Long-term changes in willow spatial distribution on the elk winter range of Rocky Mountain National Park (USA)

Landscape Ecology

Volumn 17, Issue 4, 2002, Pages 341-354

  Peinetti, H Raul ^a   Kalkhan, Mohammed A ^a   Coughenour, Michael B ^a  

^a Veterinary Dentistry and Oral Surgery   (United States)

Author keywords

Beaver impoundments; Colorado; Elk browsing; Hydrology; Riparian areas; Rocky Mountains; Vegetation transitions; Willow

Indexed keywords

HERBIVORY; IMPOUNDMENT; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; LONG-TERM CHANGE; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; RIVER MANAGEMENT; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION;

UNITED STATES;

CASTOR FIBER; CASTORIDAE; CERVUS ELAPHUS; RIPARIA; SALIX;

EID: 0036032999     PISSN: 09212973     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1020530710891     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Alliende M.C. and Harper J.L. 1989. Demographic studies of a dioecious tree. I. Colonization, sex and age structure of a population of Salix cinerea. Journal of Ecology 77: 1029-1047.
2. 18O. Oecologia 120: 375-385.
3. Baker W.L., Monroe J.A. and Hessl A.E. 1997. The effects of the elk on aspen in the winter range in Rocky Mountain National Park. Ecography 20: 155-165.
4. Barnett D.T. and Singer F.J. 1999. Climate change on elk winter and summer ranges in Rocky Mountain National Park. Report to National Park Service, Rocky Mountain National Park.
5. Baron J. 1992. Surface water. In: Baron J. (ed.), Biogeochemistry of a Subalpine Ecosystem: Loch Vale Watershed. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, pp. 142-183.
6. Benedict J.B. 1992. Footprints in the snow: High-altitude cultural ecology of the Colorado Front Range. USA Arctic and Alpine Research 24: 1-16.
7. Benedict J.B. 1999. Effects of changing climate on game-animal and human use of the Colorado high country (USA) since 1000 BC. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 31: 1-15.
8. Bergstrom R. and Dannel K. 1987. Effects of simulated winter browsing by moose on morphology and biomass of two birch species. Journal of Ecology 57: 533-544.
9. Berry J., Decker D., Gordon J., Heitschmidt R., Huff D., Knight D. et al. 1997. Science-Based Assessment of Vegetation Management Goals for Elk Winter Range. Environment and Natural Resources Policy Institute, Colorado State University.
10. Bertness M.D. and Leonard G.H. 1997. The role of positive interactions in communities: Lessons from intertidal habitats. Ecology 78: 1990-2003.
11. Bond W.J. 1994. Keystone species. In: Schulze E.D. and Mooney H.A. (eds), Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 237-253.
12. Bradley C.E. and Smith D.G. 1986. Plains cottonwood recruitment and survival on a prairie meandering river floodplain, Milk River, southern Alberta and northern Montana. Canadian Journal of Botany 64: 1433-1442.
13. Buchholtz C.W. 1983. Rocky Mountain National Park: A History. Colorado Associated University Press, Boulder, CO, USA.
14. Chadde S.W. and Kay C.E. 1991. Tall willow communities on Yellowstone's northern range: A test of the "natural regulation" paradigm. In: Keiter R.R. and Boyce M.S. (eds), The Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem: Redefining American's Wilderness Heritage. Yale Univ. Press, New Haven, Conn, pp. 231-264.
15. Clemmer P. 1994. Riparian Area Management: The Use of Aerial Photography to Manage Riparian-Wetland Areas. Tech. Ref. 1737-10. US Department of the Interior. Bureau of Land Management, Denver, CO, USA.
16. Collins W.B. and Helm D.J. 1997. Moose, Alces alces, habitat relative to riparian succession in the boreal forest, Susitna river, Alaska. Canadian Field-Naturalist 111: 567-574.
17. Cottrell T.R. 1995. Willow colonization of rocky mountain mires. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 25: 215-222.
18. Décamps H., Fortune M., Gazelle F. and Patou G. 1988. Historical influence of man on the riparian dynamics of a fluvial landscape. Landscape Ecology 1: 163-173.
19. Erdas-Imagine 1998. Erdas Inc 2801 Buford Highway N.E. Erdas-Imagine, Atlanta 30329-2137, CA, USA, Suite 300.
20. ESRI 1994. Environment Systems Research Institute, Inc. ESRI, Redlands 92373, CA, USA.
21. Estes M. 1939. The memoirs of Estes Park. Library Bull. No. 6. Colorado State College Library, Fort Collins, CO, USA, Reprinted in: Colorado Magazine 16[4]: 121-132.
