
(1980)
Wildlife Techniques
, pp. 305-327
-
-
Geysel, L.W.1
Lyon, L.J.2
-
75
-
-
0036143686
-
Asymmetrical interactions between ungulates and phytophagous insects: Being different matters
-
Gomez, J. M., and A. Gonzalez-Megias. 2002. Asymmetrical interactions between ungulates and phytophagous insects: being different matters. Ecology 83:203-211.
-
(2002)
Ecology
, vol.83
, pp. 203-211
-
-
Gomez, J.M.1
Gonzalez-Megias, A.2
-
76
-
-
0842332801
-
Browsing by red deer negatively impacts on soil nitrogen availability in regenerating native forest
-
Harrison, K. A., and R. D. Bardgett. 2004. Browsing by red deer negatively impacts on soil nitrogen availability in regenerating native forest. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 36:115-126.
-
(2004)
Soil Biology and Biochemistry
, vol.36
, pp. 115-126
-
-
Harrison, K.A.1
Bardgett, R.D.2
-
77
-
-
23644431742
-
Human activity mediates a trophic cascade caused by wolves
-
Hebblewhite, M., C. A. White, C. G. Nietvelt, J. A. McKenzie, T. E. Hurd, J. M. Fryxell, S. E. Bayley, and P. C. Paquet. 2005. Human activity mediates a trophic cascade caused by wolves. Ecology 86:2135-2144.
-
(2005)
Ecology
, vol.86
, pp. 2135-2144
-
-
Hebblewhite, M.1
White, C.A.2
Nietvelt, C.G.3
McKenzie, J.A.4
Hurd, T.E.5
Fryxell, J.M.6
Bayley, S.E.7
Paquet, P.C.8
-
78
-
-
0025205866
-
Increases in the net above-ground primary production of a salt-marsh forage grass: A test of the predictions of the herbivore-optimization model
-
Hik, D. S., and R. L. Jefferies. 1990. Increases in the net above-ground primary production of a salt-marsh forage grass: a test of the predictions of the herbivore-optimization model. Journal of Ecology 78:180-195.
-
(1990)
Journal of Ecology
, vol.78
, pp. 180-195
-
-
Hik, D.S.1
Jefferies, R.L.2
-
79
-
-
0002065124
-
Relative growth rates and the grazing optimization hypothesis
-
Hilbert, D. W., D. M. Swift, J. K. Detling, and M. I. Dyer. 1981. Relative growth rates and the grazing optimization hypothesis. Oecologia 51:14-18.
-
(1981)
Oecologia
, vol.51
, pp. 14-18
-
-
Hilbert, D.W.1
Swift, D.M.2
Detling, J.K.3
Dyer, M.I.4
-
80
-
-
0002639418
-
Social behavior of white-tailed deer in relation to habitat
-
Hirth, D. H. 1977. Social behavior of white-tailed deer in relation to habitat. Wildlife Monographs 53.
-
(1977)
Wildlife Monographs
, vol.53
-
-
Hirth, D.H.1
-
81
-
-
0004164818
-
-
University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
-
Hitchcock, C. L., and A. Cronquist. 1996. Flora of the Pacific Northwest. University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
-
(1996)
Flora of the Pacific Northwest
-
-
Hitchcock, C.L.1
Cronquist, A.2
-
82
-
-
0027431581
-
Effects of simulated herbivory and intraspecific competition on the compensatory ability of birches
-
Hjalten, J., K. Danell, and L. Ericson. 1993. Effects of simulated herbivory and intraspecific competition on the compensatory ability of birches. Ecology 74:1136-1142.
-
(1993)
Ecology
, vol.74
, pp. 1136-1142
-
-
Hjalten, J.1
Danell, K.2
Ericson, L.3
-
83
-
-
0030417343
-
Modification of ecosystems by ungulates
-
Hobbs, N. T. 1996. Modification of ecosystems by ungulates. Journal of Wildlife Management 60:695-713.
-
(1996)
Journal of Wildlife Management
, vol.60
, pp. 695-713
-
-
Hobbs, N.T.1
-
84
-
-
0002301687
-
Ungulate grazing in sagebrush grassland: Mechanisms of resource competition
-
_, D. L. Baker, G. D. Bear, and D. C. Bowden. 1996. Ungulate grazing in sagebrush grassland: mechanisms of resource competition. Ecological Applications 6:200-217.
-
(1996)
Ecological Applications
, vol.6
, pp. 200-217
-
-
Hobbs, N.T.1
Baker, D.L.2
Bear, G.D.3
Bowden, D.C.4
-
85
-
-
0001840424
-
Energy- and nitrogen-based estimates of elk winter-range carrying capacity
-
_, J. E. Ellis, and D. M. Swift. 1982. Energy- and nitrogen-based estimates of elk winter-range carrying capacity. Journal of Wildlife Management 46:12-21.
-
(1982)
Journal of Wildlife Management
, vol.46
, pp. 12-21
-
-
Hobbs, N.T.1
Baker, D.L.2
Bear, G.D.3
Bowden, D.C.4
Ellis, J.E.5
Swift, D.M.6
-
86
-
-
0025262831
-
Plant response to herbivory and belowground nitrogen cycling
-
Holland, E. A., and J. K. Detling. 1990. Plant response to herbivory and belowground nitrogen cycling. Ecology 71:1040-1049.
-
(1990)
Ecology
, vol.71
, pp. 1040-1049
-
-
Holland, E.A.1
Detling, J.K.2
-
88
-
-
0026395612
-
Herbivores and the dynamics of communities and ecosystems
-
Huntly, N. 1991. Herbivores and the dynamics of communities and ecosystems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 22:477-503.
-
(1991)
Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics
, vol.22
, pp. 477-503
-
-
Huntly, N.1
-
89
-
-
0002651301
-
Pattern and process in arctic coastal vegetation in response to foraging by lesser snow geese
-
H. Olff, V. K. Brown, and R. H. Drent, editors, Biology. Chapman and Hall, London, United Kingdom
-
Jefferies, R. L. 1988. Pattern and process in arctic coastal vegetation in response to foraging by lesser snow geese. Pages 341-369 in H. Olff, V. K. Brown, and R. H. Drent, editors. Plant Evolutionary Biology. Chapman and Hall, London, United Kingdom.
-
(1988)
Plant Evolutionary
, pp. 341-369
-
-
Jefferies, R.L.1
-
90
-
-
0036072181
-
Foraging geese, vegetation loss, and soil degradation in an Arctic salt marsh
-
_, and R. F. Rockwell. 2002. Foraging geese, vegetation loss, and soil degradation in an Arctic salt marsh. Applied Vegetation Sciences 5:7-16.
