Herbivore effects on plant and nitrogen dynamics in oak savanna

Ecology

Volumn 79, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 165-177

  Ritchik, Mark E ^a   Tilman, David ^b   Knops, Johannes M H ^b  

^a UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

Author keywords

Herbivores; Legumes; Nitrogen; Plants; Positive feedback; Savanna

Indexed keywords

NITROGEN CYCLE; PLANT-HERBIVORE INTERACTION; SAVANNA;

MINNESOTA; UNITED STATES;

CERVIDAE; HEMIPTERA; HOMOPTERA; INSECTA; LATHYRUS; LATHYRUS VENOSUS; MAMMALIA; ODOCOILEUS VIRGINIANUS; ORTHOPTERA; QUERCUS;

EID: 0031657264     PISSN: 00129658     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[0165:heopan]2.0.co;2     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Bazely, D. R., and R. L. Jefferics. 1985. Goose faeces: a source of nitrogen for plant growth in a grazed salt marsh. Journal of Applied Ecology 22:693-703.
2. Bazely. D. R., and R. L. Jefferies. 1986. Changes in the composition and standing crop of salt-marsh communities in response to removal of a grazer. Journal of Ecology 74: 693-706.
3. Belovsky, G. E. 1986. Generalist herbivore foraging and its role in competitive interactions. American Zoologist 26: 51-69.
4. Belsky, A. J. 1986. Population and community processes in a mosaic grassland in the Serengeti. Journal of Ecology 74: 841-856.
5. Brown. B. J., and T. F. H. Allen 1989. The importance of scale in evaluating herbivory impacts. Oikos 54:189-194.
6. Brown. J. H., and H. J. Heske. 1990. Control of a desertgrassland transition by a keystone rodent guild. Science 250:1705-1707.
7. Brown. V. K., and A. C. Gange. 1989. Differential effects of above and below-ground herbivory during early plant succession. Oikos 54:67-76.
8. Bryant. J. P., F. S. Chapin, III. and D. R. Klein. 1983. Carbon/ nutrient balance of boreal plants in relation to vertebrate herbivory. Oikos 40:357-368.
9. Bryant. J. P., F. D. Provenza. J. Pastor. P. B. Reichardt. T. P. Clausen, and J. T. DuToit. 1991. Interactions between woody plants and browsing mammals mediated by secondary metabolites. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematic 22:431-446.
10. Chapin. F. S., III. P. M. Vitousek. and K. Van Cleve. 1986. The nature of nutrient limitation in plant communities. American Naturalist 127:48-58.
11. Coley. P. D., J. P. Bryant, and F. S. Chapin, III. 1985. Resource availability and plant anti-herbivore defense. Science 230:895-899.
12. Coppock, D. L., J. K. Detling, J. E. Ellis. and M. I Dyer. 1983. Plant-herbivore interactions in a North American mixed-grass prairie. I. Effects of black-tailed prairie dogs on intraseasonal aboveground plant biomass and plant species diversity. Oecologia 56:1-9.
13. Crawley, M. J. 1983. Herbivory: the dynamics of animalplant interactions. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, UK.
14. Davidson, D. W. 1993. The effects of herbivory and granivory on terrestrial plant succession. Oikos 68:23-35.
15. Day. T. A., and J. K. Detling. 1990. Grassland patch dynamics and herbivore grazing preference following urine deposition. Ecology 71:180-188.
16. DeAngelis, D. L. 1992. Dynamics of nutrient cycling and food webs. Chapman and Hall, New York, New York, USA.
17. DeAngelis. D. L., P. J. Mulholland, A. V. Palumbo, A. D. Steinman, M. A. Huston, and J. W. Elwood. 1989. Nutrient dynamics and food-web stability. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 20:71-95.
18. Ehrlen, J. 1992. Proximate limits to seed production in a herbaceous perennial legume, Lathyrus vernus. Ecology 73: 1820-1831.
19. _. 1995. Demography of the perennial herb Lathyrus vernus. II. Herbivory and population dynamics. Journal of Ecology 83:297-308.
