Differential effects of water deprivation and rehydration on Fos and FosB/ΔFosB staining in the rat brainstem

Experimental Neurology

Volumn 203, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 445-456

  Ji, Lisa L ^a   Gottlieb, Helmut B ^a   Penny, Maurice L ^a   Fleming, Tiffany ^a   Toney, Glenn M ^a   Cunningham, J Thomas ^a  

^a University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio   (United States)

Author keywords

Dehydration; Hypovolemia; Vasopressin

Indexed keywords

ANTIBODY; PROTEIN FOS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR FOSB;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL TISSUE; AREA POSTREMA; ARTICLE; BRAIN REGION; BRAIN STEM; CAUDAL VENTROLATERAL MEDULLA; CONTROLLED STUDY; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY; MALE; NONHUMAN; PARABRACHIAL NUCLEUS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; REHYDRATION; ROSTRAL VENTROLATERAL MEDULLA; SOLITARY TRACT NUCLEUS; STAINING; WATER DEPRIVATION;

ANIMALS; BLOOD PROTEINS; BRAIN STEM; DOPAMINE BETA-HYDROXYLASE; FLUID THERAPY; GENES, FOS; HEMATOCRIT; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; MALE; OSMOLAR CONCENTRATION; PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-FOS; RATS; RATS, SPRAGUE-DAWLEY; WATER DEPRIVATION;

EID: 33846489623     PISSN: 00144886     EISSN: 10902430     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2006.08.020     Document Type: Article

References (101)