-
(2002)
Applied Vegetation Sciences
, vol.5
, pp. 7-16
-
-
Jefferies, R.L.1
Rockwell, R.F.2
-
91
-
-
2642537182
-
Agricultural food subsidies, migratory connectivity and large-scale disturbance in arctic coastal systems: A case study
-
_, and K. E. Abraham. 2004. Agricultural food subsidies, migratory connectivity and large-scale disturbance in arctic coastal systems: a case study. Integrative and Comparative Biology 44:130-139.
-
(2004)
Integrative and Comparative Biology
, vol.44
, pp. 130-139
-
-
Jefferies, R.L.1
Rockwell, R.F.2
Abraham, K.E.3
-
92
-
-
0031826079
-
Mitigating spatial differences in observation rate of automated telemetry systems
-
Johnson, B. K., A. A. Ager, S. L. Findholt, M. J. Wisdom, D. Marx, and L. D. Bryant. 1998. Mitigating spatial differences in observation rate of automated telemetry systems. Journal of Wildlife Management 62:958-967.
-
(1998)
Journal of Wildlife Management
, vol.62
, pp. 958-967
-
-
Johnson, B.K.1
Ager, A.A.2
Findholt, S.L.3
Wisdom, M.J.4
Marx, D.5
Bryant, L.D.6
-
93
-
-
0033949226
-
Resource selection and spatial separation of mule deer and elk in spring
-
_, J. W. Kern, M. J. Wisdom, S. L. Findholt, and J. G. Kie. 2000. Resource selection and spatial separation of mule deer and elk in spring. Journal of Wildlife Management 64:685-697.
-
(2000)
Journal of Wildlife Management
, vol.64
, pp. 685-697
-
-
Johnson, B.K.1
Ager, A.A.2
Findholt, S.L.3
Wisdom, M.J.4
Marx, D.5
Bryant, L.D.6
Kern, J.W.7
Wisdom, M.J.8
Findholt, S.L.9
Kie, J.G.10
-
94
-
-
0003675176
-
-
Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA
-
Johnson, R. A., and D. W. Wichern. 1992. Applied multivariate statistical analysis. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA.
-
(1992)
Applied multivariate statistical analysis
-
-
Johnson, R.A.1
Wichern, D.W.2
-
95
-
-
0003684085
-
-
ESRI, Redlands, California, USA
-
Johnston, K., J. M. Ver Hoef, K. Krivoruchko, and N. Lucas. 2001. Using ArcGIS geostatistical analyst. ESRI, Redlands, California, USA.
-
(2001)
Using ArcGIS geostatistical analyst
-
-
Johnston, K.1
Ver Hoef, J.M.2
Krivoruchko, K.3
Lucas, N.4
-
96
-
-
0033993812
-
Life-history consequences of maternal condition in Alaskan moose
-
Keech, M. A., R. T. Bowyer, J. M. Ver Hoef, R. D. Boertje, B. W. Dale, and T. R. Stephenson. 2000. Life-history consequences of maternal condition in Alaskan moose. Journal of Wildlife Management 64:450-462.
-
(2000)
Journal of Wildlife Management
, vol.64
, pp. 450-462
-
-
Keech, M.A.1
Bowyer, R.T.2
Ver Hoef, J.M.3
Boertje, R.D.4
Dale, B.W.5
Stephenson, T.R.6
-
97
-
-
0034994545
-
Impacts of density and large mammals on space use by the pouched mouse (Soccostomus mernsi) in central Keyna
-
Keesing, F., and T. Crowford. 2001. Impacts of density and large mammals on space use by the pouched mouse (Soccostomus mernsi) in central Keyna. Journal of Tropical Ecology 17:465-472.
-
(2001)
Journal of Tropical Ecology
, vol.17
, pp. 465-472
-
-
Keesing, F.1
Crowford, T.2
-
99
-
-
0001735520
-
Optimal foraging in a risky environment: Life-history strategies for ungulates
-
Kie, J. G. 1999. Optimal foraging in a risky environment: life-history strategies for ungulates. Journal of Mammalogy 80:1004-1020.
-
(1999)
Journal of Mammalogy
, vol.80
, pp. 1004-1020
-
-
Kie, J.G.1
-
100
-
-
21244471478
-
Landscape-level movements of North American elk (Cervus elaphus): Effects of habitat patch structure and topography
-
_, A. A. Ager, and R. T. Bowyer. 2005. Landscape-level movements of North American elk (Cervus elaphus): effects of habitat patch structure and topography. Landscape Ecology 20:289-300.
-
(2005)
Landscape Ecology
, vol.20
, pp. 289-300
-
-
Kie, J.G.1
Ager, A.A.2
Bowyer, R.T.3
-
101
-
-
0001735520
-
Sexual segregation in white-tailed deer: Density-dependent changes in use of space, habitat selection, and dietary niche
-
_, and R. T. Bowyer. 1999. Sexual segregation in white-tailed deer: density-dependent changes in use of space, habitat selection, and dietary niche. Journal of Mammalogy 80:1004-1020.
-
(1999)
Journal of Mammalogy
, vol.80
, pp. 1004-1020
-
-
Kie, J.G.1
Ager, A.A.2
Bowyer, R.T.3
Bowyer, R.T.4
-
102
-
-
0346427018
-
Ungulates in western forests: Habitat requirements, population dynamics, and ecosystem processes
-
C. J. Zabel and R. G. Anthony, editors, North America. Cambridge University, New York, New York, USA
-
_, and K. M. Stewart. 2003. Ungulates in western forests: habitat requirements, population dynamics, and ecosystem processes. Pages 296-340 in C. J. Zabel and R. G. Anthony, editors. Mammal community dynamics: management and conservation in the coniferous forests of western North America. Cambridge University, New York, New York, USA.
-
(2003)
Mammal community dynamics: Management and conservation in the coniferous forests of western
, pp. 296-340
-
-
Kie, J.G.1
Ager, A.A.2
Bowyer, R.T.3
Bowyer, R.T.4
Stewart, K.M.5
-
103
-
-
0000085554
-
Population dynamics of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on the Welder Wildlife Refuge
-
_, and M. White. 1985. Population dynamics of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on the Welder Wildlife Refuge, Texas. Southwestern Naturalist 30:105-118.
-
(1985)
Texas. Southwestern Naturalist
, vol.30
, pp. 105-118
-
-
Kie, J.G.1
Ager, A.A.2
Bowyer, R.T.3
Bowyer, R.T.4
Stewart, K.M.5
White, M.6
-
104
-
-
0021056118
-
Condition parameters of white-tailed deer in Texas
-
_, and D. L. Drawe. 1983. Condition parameters of white-tailed deer in Texas. Journal of Wildlife Management 47:583-594.
-
(1983)
Journal of Wildlife Management
, vol.47
, pp. 583-594
-
-
Kie, J.G.1
Ager, A.A.2
Bowyer, R.T.3
Bowyer, R.T.4
Stewart, K.M.5
White, M.6
Drawe, D.L.7
-
105
-
-
0030765897
-
Moose herbivory and carbon turnover of early successional stands in interior Alaska
-
Kielland, K., J. P. Bryant, and R. W. Ruess. 1997. Moose herbivory and carbon turnover of early successional stands in interior Alaska. Oikos 80:25-30.