22. Fryxel F.M. 1928. The former range of the bison in the Rocky Mountains. Journal of Mammalogy 9: 129-139.
23. Gregory S.V., Swanson F.J., McKee W.A. and Cummins K.W. 1991. An ecosystem perspective of riparian zones. BioScience 41: 540-551.
24. Guse N.G. Jr 1966. Administrative History of an Elk Herd. MS thesis, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA.
25. Gysel L.W. 1960. An ecological study of the winter range of elk and mule deer in the Rocky Mountain National Park. Journal of Forestry 58: 696-704.
26. Hess K. 1993. Rocky Times in Rocky Mountain National Park. Universtiy Press of Colorado, Niwot, Colorado, USA.
27. Heywood V.H. 1995. Global Biodiversity Assessment. Cambridge University Press., Cambridge, UK.
28. Hickman S.D. 1964. A Beaver Census of Moraine Park, Rocky Mountain National Park. Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA (unpublished).
29. Hobbs N.T 1996. Modification of ecosystem by ungulates. Journal of Wildlife Management 60: 695-713.
30. Jarret R.D. and Costa J.E. 1993. Hydrology and Geomorphology of the 1982 Lawn Lake Dam Failure, Colorado. In: McCutchen H.E., Herrmann R. and Stevens D.R. (eds), Ecological Effects of the Lawn Lake Flood of 1982, Rocky Mountain National Park. Scientific Monograph NPS/NRROMO/NRSM-93/21, pp. 1-17.
31. Johnston C.A. and Naiman R.J. 1987. Boundary dynamics at the aquatic-terrestrial interface: The influence of beaver and geomorphology. Landscape Ecology 1: 47-57.
32. Johnston C.A. and Naiman R.J. 1990a. Aquatic patch creation in relation to beaver population trends. Ecology 71: 1617-1621.
33. Johnston C.A. and Naiman R.J. 1990b. Browse selection by beaver: Effects on riparian forest composition. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20: 1036-1043.
34. Johnston C.A. and Naiman R.J. 1990c. The use of geographic information system to analyze long-term landscape alteration by beaver. Landscape Ecology 4: 5-19.
35. Johnson L.B. and Gage S.H. 1997. Landscape approaches to the analysis of aquatic ecosystems. Freswater Biology 37: 113-132.
36. Kay C.E. 1990. Yellowstone's Northern Elk Herd: A Critical Evaluation of the "Natural Regulation Paradigm". PhD Dissertation, Utah State University, Logan.
37. Kay C.E. 1994a. The impact of native ungulates and beaver on riparian communities in the Intermountain West. Natural Resource and Environmental Issue 1: 23-44.
38. Kay C.E. 1994b. Aboriginal overkill: The role of Native Americans in structuring western ecosystems. Human Nature 5: 359-396.
39. Kay C.E. 1997. Viewpoint: Ungulate herbivory, willows, and political ecology in Yellowstone. Journal of Range Management 50: 139-145.
40. Kay C.E. and Chadde S.W. 1992. Reduction of willow seed production by ungulate browsing in Yellowstone National Park. In: Clary W.P., McArthur E.D., Bedunah D. and Wambolt C.L. (eds), Proceedings-Symposium on Ecology and Management of Riparian Shrub Communities. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-289. US Forest Serv., pp. 92-99.
41. Keigley R.B. 1993. Observations of plant ecology on the Lawn Lake flood alluvial fan. In: McCutchen E., Herrmann R. and Stevens D.R. (eds), Ecological Effects of the Lawn Lake Flood of 1982, Rocky Mountain National Park. Scientific Monograph NPS/NRROMO/NRSM-93/21, pp. 193-214.
42. Kiegley R.B. and Wagner F.H. 1998. What is natural? Yellowstone elk population, a case study. Integrative Biology 1: 133-148.
43. Kindschy R.R. 1989. Regrowth of willow following simulated beaver cutting. Wildlife Society Bulletin 17: 290-294.
44. Loring J.A. 1893. Field notes on a trip to Estes Park, Mary 28 to June 3, 1893. US Biological Survey, Typewritten.
45. Miller J.R., Schulz T.T., Hobbs N.T., Wilson K.R., Schrupp D.L. and Baker W.L. 1995. Changes in the landscape structure of a southeastern Wyoming riparian zone following shifts in stream dynamics. Biological Conservation 72: 371-379.
46. Mills E.A. 1913. Beaver World. Houghton Mifflin Co., Cambridge.
47. Naiman R.J. 1988. Animal influences on ecosystem dynamics. Bio-Science 38: 750-752.
48. Naiman R.J. and Melillo J.M. 1984. Nitrogen budget of a subarctic stream altered by beaver (Castor canadensis). Oecologia: 150-155.
49. Naiman R.J., Johnston C.A. and Kelley J.C. 1988. Alteration of North American streams by beaver. BioScience 38: 753-762.