20. Faber-Langendoen. D., and J. R. Tester. 1993. Oak mortality in sand savannas following drought in east-central Minnesota. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 120:248-256.
21. Frank, D. A., and S. J. McNaughton. 1992. The ecology of plants, large mammalian herbivores, and drought in Yellowstone National Park. Ecology 73:2043-2058.
22. Hixon, M. A., and W. N. Brostoff. 1996. Succession and herbivory: effects of differential fish grazing on Hawaiian coral reef algae. Ecological Monographs 66:67-90.
23. Hobbie, S. E. 1992. Effects of plant species on nutrient cycling. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 7:336-339.
24. Holland, E. A., and J. K. Detling. 1990. Plant response to herbivory and belowground nitrogen cycling. Ecology 71: 1040-1049.
25. Holland, E. A., W. J. Parton. J. K. Dclling. and D. L. Coppock. 1992. Physiological responses of plant populations to herbivory and their consequences for ecosystem nutrient flow. American Naturalist 140:685-706.
26. Holling, C. S. 1973. Resilience and stability of ecological systems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 4:123.
27. Huntly, N. J. 1991. Herbivores and the dynamics of communities and ecosystems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 22:477-503.
28. Inouye, R. S., T. D. Allison, and N. C. Johnson. 1994. Oldfield succession on a Minnesota sandplain: effects of deer and other factors on invasion by frees. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 121:266-276.
29. Inouye, R. S., N. J. Huntly, D. Tilman. J. R. Tester, M. A. Stilwell, and K. C. Zinnel. 1987. Old field succession on a Minnesota sandplain. Ecology 68:12-26.
30. Jeffcries, R. L., D. R. Klein, and G. R. Shaver. 1994. Vertebrate herbivores and northern plant communities: reciprocal influences and responses. Oikos 71:193-206.
31. Jones, C. G., and J. H. Lawton, editors. 1994. Linking species and ecosystems. Chapman and Hall. New York, New York, USA.
32. Lawton. J. H. 1994. What do species do in ecosystems? Oikos 71:367-374.
33. Ledgard, S. F., and K. W. Steele. 1992. Biological nitrogen fixation in mixed legume/grass pastures. Pages 137-153 in J. K. Ladha, T. George, and B. B. Bohlool, editors. Biological nitrogen fixation for sustainablc agriculture. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht. The Netherlands.
34. Ltibold, M. A. 1989. Resource edibility and the effects of predators and productivity on the outcome of trophic interactions. American Naturalist 134:922-949.
35. _. 1996. A graphical model of keystone predators in food webs: trophic regulation of abundance, incidence, and diversity patterns in communities. American Naturalist 147:784-812.
36. Mattson, W. J. 1980. Hcrbivory in relation to plant nitrogen content. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 11: 119-161.
37. McCullough, D. R. 1979. The George Reserve deer herd: population ecology of a K-selecled species. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, Michigan. USA.
38. Mclnnes, P. H., R. J. Naiman, J Pastor, and Y. Cohen. 1992 Effects of moose browsing on vegetation and litterfall of the boreal forests of Isle Royale, Michigan. USA. Ecology 73:2059-2075.
39. McNaughton. S. J. 1976. Serengeti migratory wildebeest: facilitation of energy How by grazing. Science 191:92-94.
40. _. 1985. Ecology of a grazing ecosystem: the Serengeti. Ecological Monographs 53:291-320
41. Naiman, R. J., J. M. Melillo, and J. E. Hobbie. 1986. Ecosystem alteration of boreal forest streams by beaver (Castor canadensis). Ecology 67:1254-1269
42. Ojima, D. S., D. S. Schimel, W. J. Parton, and C. E. Owensby. 1994. Long- and short-term effects of fire on nitrogen cycling in tallgrass prairie Biogeochemistry 24:67-84.
43. Pastor, J., and R. J. Naiman. 1992. Selective foraging and ecosystem processes in boreal forests. American Naturalist 139:690-705.