-
(1997)
Oikos
, vol.80
, pp. 25-30
-
-
Kielland, K.1
Bryant, J.P.2
Ruess, R.W.3
-
106
-
-
0001698452
-
The introduction, increase, and crash of reindeer on St. Matthew Island
-
Klein, D. R. 1968. The introduction, increase, and crash of reindeer on St. Matthew Island. Journal of Wildlife Management 32:350-367.
-
(1968)
Journal of Wildlife Management
, vol.32
, pp. 350-367
-
-
Klein, D.R.1
-
107
-
-
0023499307
-
The leaf and shoot demography of grazed and ungrazed plants of Carex subspathacea
-
Kotanen, P., and R. L. Jefferies. 1987. The leaf and shoot demography of grazed and ungrazed plants of Carex subspathacea. Journal of Ecology 75:961-975.
-
(1987)
Journal of Ecology
, vol.75
, pp. 961-975
-
-
Kotanen, P.1
Jefferies, R.L.2
-
108
-
-
0003456793
-
-
Second edition. Addison Wesley Longman, Menlo Park, California, USA
-
Krebs, C. J. 1999. Ecological methodology. Second edition. Addison Wesley Longman, Menlo Park, California, USA.
-
(1999)
Ecological methodology
-
-
Krebs, C.J.1
-
109
-
-
0036113122
-
Climate change and caribou: Effects of summer weather on forage
-
Lenart, E. A., R. T. Bowyer, J. Ver Hoef, and R. W. Ruess. 2002. Climate change and caribou: effects of summer weather on forage. Canadian Journal of Zoology 80:664-687.
-
(2002)
Canadian Journal of Zoology
, vol.80
, pp. 664-687
-
-
Lenart, E.A.1
Bowyer, R.T.2
Ver Hoef, J.3
Ruess, R.W.4
-
111
-
-
0347530377
-
Grass response to clipping in an African savanna: Testing the grazing optimization hypothesis
-
Leriche, H., X. Le Roux, F. Desnoyers, D. Benest, G. Simioni, and L. Abbadie. 2003. Grass response to clipping in an African savanna: testing the grazing optimization hypothesis. Ecological Applications 13:1346-1354.
-
(2003)
Ecological Applications
, vol.13
, pp. 1346-1354
-
-
Leriche, H.1
Le Roux, X.2
Desnoyers, F.3
Benest, D.4
Simioni, G.5
Abbadie, L.6
-
112
-
-
0024879047
-
The continuum of plant responses to herbivory: The influence of plant association, nutrient availability, and timing
-
Maschinski, J., and T. G. Whitham. 1989. The continuum of plant responses to herbivory: the influence of plant association, nutrient availability, and timing. American Naturalist 134:1-19.
-
(1989)
American Naturalist
, vol.134
, pp. 1-19
-
-
Maschinski, J.1
Whitham, T.G.2
-
114
-
-
0002759633
-
Irruptive populations of ungulates
-
W. J. McShea, H. B. Underwood, and J. H. Rappole, editors, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C, USA
-
_. 1997. Irruptive populations of ungulates. Pages 69-98 in W. J. McShea, H. B. Underwood,, and J. H. Rappole, editors. The science of overabundance: deer ecology and management. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., USA.
-
(1997)
The science of overabundance: Deer ecology and management
, pp. 69-98
-
-
McCullough, D.R.1
-
115
-
-
0001048827
-
Density dependence and life-history strategies of ungulates
-
_. 1999. Density dependence and life-history strategies of ungulates. Journal of Mammalogy 80:1130-1146.
-
(1999)
Journal of Mammalogy
, vol.80
, pp. 1130-1146
-
-
McCullough, D.R.1
-
116
-
-
0027044174
-
Effects of moose browsing on vegetation and litter of the boreal forest, Isle Royale, Michigan, USA
-
McInnes, P. F., R. J. Naiman, J. Pastor, and Y. Cohen. 1992. Effects of moose browsing on vegetation and litter of the boreal forest, Isle Royale, Michigan, USA. Ecology 73:2059-2075.
-
(1992)
Ecology
, vol.73
, pp. 2059-2075
-
-
McInnes, P.F.1
Naiman, R.J.2
Pastor, J.3
Cohen, Y.4
-
117
-
-
0000533876
-
Grazing as an optimization process: Grass-ungulate relationships in the Serengeti
-
McNaughton, S. J. 1979. Grazing as an optimization process: grass-ungulate relationships in the Serengeti. American Naturalist 113:691-703.
-
(1979)
American Naturalist
, vol.113
, pp. 691-703
-
-
McNaughton, S.J.1
-
118
-
-
0021090115
-
Compensatory plant growth as a response to herbivory
-
_. 1983. Compensatory plant growth as a response to herbivory. Oikos 40:329-336.
-
(1983)
Oikos
, vol.40
, pp. 329-336
-
-
McNaughton, S.J.1
-
119
-
-
0001578138
-
Ecology of a grazing ecosystem: The Serengeti. 1985
-
_. 1985. Ecology of a grazing ecosystem: the Serengeti. 1985. Ecological Monographs 55:259-294.
-
(1985)
Ecological Monographs
, vol.55
, pp. 259-294
-
-
McNaughton, S.J.1
-
120
-
-
0000246305
-
How can net primary productivity be measured in grazing ecosystems?
-
_, S. J. Milchunas, and D. A. Frank. 1996. How can net primary productivity be measured in grazing ecosystems? Ecology 77:974-977.
-
(1996)
Ecology
, vol.77
, pp. 974-977
-
-
McNaughton, S.J.1
Milchunas, S.J.2
Frank, D.A.3
-
121
-
-
20444399904
-
Indirect effects of deer herbivory on local nitrogen availability in a coastal dune ecosystem
-
McNeil, S. G., and J. H. Cushman. 2005. Indirect effects of deer herbivory on local nitrogen availability in a coastal dune ecosystem. Oikos 110:124-132.
-
(2005)
Oikos
, vol.110
, pp. 124-132
-
-
McNeil, S.G.1
Cushman, J.H.2
-
122
-
-
33646253329
-
Forest ecosystems without carnivores: When ungulates rule the world
-
J. C. Ray, K. H. Redford, R. S. Steneck, and J. Berger, editors, Island, Covelo, California, USA
-
McShea, W. J. 2005. Forest ecosystems without carnivores: when ungulates rule the world. Pages 138-153 in J. C. Ray, K. H. Redford, R. S. Steneck, and J. Berger, editors. Large carnivores and biodiversity conservation. Island, Covelo, California, USA.