50. Olmstead C.E. 1979. The ecology of aspen with reference to utilization by large herbivores in Rocky Mountain National Park. In: Boyce M.S. and Hayden-Wing L.: (eds), North American Elk. University of Wyoming Press, pp. 89-97.
51. Packard F.M. 1947a. A study of the deer and elk herds of Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado. Journal of Mammalogy 28: 4-12.
52. Packard F.M. 1947b. A survey of the beaver population of Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado. Journal of Mammalogy 28: 219-227.
53. Pastor J. and Naiman R.J. 1992. Selective foraging and ecosystem processes in boreal forests. American Naturalist 139: 690-705.
54. Patten D.T 1968. Dynamics of the shrub continuum along the Gallatin River in Yellowstone National Park. Ecology 49: 1107-1112.
55. Patten D.T. 1998. Riparian ecosystem of semi-arid North America: diversity and human impacts. Wetlands 18: 498-512.
56. Peinetti H.R., Menezes R.S.C. and Coughenour M.B. 2001. Changes induced by elk browsing in the aboveground biomass production and distribution of willow (Salix monticola Bebb): Their relationships with plant water, carbon and nitrogen dynamics. Oecologia 127: 334-342.
57. Ratcliff H.M. 1941. Winter range conditions in Rocky Mountain National Park. Trans. North American Wildlife Conf. 6: 132-139.
58. Raven J.A. 1992. The physiology of Salix. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 98B: 49-62.
59. Remillard M.M., Gruendling G.K. and Bogucki D.J. 1987. Disturbance by beaver (Castor canadiensis Kuhl) and increased landscape heterogeneity. In: Turner M.G. (ed.), Landscape Heterogeneity and Disturbance. Springer Verlag, New York, pp. 103-123.
60. Ripple W.J. and Larsen E.J. 2000. Historic aspen recruitment, elk, and wolves in northern Yellowstone National Park. USA Biological Conservation 95: 361-370.
61. Roth N.E., Allan J.D. and Erickson D.L. 1996. Landscape influences on stream biotic integrity assessed at multiple spatial scale. Landscape Ecology 11: 141-156.
62. Sage R. 1846. Scenes in the Rocky Mountains, and in Oregon, California, New Mexico, Texas, and the Grand Prairies; or, Notes by the Way, During an Excursion of Three Years, with a Description of the Countries Passed Through, Including their Geography, Geology, Resources, Present Condition, and the Different Nations Inhabiting Them. New Englander. Carey & Hart. Philadelphia.
63. Singer J.F., Lauryl C.M. and Cates R.C. 1994. Ungulate herbivory of willows on Yellowstone's northen winter range. Journal of Range Management 47: 435-443.
64. Singer F.J., Zeigenfuss L.C., Cates R.G. and Barnett D. 1998a. Elk, multiple factors, and persistence of willow in national parks. Wildlife Society Bulletin 26: 419-428.
65. Singer F.J., Swift D.M., Coughenour M.B. and Varley J.D. 1998b. Thunder on the Yellowstone revisited: An assessment of management of native ungulates by natural regulation, 1968-1993. Wildlife Society Bulletin 26: 375-390.
66. Sprague A.E. 1922. My First Winter in Estes Park. April 21, 1922. Estes Park Trail.
67. Sprague A.E. 1925. Game More Plentiful now than 50 Years Ago in Estes Park Region, June 5. 1925. Estes Park Trail.
68. Stevens D.R. 1980. The deer and elk of Rocky Mountain National Park: A 10-Year Study. ROMO-13. Report to National Park Service, Rocky Mountain National Park.
69. Stevens D.R. and Christianson S. 1980. Beaver Populations on East Slope of Rocky Mountain National Park. Special Report. US National Park Service. Rocky Mountain National Park.
70. Ustin S.L., Smith M.O. and Adams J.B. 1993. Remote sensing of ecological processes: A strategy for developing and testing ecological models using spectral mixture analysis. In: Ehleringer J.R. and Field C.B.: (eds), Scaling Physiological Processes: Leaf to Globe. Academic Press Inc, San Diego, pp. 339-358.
71. Wagner F., Foresta R., Gill R.B., McCullough D.R., Pelton M.R., Porter W.F. et al. 1995a. Wildlife Policies in the US National Parks. Island Press, Washington, DC, USA.
72. Wagner F.H., Keigley R.B. and Wambolt C.L. 1995b. Comment: Ungulate herbivory of willow on Yellowstone's northern winter range: Response to Singer et al. (1994). Journal of Range Management 48: 475-477.
73. Wootton J.T 1994. Predicting direct and indirect effects: An integrated using experiments and path analysis. Ecology 75: 151-165.