44. Pastor, J., B. Dewey, R. J. Naiman, P. F. Mclnnes, and Y. Cohen. 1993. Moose browsing and soil fertility in the boreal forests of Isle Royale National Park. Ecology 74: 467-480.
45. Polis, G. A., and D. R. Strong. 1996. Food web complexity and community dynamics. American Naturalist 147:813846.
46. Posler, G. L., A. W. Lenssen, and G. L. Fine. 1993. Forage yield, quality, compatibility, and persistence of warm-season grass-legume mixtures. Agronomy Journal 85:554-560.
47. Power. M. E. 1990. Effects of fish in river food webs. Science 250:411-415.
48. Ritchie, M. E., and D. Tilman. 1995. Responses of legumes to herbivores and nutrients during succession on a nitrogenpoor soil. Ecology 76:2648-2655.
49. Ruess, R. W., D. S. Hik, and R. L. Jcfferies. 1989. The role of lesser snow geese as nitrogen processors in a sub-arctic salt marsh. Oecologia 79:23-29.
50. Sterner, R. W. 1994. Elemental stoichiometry of species in ecosystems. Pages 240-252 in C. G. Jones and J. H. Lawton, editors. Linking species and ecosystems. Chapman and Hall, New York, New York, USA.
51. Strong, D. R. 1992. Are trophic cascades all wet? The redundant differentiation in trophic architecture of high diversity ecosystems. Ecology 73:747-754.
52. Tester, J. R. 1989. Effects of fire frequency on oak savannah in east-central Minnesota. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 116:134-144.
53. Tilman, D. 1982. Resource competition and community structure. Princeton University Press. Princeton, New Jersey, USA.
54. _. 1985. The resource ratio hypothesis of succession. American Naturalist 125:827-852.
55. _. 1987. Secondary succession and the pattern of plant dominance along experimental nitrogen gradients. Ecological Monographs 57:189-214.
56. _. 1988. Plant strategies and the dynamics and structure of plant communities. Princeton University Press, Princeton. New Jersey, USA.
57. _. 1991. Relative growth rates and plant allocation patterns. American Naturalist 138:1269-1275.
58. Tilman, D., and A. El-Haddi. 1992. Drought and biodiversity in grasslands. Oecologia 89:257-264.
59. Tilman, D., and D. Wedin. 1991. Dynamics of nitrogen com- petition between successional grasses. Ecology 72:1038-1049.
60. Van Sanbeek. J. W., F. Ponder, Jr., and W. J. Rietveld. 1986. Legumes increase growth and foliar nutrient levels of black walnut saplings. Forest Ecology and Management 17:159-167.
61. Vitousek, P. M., and R. W. Howarth. 1991. Nitrogen limitation on land and in the sea: how can it occur? Biogeochemistry 13:87-1 15.
62. Vitousek, P. M., L. R. Walker, and L. D. Whiteaker. 1987. Biological invasion by Myrica fala alters ecosystem development in Hawaii. Science 238:802-804.
63. Wedin, D. A. 1994. Species, nitrogen and grassland dynamics: the constraints of stuff. Pages 253-262 in C. Jones and J. H. Lawton, editors. Linking species and ecosystems. Chapman and Hall. New York, New York, USA.
64. Wedin, D. A., and J. Pastor. 1993. Nitrogen mineralization dynamics in grass monocultures. Oecologia 96:186-192.
65. Wedin. D. A., and D. Tilman. 1990. Species effects on nitrogen cycling: a test with perennial grasses. Oecologia 84: 433-441.
66. _. 1993. Competition among grasses along a nitrogen gradient: initial conditions and mechanisms of competition Ecological Monographs 63:199-229.
67. White, A. S. 1983. The effects of thirteen years of annual prescribed burning on a Quercus ellipsoidalis community in Minnesota. Ecology 64:1081-1085.
68. Wilson, J. B., and A. D. Q. Agnew. 1992. Positive-feedback switches in plant communities. Advances in Ecological Research 23:263-336.
69. Zak, D. R., and D. F. Grigal. 1991. Nitrogen mineralization, nitrification and dcnitrification in upland and wetland ecosystems. Oecologia 88:189-196.