-
(2005)
Large carnivores and biodiversity conservation
, pp. 138-153
-
-
McShea, W.J.1
-
123
-
-
0033861632
-
Managing the abundance and diversity of breeding bird populations through manipulations of deer populations
-
_, and J. H. Rappole. 2000. Managing the abundance and diversity of breeding bird populations through manipulations of deer populations. Conservation Biology 14:1161-1170.
-
(2000)
Conservation Biology
, vol.14
, pp. 1161-1170
-
-
McShea, W.J.1
Rappole, J.H.2
-
124
-
-
10344222175
-
Effects of seasonal grazing on plant species diversity and vegetation structure in a semi-arid ecosystem
-
Metzger, K. L., M. B. Coughenour, R. M. Reich, and R. B. Boone. 2005. Effects of seasonal grazing on plant species diversity and vegetation structure in a semi-arid ecosystem. Journal of Arid Environments 61:147-160.
-
(2005)
Journal of Arid Environments
, vol.61
, pp. 147-160
-
-
Metzger, K.L.1
Coughenour, M.B.2
Reich, R.M.3
Boone, R.B.4
-
125
-
-
0027332466
-
Quantitative effects of grazing on vegetation and soils over a global range of environments
-
Milchunas, D. G., and W. K. Lauenroth. 1993. Quantitative effects of grazing on vegetation and soils over a global range of environments. Ecological Monographs 63:327-366.
-
(1993)
Ecological Monographs
, vol.63
, pp. 327-366
-
-
Milchunas, D.G.1
Lauenroth, W.K.2
-
126
-
-
0000791227
-
Quantifying herbivory: Grazing consumption and interaction strength
-
Mitchell, S. F., and R. T. Wass. 1996. Quantifying herbivory: grazing consumption and interaction strength. Oikos 76:573-576.
-
(1996)
Oikos
, vol.76
, pp. 573-576
-
-
Mitchell, S.F.1
Wass, R.T.2
-
127
-
-
1842679188
-
Indirect effects of herbivory by deer reduce abundance and species richness of web spiders
-
Miyashita, T., M. Takada, and A. Shimazaki. 2004. Indirect effects of herbivory by deer reduce abundance and species richness of web spiders. Écoscience 11:74-79.
-
(2004)
Écoscience
, vol.11
, pp. 74-79
-
-
Miyashita, T.1
Takada, M.2
Shimazaki, A.3
-
128
-
-
0028161893
-
Costs and benefits of group living in a recently social ungulate: The Alaskan moose
-
Molvar, E. M., and R. T. Bowyer. 1994. Costs and benefits of group living in a recently social ungulate: the Alaskan moose. Journal of Mammalogy 75:621-630.
-
(1994)
Journal of Mammalogy
, vol.75
, pp. 621-630
-
-
Molvar, E.M.1
Bowyer, R.T.2
-
129
-
-
0027811284
-
Moose herbivory, browse quality, and nutrient cycling in an Alaskan treeline community
-
_, and V. Van Ballenberghe. 1993. Moose herbivory, browse quality, and nutrient cycling in an Alaskan treeline community. Oecologia 94:472-479.
-
(1993)
Oecologia
, vol.94
, pp. 472-479
-
-
Molvar, E.M.1
Bowyer, R.T.2
Van Ballenberghe, V.3
-
130
-
-
0001020041
-
Measuring of interspecific association and similarity between communities. Memoirs of the Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University
-
Morisita, M. 1959. Measuring of interspecific association and similarity between communities. Memoirs of the Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Series E (Biology) 3:65-80.
-
(1959)
Series E (Biology)
, vol.3
, pp. 65-80
-
-
Morisita, M.1
-
131
-
-
0031693222
-
Effects of herbivory on arrowgrass: Interactions between geese, neighboring plants, and abiotic factors
-
Mulder, C. P. H., and R. W. Ruess. 1998. Effects of herbivory on arrowgrass: interactions between geese, neighboring plants, and abiotic factors. Ecological Monographs 62:275-293.
-
(1998)
Ecological Monographs
, vol.62
, pp. 275-293
-
-
Mulder, C.P.H.1
Ruess, R.W.2
-
132
-
-
33745850417
-
The concept of overgrazing and its role in management of large herbivores
-
Mysterud, A. 2006. The concept of overgrazing and its role in management of large herbivores. Wildlife Biology 12:129-141.
-
(2006)
Wildlife Biology
, vol.12
, pp. 129-141
-
-
Mysterud, A.1
-
133
-
-
23944465490
-
The short-term effect of sheep grazing on selected invertebrates (Diptera and Hemiptera) relative to other environmental factors in an alpine ecosystem
-
_, L. O. Hansen, C. Peters, and G. Austrheim. 2005. The short-term effect of sheep grazing on selected invertebrates (Diptera and Hemiptera) relative to other environmental factors in an alpine ecosystem. Journal of Zoology London 266:411-418.
-
(2005)
Journal of Zoology London
, vol.266
, pp. 411-418
-
-
Mysterud, A.1
Hansen, L.O.2
Peters, C.3
Austrheim, G.4
-
134
-
-
0031544685
-
Habitat selection and survival of mule deer: Tradeoffs associated with migration
-
Nicholson, M. C., R. T. Bowyer, and J. G. Kie. 1997. Habitat selection and survival of mule deer: tradeoffs associated with migration. Journal of Mammalogy 78:483-504.
-
(1997)
Journal of Mammalogy
, vol.78
, pp. 483-504
-
-
Nicholson, M.C.1
Bowyer, R.T.2
Kie, J.G.3
-
135
-
-
33645531539
-
Forage selection by mule deer: Does niche breadth increase with population density?
-
_, and _. 2006. Forage selection by mule deer: does niche breadth increase with population density? Journal of Zoology London 269:39-49.
-
(2006)
Journal of Zoology London
, vol.269
, pp. 39-49
-
-
Nicholson, M.C.1
Bowyer, R.T.2
Kie, J.G.3
-
136
-
-
0032124827
-
Effects of herbivores on grassland plant diversity
-
Olff, H., and M. E. Ritchie. 1998. Effects of herbivores on grassland plant diversity. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 13:261-265.
-
(1998)
Trends in Ecology and Evolution
, vol.13
, pp. 261-265
-
-
Olff, H.1
Ritchie, M.E.2
-
137
-
-
1942489155
-
Reindeer influence on ecosystem processes in the tundra
-
Olofsson, J., S. Stark, and L. Oksanen. 2004. Reindeer influence on ecosystem processes in the tundra. Oikos 105:386-396.
-
(2004)
Oikos
, vol.105
, pp. 386-396
-
-
Olofsson, J.1
Stark, S.2
Oksanen, L.3
-
138
-
-
0002368882
-
Effects of trampling disturbance on watershed conditions, runoff, and erosion
-
Packer, P. E. 1953. Effects of trampling disturbance on watershed conditions, runoff, and erosion. Journal of Forestry 51:28-31.
-
(1953)
Journal of Forestry
, vol.51
, pp. 28-31
-
-
Packer, P.E.1
-
139
-
-
0345364327
-
Soil stability requirements for the Gallatin elk winter range
-
_. 1963. Soil stability requirements for the Gallatin elk winter range. Journal of Wildlife Management 27:401-410.
-
(1963)
Journal of Wildlife Management
, vol.27
, pp. 401-410
-
-
Packer, P.E.1
-
140
-
-
84937644697
-
Application of herbivore optimization theory to rangelands of the western United States
-
Painter, E. L., and A. J. Belsky. 1993. Application of herbivore optimization theory to rangelands of the western United States. Ecological Applications 3:2-9.
-
(1993)
Ecological Applications
, vol.3
, pp. 2-9
-
-
Painter, E.L.1
Belsky, A.J.2
-
141
-
-
0030758509
-
Herbivores, the functional diversity of plant species, and the cycling of nutrients in ecosystems
-
Pastor, J., and Y. Cohen. 1997. Herbivores, the functional diversity of plant species, and the cycling of nutrients in ecosystems. Theoretical Population Biology 51:165-179.
-
(1997)
Theoretical Population Biology
, vol.51
, pp. 165-179
-
-
Pastor, J.1
Cohen, Y.2
-
142
-
-
0027386543
-
Moose browsing and soil fertility of Isle Royale National Park
-
_, B. Dewey, R. J. Naiman, P. F. McInnes, and Y. Cohen. 1993. Moose browsing and soil fertility of Isle Royale National Park. Ecology 74:467-480.
-
(1993)
Ecology
, vol.74
, pp. 467-480
-
-
Pastor, J.1
Cohen, Y.2
Dewey, B.3
Naiman, R.J.4
McInnes, P.F.5
Cohen, Y.6
-
143
-
-
0026540204
-
Selective foraging and ecosystem processes in boreal forests
-
_, and R. J. Naiman. 1992. Selective foraging and ecosystem processes in boreal forests. American Naturalist 139:690-705.
-
(1992)
American Naturalist
, vol.139
, pp. 690-705
-
-
Pastor, J.1
Cohen, Y.2
Dewey, B.3
Naiman, R.J.4
McInnes, P.F.5
Cohen, Y.6
Naiman, R.J.7
-
144
-
-
0002952229
-
-
G. P. Robertson, D. C. Coleman, C. S. Bledsoe, and P. Sollins, editors. Standard soil methods for long-term ecological research. Oxford University, New York, New York, USA
-
Paul, E. A., D. Harris, M. J. Klug, and R. W. Ruess. 1999. The determination of microbial biomass. Pages 291-317 in G. P. Robertson, D. C. Coleman, C. S. Bledsoe, and P. Sollins, editors. Standard soil methods for long-term ecological research. Oxford University, New York, New York, USA.
-
(1999)
The determination of microbial biomass
, pp. 291-317
-
-
Paul, E.A.1
Harris, D.2
Klug, M.J.3
Ruess, R.W.4
-
145
-
-
0011671289
-
Differential distribution of elk by sex and age on the Gallatin winter range, Montana
-
Peek, J. M., and A. L. Lovaas. 1968. Differential distribution of elk by sex and age on the Gallatin winter range, Montana. Journal of Wildlife Management 32:553-557.
-
(1968)
Journal of Wildlife Management
, vol.32
, pp. 553-557
-
-
Peek, J.M.1
Lovaas, A.L.2
-
146
-
-
0036032999
-
Long-term changes in willow spatial distribution on the elk winter range of Rocky Mountain National Park (USA)
-
Peinetti, H. R., M. A. Kalkhan, and M. B. Coughenour. 2002. Long-term changes in willow spatial distribution on the elk winter range of Rocky Mountain National Park (USA). Landscape Ecology 17:341-354.
-
(2002)
Landscape Ecology
, vol.17
, pp. 341-354
-
-
Peinetti, H.R.1
Kalkhan, M.A.2
Coughenour, M.B.3
-
147
-
-
0035031609
-
Changes induced by elk browsing in the aboveground biomass production and distribution of willow (Salix monticola Bebb): Their relationships with plant water, carbon, and nitrogen dynamics
-
_, R. S. C. Menezes, and M. B. Coughenour. 2001. Changes induced by elk browsing in the aboveground biomass production and distribution of willow (Salix monticola Bebb): their relationships with plant water, carbon, and nitrogen dynamics. Oecologia 127:334-342.
-
(2001)
Oecologia
, vol.127
, pp. 334-342
-
-
Peinetti, H.R.1
Kalkhan, M.A.2
Coughenour, M.B.3
Menezes, R.S.C.4
Coughenour, M.B.5
-
148
-
-
0031835099
-
Forage variation in brood-rearing areas used by Pacific black brant geese on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska
-
Person, B. T., C. A. Babcock, and R. W. Ruess. 1998. Forage variation in brood-rearing areas used by Pacific black brant geese on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska. Journal of Ecology 86:243-259.
-
(1998)
Journal of Ecology
, vol.86
, pp. 243-259
-
-
Person, B.T.1
Babcock, C.A.2
Ruess, R.W.3
-
149
-
-
0038243089
-
Feedback dynamics of grazing lawns: Coupling vegetation change with animal growth
-
_, M. P. Herzog, R. W. Ruess, J. S. Sedinger, R. M. Anthony, and C. A. Babcock. 2003. Feedback dynamics of grazing lawns: coupling vegetation change with animal growth. Oecologia 135:583-592.
-
(2003)
Oecologia
, vol.135
, pp. 583-592
-
-
Person, B.T.1
Babcock, C.A.2
Ruess, R.W.3
Herzog, M.P.4
Ruess, R.W.5
Sedinger, J.S.6
Anthony, R.M.7
Babcock, C.A.8
-
150
-
-
0033949167
-
Social organization of mountain lions: Does a land-tenure system regulate population size?
-
Pierce, B. M., V. C. Bleich, and R. T. Bowyer. 2000. Social organization of mountain lions: does a land-tenure system regulate population size? Ecology 81:1533-1543.
-
(2000)
Ecology
, vol.81
, pp. 1533-1543
-
-
Pierce, B.M.1
Bleich, V.C.2
Bowyer, R.T.3
-
151
-
-
0029739598
-
Relationships between graminoid growth form and levels of grazing by caribou (Rangifer tarandus) in Alaska
-
Post, E. S., and D. R. Klein. 1996. Relationships between graminoid growth form and levels of grazing by caribou (Rangifer tarandus) in Alaska. Oecologia 107:364-372.
-
(1996)
Oecologia
, vol.107
, pp. 364-372
-
-
Post, E.S.1
Klein, D.R.2
-
152
-
-
7944237991
-
Modeling animal movements using stochastic differential equations
-
Preisler, H. K., A. A. Ager, B. K. Johnson, and J. G. Kie. 2004. Modeling animal movements using stochastic differential equations. Environmetrics 15:643-657.
-
(2004)
Environmetrics
, vol.15
, pp. 643-657
-
-
Preisler, H.K.1
Ager, A.A.2
Johnson, B.K.3
Kie, J.G.4
-
153
-
-
0024483468
-
Vegetational and faunal changes in an area of heavily grazed woodland following relief from grazing
-
Putman, R. L., P. J. Edwards, J. C. E. Mann, R. C. How, and S. D. Hill. 1989. Vegetational and faunal changes in an area of heavily grazed woodland following relief from grazing. Biological Conservation 47:13-32.
-
(1989)
Biological Conservation
, vol.47
, pp. 13-32
-
-
Putman, R.L.1
Edwards, P.J.2
Mann, J.C.E.3
How, R.C.4
Hill, S.D.5
-
154
-
-
0032864919
-
Effect of vertebrate grazing on plant and insect community structure
-
Rambo, J. L., and S. H. Faeth. 1999. Effect of vertebrate grazing on plant and insect community structure. Conservation Biology 13:1047-1054.
-
(1999)
Conservation Biology
, vol.13
, pp. 1047-1054
-
-
Rambo, J.L.1
Faeth, S.H.2
-
155
-
-
12244253351
-
Life-history variation in wild reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) in the highly productive North Ottadalen region, Norway
-
Reimers, E., N. Holmengen, and A. Mysterud. 2005. Life-history variation in wild reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) in the highly productive North Ottadalen region, Norway. Journal of Zoology London 265:53-62.
-
(2005)
Journal of Zoology London
, vol.265
, pp. 53-62
-
-
Reimers, E.1
Holmengen, N.2
Mysterud, A.3
-
156
-
-
0003634825
-
-
U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Research Paper PNW-RP-527, Portland, Oregon, USA
-
Riggs, R. A., A. R. Tiedemann, J. G. Cook, T. M. Ballard, P. J. Edgerton, M. Varva, W. C. Krueger, F. C. Hall, L. D. Bryant, L. L. Irwin, and T. Delcurto. 2000. Modification of mixed-conifer forests by ruminant herbivores in the Blue Mountains Ecological Province. U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Research Paper PNW-RP-527, Portland, Oregon, USA.
-
(2000)
Modification of mixed-conifer forests by ruminant herbivores in the Blue Mountains Ecological Province
-
-
Riggs, R.A.1
Tiedemann, A.R.2
Cook, J.G.3
Ballard, T.M.4
Edgerton, P.J.5
Varva, M.6
Krueger, W.C.7
Hall, F.C.8
Bryant, L.D.9
Irwin, L.L.10
Delcurto, T.11
-
157
-
-
0023480107
-
The influence of moose on the composition and structure of Isle Royale forests
-
Risenhoover, K. L., and S. A. Maass. 1987. The influence of moose on the composition and structure of Isle Royale forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17:121-126.
-
(1987)
Canadian Journal of Forest Research
, vol.17
, pp. 121-126
-
-
Risenhoover, K.L.1
Maass, S.A.2
-
158
-
-
0031657264
-
Herbivore effects on plant and nitrogen dynamics in oak savanna
-
Ritchie, M. E., D. Tilman, and J. M. H. Knops. 1998. Herbivore effects on plant and nitrogen dynamics in oak savanna. Ecology 79:165-177.
-
(1998)
Ecology
, vol.79
, pp. 165-177
-
-
Ritchie, M.E.1
Tilman, D.2
Knops, J.M.H.3
-
159
-
-
0004183053
-
-
Second edition. Academic, San Diego, California, USA
-
Robbins, C. T. 1993. Wildlife feeding and nutrition. Second edition. Academic, San Diego, California, USA.
-
(1993)
Wildlife feeding and nutrition
-
-
Robbins, C.T.1
-
160
-
-
0001758070
-
-
G. P. Robertson, D. C. Coleman, C. S. Bledsoe, and P. Sollins, editors. Standard soil methods tor long-term ecological research. Oxford University, New York, New York, USA
-
Robertson, G. P., D. Wedin, P. M. Groffman, J. M. Blair, E. A. Holland, K. J. Nadelhoffer, and D. Harris. 1999. Soil carbon and nitrogen availability nitrogen mineralization, nitrification and soil respiration potentials. Pages 258-271 in G. P. Robertson, D. C. Coleman, C. S. Bledsoe, and P. Sollins, editors. Standard soil methods tor long-term ecological research. Oxford University, New York, New York, USA.
-
(1999)
Soil carbon and nitrogen availability nitrogen mineralization, nitrification and soil respiration potentials
, pp. 258-271
-
-
Robertson, G.P.1
Wedin, D.2
Groffman, P.M.3
Blair, J.M.4
Holland, E.A.5
Nadelhoffer, K.J.6
Harris, D.7
-
161
-
-
0003749485
-
The Starkey project: History, facilities, and data collection methods for ungulate research. U.S
-
PNW-GTR-396:1-62
-
Rowland, M. M., L. D. Bryant, B. K. Johnson, J. H. Noyes, M. J. Wisdom, and J. W. Thomas. 1997. The Starkey project: history, facilities, and data collection methods for ungulate research. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Technical Report PNW-GTR-396:1-62.
-
(1997)
Department of Agriculture Forest Service Technical Report
-
-
Rowland, M.M.1
Bryant, L.D.2
Johnson, B.K.3
Noyes, J.H.4
Wisdom, M.J.5
Thomas, J.W.6
-
162
-
-
0032459794
-
The Starkey habitat database for ungulate research: Construction, documentation, and use. U.S
-
PNW-GTR-430:1-48
-
_, P. K. Coe, R. J. Stussy, A. A. Ager, N. J. Cimon, B. K. Johnson, and M. J. Wisdom. 1998. The Starkey habitat database for ungulate research: construction, documentation, and use. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Technical Report PNW-GTR-430:1-48.
-
(1998)
Department of Agriculture Forest Service Technical Report
-
-
Rowland, M.M.1
Bryant, L.D.2
Johnson, B.K.3
Noyes, J.H.4
Wisdom, M.J.5
Thomas, J.W.6
Coe, P.K.7
Stussy, R.J.8
Ager, A.A.9
Cimon, N.J.10
Johnson, B.K.11
Wisdom, M.J.12
-
163
-
-
0032420969
-
Regulation of fine root dynamics by mammalian browsers in early successional Alaskan taiga forests
-
Ruess, R. W., R. L. Hendrick, and J. P. Bryant. 1998. Regulation of fine root dynamics by mammalian browsers in early successional Alaskan taiga forests. Ecology 79:2706-2720.
-
(1998)
Ecology
, vol.79
, pp. 2706-2720
-
-
Ruess, R.W.1
Hendrick, R.L.2
Bryant, J.P.3
-
166
-
-
12144257470
-
Effects of elk herbivory on vegetation and nitrogen processes
-
Schoenecker, K. A., F. J. Singer, L. C. Zeigenfuss, D. Binkley, and R. S. C. Menezes. 2004. Effects of elk herbivory on vegetation and nitrogen processes. Journal of Wildlife Management 68:837-849.
-
(2004)
Journal of Wildlife Management
, vol.68
, pp. 837-849
-
-
Schoenecker, K.A.1
Singer, F.J.2
Zeigenfuss, L.C.3
Binkley, D.4
Menezes, R.S.C.5
-
167
-
-
0029666853
-
Understory patch dynamics and ungulate herbivory in old-growth forests of Olympic National Park, Washington
-
Schreiner, E. G., K. A. Krueger, P. J. Happe, and D. B. Houston. 1996. Understory patch dynamics and ungulate herbivory in old-growth forests of Olympic National Park, Washington. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 26:255-265.
-
(1996)
Canadian Journal of Forest Research
, vol.26
, pp. 255-265
-
-
Schreiner, E.G.1
Krueger, K.A.2
Happe, P.J.3
Houston, D.B.4
-
168
-
-
0026540019
-
Simulated effects of grazing on soil nitrogen and mineralization in contrasting Serengeti grasslands
-
Seagle, S. W., S. J. McNaughton, and R. W. Ruess. 1992. Simulated effects of grazing on soil nitrogen and mineralization in contrasting Serengeti grasslands. Ecology 73:1105-1123.
-
(1992)
Ecology
, vol.73
, pp. 1105-1123
-
-
Seagle, S.W.1
McNaughton, S.J.2
Ruess, R.W.3
-
169
-
-
0030617626
-
Density dependence, compensation, and environmental effects on elk calf mortality in Yellowstone National Park
-
Singer, F. J., A. Harting, K. K. Symonds, and M. B. Coughenour. 1997. Density dependence, compensation, and environmental effects on elk calf mortality in Yellowstone National Park. Journal of Wildlife Management 61:12-25.
-
(1997)
Journal of Wildlife Management
, vol.61
, pp. 12-25
-
-
Singer, F.J.1
Harting, A.2
Symonds, K.K.3
Coughenour, M.B.4
-
171
-
-
0022242371
-
The effects of density-dependent resource limitations on the demography of wild reindeer
-
Skogland, T. 1985. The effects of density-dependent resource limitations on the demography of wild reindeer. Journal of Animal Ecology 54:359-374.
-
(1985)
Journal of Animal Ecology
, vol.54
, pp. 359-374
-
-
Skogland, T.1
-
172
-
-
0003451917
-
Fifty years of research progress: A historical document on the Starkey Experimental Forest and Range. U.S
-
PNW-GTR-266:1-58
-
Skovlin, J. M. 1991. Fifty years of research progress: a historical document on the Starkey Experimental Forest and Range. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Technical Report PNW-GTR-266:1-58.
-
(1991)
Department of Agriculture Forest Service Technical Report
-
-
Skovlin, J.M.1
-
173
-
-
0003980906
-
-
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Ecology Research Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
-
Slauson, W. L., B. S. Cade, and J. D. Richards. 1991. User manual for BLOSSOM statistical software. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Ecology Research Center, Denver, Colorado, USA.
-
(1991)
User manual for BLOSSOM statistical software
-
-
Slauson, W.L.1
Cade, B.S.2
Richards, J.D.3
-
174
-
-
1842509233
-
Sexual segregation in moose Alces alces: An experimental manipulation of foraging behaviour
-
Spaeth, D. F., R. T. Bowyer, T. R. Stephenson, and P. S. Barboza. 2004. Sexual segregation in moose Alces alces: an experimental manipulation of foraging behaviour. Wildlife Biology 10:59-72.
-
(2004)
Wildlife Biology
, vol.10
, pp. 59-72
-
-
Spaeth, D.F.1
Bowyer, R.T.2
Stephenson, T.R.3
Barboza, P.S.4
-
175
-
-
33846873998
-
-
Dissertation, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, USA
-
Stewart, K. M. 2004. Life history patterns of North American elk: effects of population density on resource partitioning, reproduction and plant productivity. Dissertation, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, USA.
-
(2004)
Life history patterns of North American elk: Effects of population density on resource partitioning, reproduction and plant productivity
-
-
Stewart, K.M.1
-
176
-
-
15244348161
-
Density-dependent effects on physical condition and reproduction in North American elk: An experimental test
-
_, R. T. Bowyer, B. L. Dick, B. K. Johnson, and J. G. Kie. 2005. Density-dependent effects on physical condition and reproduction in North American elk: an experimental test. Oecologia 143:85-93.
-
(2005)
Oecologia
, vol.143
, pp. 85-93
-
-
Stewart, K.M.1
Bowyer, R.T.2
Dick, B.L.3
Johnson, B.K.4
Kie, J.G.5
-
177
-
-
0036189041
-
Temporospatial distributions of elk, mule deer, and cattle: Resource partitioning and competitive displacement
-
_, J. G. Kie, N. J. Cimon, and B. K. Johnson. 2002. Temporospatial distributions of elk, mule deer, and cattle: resource partitioning and competitive displacement. Journal of Mammalogy 83:229-244.
-
(2002)
Journal of Mammalogy
, vol.83
, pp. 229-244
-
-
Stewart, K.M.1
Bowyer, R.T.2
Dick, B.L.3
Johnson, B.K.4
Kie, J.G.5
Kie, J.G.6
Cimon, N.J.7
Johnson, B.K.8
-
178
-
-
0346934922
-
Niche partitioning among mule deer, elk, and cattle: Do stable isotopes reflect dietary niche?
-
_, B. L. Dick, and M. Ben-David. 2003a. Niche partitioning among mule deer, elk, and cattle: do stable isotopes reflect dietary niche? Écoscience 10:297-302.
-
(2003)
Écoscience
, vol.10
, pp. 297-302
-
-
Stewart, K.M.1
Bowyer, R.T.2
Dick, B.L.3
Johnson, B.K.4
Kie, J.G.5
Kie, J.G.6
Cimon, N.J.7
Johnson, B.K.8
Dick, B.L.9
Ben-David, M.10
-
179
-
-
0033937405
-
White-tailed deer use of clearings relative to forage availability
-
_, T. E. Fulbright, and D. L. Drawe. 2000. White-tailed deer use of clearings relative to forage availability. Journal of Wildlife Management 64:733-741.
-
(2000)
Journal of Wildlife Management
, vol.64
, pp. 733-741
-
-
Stewart, K.M.1
Bowyer, R.T.2
Dick, B.L.3
Johnson, B.K.4
Kie, J.G.5
Kie, J.G.6
Cimon, N.J.7
Johnson, B.K.8
Dick, B.L.9
Ben-David, M.10
Fulbright, T.E.11
Drawe, D.L.12
-
180
-
-
1642465023
-
Sexual segregation in white-tailed deer: Responses to habitat manipulations
-
_, and R. T. Bowyer. 2003b. Sexual segregation in white-tailed deer: responses to habitat manipulations. Wildlife Society Bulletin 31:1210-1217.
-
(2003)
Wildlife Society Bulletin
, vol.31
, pp. 1210-1217
-
-
Stewart, K.M.1
Bowyer, R.T.2
Dick, B.L.3
Johnson, B.K.4
Kie, J.G.5
Kie, J.G.6
Cimon, N.J.7
Johnson, B.K.8
Dick, B.L.9
Ben-David, M.10
Fulbright, T.E.11
Drawe, D.L.12
Bowyer, R.T.13
-
181
-
-
0033044181
-
Moose, trees, and ground-living invertebrates: Indirect interactions in Swedish pine forests
-
Suominen, O., K. Dannell, and R. Bergstrom. 1999a. Moose, trees, and ground-living invertebrates: indirect interactions in Swedish pine forests. Oikos 84:215-226.
-
(1999)
Oikos
, vol.84
, pp. 215-226
-
-
Suominen, O.1
Dannell, K.2
Bergstrom, R.3
-
182
-
-
0033491410
-
Indirect effects of mammalian browsers on vegetation and ground-dwelling insects in an Alaskan floodplain
-
_, and J. P. Bryant. 1999b. Indirect effects of mammalian browsers on vegetation and ground-dwelling insects in an Alaskan floodplain. Écoscience 6:505-510.
-
(1999)
Écoscience
, vol.6
, pp. 505-510
-
-
Suominen, O.1
Dannell, K.2
Bergstrom, R.3
Bryant, J.P.4
-
183
-
-
0035976635
-
Ecological meltdown in predator-free forest fragments
-
Terborgh, J., L. Lopez, P. Nunez, M. Rao, G. Shahabuddin, G. Orhuela, M. Riveros, R. Ascanio, G. R. Adler, T. D. Lambert, and L. Balbas. 2001. Ecological meltdown in predator-free forest fragments. Science 294:1923-1926.
-
(2001)
Science
, vol.294
, pp. 1923-1926
-
-
Terborgh, J.1
Lopez, L.2
Nunez, P.3
Rao, M.4
Shahabuddin, G.5
Orhuela, G.6
Riveros, M.7
Ascanio, R.8
Adler, G.R.9
Lambert, T.D.10
Balbas, L.11
-
186
-
-
1342263657
-
Vertebrate herbviores and ecosystem control: Cascading effects of faeces on tundra ecosystems
-
van der Wal, R., R. D. Bardgett, K. A. Harrison, and A. Stien. 2004. Vertebrate herbviores and ecosystem control: cascading effects of faeces on tundra ecosystems. Ecography 27:242-252.
-
(2004)
Ecography
, vol.27
, pp. 242-252
-
-
van der Wal, R.1
Bardgett, R.D.2
Harrison, K.A.3
Stien, A.4
-
187
-
-
0042315069
-
Dispersal of Trillium seeds by deer: Implications for long-distance migration of forest herbs
-
Vellend, M., J. A. Myers, S. Gardescu, and P. L. Marks. 2003. Dispersal of Trillium seeds by deer: implications for long-distance migration of forest herbs. Ecology 84:1067-1072.
-
(2003)
Ecology
, vol.84
, pp. 1067-1072
-
-
Vellend, M.1
Myers, J.A.2
Gardescu, S.3
Marks, P.L.4
-
188
-
-
0004160230
-
-
University of California, Berkley, California, USA
-
Verts, B. J., and L. N. Carraway. 1998. Land mammals of Oregon. University of California, Berkley, California, USA.
-
(1998)
Land mammals of Oregon
-
-
Verts, B.J.1
Carraway, L.N.2
-
189
-
-
0026312019
-
Nitrogen limitation on land and in the sea: How can it occur?
-
Vitousek, P. M., and R. W. Howarth. 1991. Nitrogen limitation on land and in the sea: how can it occur? Biogeochemistry 13:87-115.
-
(1991)
Biogeochemistry
, vol.13
, pp. 87-115
-
-
Vitousek, P.M.1
Howarth, R.W.2
-
190
-
-
0034108682
-
Stability of ecosystem properties in response to above-ground functional group richness and composition
-
Wardle, D. A., K. I. Bonner, and G. M. Barker. 2000. Stability of ecosystem properties in response to above-ground functional group richness and composition. Oikos 89:11-23.
-
(2000)
Oikos
, vol.89
, pp. 11-23
-
-
Wardle, D.A.1
Bonner, K.I.2
Barker, G.M.3
-
191
-
-
0001210243
-
Sexual segregation and competition in Roosevelt elk
-
Weckerly, F. W. 1998. Sexual segregation and competition in Roosevelt elk. Northwestern Naturalist 79:113-118.
-
(1998)
Northwestern Naturalist
, vol.79
, pp. 113-118
-
-
Weckerly, F.W.1
-
192
-
-
0036623266
-
An ecosystem approach to population management of ungulates
-
Weisberg, P. J., N. T. Hobbs, J. E. Ellis, and M. B. Coughenour. 2002. An ecosystem approach to population management of ungulates. Journal of Environmental Management 65:181-197.
-
(2002)
Journal of Environmental Management
, vol.65
, pp. 181-197
-
-
Weisberg, P.J.1
Hobbs, N.T.2
Ellis, J.E.3
Coughenour, M.B.4
-
193
-
-
0028160028
-
Ungulate-forest relationships on the Olympic Peninsula: Retrospective exclosure studies
-
Woodward, A., E. G. Schreiner, D. B. Houston, and B. B. Moorhead. 1994. Ungulate-forest relationships on the Olympic Peninsula: retrospective exclosure studies. Northwest Science 68:97-110.
-
(1994)
Northwest Science
, vol.68
, pp. 97-110
-
-
Woodward, A.1
Schreiner, E.G.2
Houston, D.B.3
Moorhead, B.B.4
-
194
-
-
0004252445
-
-
Fourth edition. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, USA
-
Zar, J. H. 1999. Biostatistical Analysis. Fourth edition. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, USA.
-
(1999)
Biostatistical Analysis
-
-
Zar, J.H.1
-
195
-
-
0036638110
-
Influences of herbivory and water on willow in elk winter range
-
Zeigenfuss, L. C., F. J. Singer, S. A. Williams, and T. L. Johnson. 2002. Influences of herbivory and water on willow in elk winter range. Journal of Wildlife Management 66:788-795.
-
(2002)
Journal of Wildlife Management
, vol.66
, pp. 788-795
-
-
Zeigenfuss, L.C.1
Singer, F.J.2
Williams, S.A.3
Johnson, T.L.4
|