1. Altschuler S.M., Bao X.M., Bieger D., Hopkins D.A., and Miselis R.R. Viscerotopic representation of the upper alimentary tract in the rat: sensory ganglia and nuclei of the solitary and spinal trigeminal tracts. J. Comp. Neurol. 283 (1989) 248-268
2. Appia F., Ewart W.R., Pittam B.S., and Wingate D.L. Convergence of sensory information from abdominal viscera in the rat brain stem. Am. J. Physiol.: Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 251 (1986) G169-G175
3. Armstrong W.E., Gregory W.A., and Hatton G.I. Nucleolar proliferation and cell size changes in rat supraoptic neurons following osmotic and volemic challenges. Brain Res. Bull. 2 (1977) 7-14
4. Badoer E., McKinley M.J., Oldfield B.J., and McAllen R.M. Distribution of hypothalamic, medullary and lamina terminalis neurons expressing Fos after hemorrhage in conscious rats. Brain Res. 582 (1992) 323-328
5. Boudaba C., Linn D.M., Halmos K.C., and Tasker J.G. Increased tonic activation of presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors in the rat supraoptic nucleus following chronic dehydration. J. Physiol. 551 (2003) 815-823
6. Brooks V.L., Huhtala T.A., Silliman T.L., and Engeland W.C. Water deprivation and rat adrenal mRNAs for tyrosine hydroxylase and the norepinephrine transporter. Am. J. Physiol.: Regul., Integr. Comp. Physiol. 272 (1997) R1897-R1903
7. Brooks V.L., Scrogin K.E., and McKeogh D.F. The interaction of angiotensin II and osmolality in the generation of sympathetic tone during changes in dietary salt intake: an hypothesis. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 940 (2001) 380
8. Brooks V.L., Freeman K.L., and Clow K.A. Excitatory amino acids in rostral ventrolateral medulla support blood pressure during water deprivation in rats. Am. J. Physiol.: Heart Circ. Physiol. 286 (2004) H1642-H1648
9. Brown J.R., Ye H., Bronson R.T., Dikkes P., and Greenberg M.E. A defect in nurturing in mice lacking the immediate early gene fosB. Cell 86 (1996) 297
10. Buller K.M., Smith D.W., and Day T.A. Differential recruitment of hypothalamic neuroendocrine and ventrolateral medulla catecholamine cells by non-hypotensive and hypotensive hemorrhages. Brain Res. 834 (1999) 42
11. Chan R.K., and Sawchenko P.E. Spatially and temporally differentiated patterns of c-fos expression in brainstem catecholaminergic cell groups induced by cardiovascular challenges in the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 348 (1994) 433-460
12. Chan R.K., and Sawchenko P.E. Hemodynamic regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase messenger RNA in medullary catecholamine neurons: a c-fos-guided hybridization histochemical study. Neuroscience 66 (1995) 377-390
13. Chan J.Y., Shih C.D., and Chan S.H. Enhancement of spontaneous baroreflex by antisense c-fos oligonucleotide treatment in the NTS of the rat. Am. J. Physiol.: Heart Circ. Physiol. 273 (1997) H2200-H2208
14. Cunningham J.T., Grindstaff R.J., Grindstaff R.R., and Sullivan M.J. Fos immunoreactivity in the diagonal band and the perinuclear zone of the supraoptic nucleus after hypertension and hypervolaemia in unanaesthetized rats. J. Neuroendocrinol. 14 (2002) 219-227
15. Curtis K.S., Cunningham J.T., and Heesch C.M. Fos expression in brain stem nuclei of pregnant rats after hydralazine-induced hypotension. Am. J. Physiol.: Regul., Integr. Comp. Physiol. 277 (1999) R532-R540
16. Curtis K.S., Huang W., Sved A.F., Verbalis J.G., and Stricker E.M. Impaired osmoregulatory responses in rats with area postrema lesions. Am. J. Physiol.: Regul., Integr. Comp. Physiol. 277 (1999) R209-R219
17. Curtis K.S., Krause E.G., and Contreras R.J. Fos expression in non-catecholaminergic neurons in medullary and pontine nuclei after volume depletion induced by polyethylene glycol. Brain Res. 948 (2002) 149-154
18. Dampney R.A., and Horiuchi J. Functional organisation of central cardiovascular pathways: studies using c-fos gene expression. Prog. Neurobiol. 71 (2003) 359-384
19. Day T.A., and Sibbald J.R. Differing effects of electrical and chemical parabrachial nucleus stimulation on supraoptic vasopressin cells. J. Auton. Nerv. Syst. 45 (1993) 175-179
20. De Luca Jr. L.A., Xu Z., Schoorlemmer G.H., Thunhorst R.L., Beltz T.G., Menani J.V., and Johnson A.K.I.J.A.K. Water deprivation-induced sodium appetite: humoral and cardiovascular mediators and immediate early genes. Am. J. Physiol.: Regul., Integr. Comp. Physiol. 282 (2002) R552-R559
21. Di S., and Tasker J.G. Dehydration-induced synaptic plasticity in magnocellular neurons of the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus. Endocrinology 145 (2004) 5141-5149
22. Dun N.J., Dun S.L., and Chiaia N.L. Hemorrhage induces Fos immunoreactivity in rat medullary catecholaminergic neurons. Brain Res. 608 (1993) 223-232
23. Edwards G.L., and Johnson A.K. Enhanced drinking after excitotoxic lesions of the parabrachial nucleus in the rat. Am. J. Physiol.: Regul., Integr. Comp. Physiol. 261 (1991) R1039-R1044
24. Endo Y., Yamauchi K., Tsutsui Y., Ishihara Z., Yamazaki F., Sagawa S., and Shiraki K. Changes in blood pressure and muscle sympathetic nerve activity during water drinking in humans. Jpn. J. Physiol. 52 (2002) 421-427
25. Fleischmann A., Hafezi F., Elliott C., Reme C.E., Ruther U., and Wagner E.F. Fra-1 replaces c-Fos-dependent functions in mice. Genes Dev. 14 (2000) 2695-2700
26. Fleischmann A., Hvalby O., Jensen V., Strekalova T., Zacher C., Layer L.E., Kvello A., Reschke M., Spanagel R., Sprengel R., Wagner E.F., and Gass P. Impaired long-term memory and NR2A-Type NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity in mice lacking c-Fos in the CNS. J. Neurosci. 23 (2003) 9116-9122
27. Fulwiler C.E., and Saper C.B. Subnuclear organization of the efferent connections of the parabrachial nucleus in the rat. Brain Res. 319 (1984) 229-259
28. Gottlieb H.B., Ji L.L., Jones H., Penny M.L., Fleming T., and Cunningham J.T. Differential effects of water and saline intake on water deprivation-induced c-Fos staining in the rat. Am. J. Physiol.: Regul., Integr. Comp. Physiol. 290 (2006) R1251-R1261
29. Grindstaff R.J., Grindstaff R.R., Sullivan M.J., and Cunningham J.T. Role of the locus ceruleus in baroreceptor regulation of supraoptic vasopressin neurons in the rat. Am. J. Physiol.: Regul., Integr. Comp. Physiol. 279 (2000) R306-R319
30. Grove K.L., Chen P., Koegler F.H., Schiffmaker A., Susan Smith M., and Cameron J.L. Fasting activates neuropeptide Y neurons in the arcuate nucleus and the paraventricular nucleus in the rhesus macaque. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 113 (2003) 133-138
31. Halsell C.B., and Travers S.P. Anterior and posterior oral cavity responsive neurons are differentially distributed among parabrachial subnuclei in rat. J. Neurophysiol. 78 (1997) 920-938
32. Harrison T.A. Chorda tympani nerve stimulation evokes Fos expression in regionally limited neuron populations within the gustatory nucleus of the solitary tract. Brain Res. 904 (2001) 54-66
33. Hasser E.M., Bishop V.S., and Hay M. Interactions between vasopressin and baroreflex control of the sympathetic nervous system. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 24 (1997) 102-108
34. Hasser E.M., Cunningham J.T., Sullivan M.J., Curtis K.S., Blaine E.H., and Hay M. Area postrema and sympathetic nervous system effects of vasopressin and angiotensin II. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 27 (2000) 432-436
35. Hatton G.I. Function-related plasticity in hypothalamus. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 20 (1997) 375-397
36. Herbert H., Moga M.M., and Saper C.B. Connections of the parabrachial nucleus with the nucleus of the solitary tract and the medullary reticular formation in the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 293 (1990) 540-580
37. Herbert J., Forsling M.L., Howes S.R., Stacey P.M., and Shiers H.M. Regional expression of c-fos antigen in the basal forebrain following intraventricular infusions of angiotensin and its modulation by drinking either water or saline. Neuroscience 51 (1992) 867-882
38. Herdegen T., and Leah J.D. Inducible and constitutive transcription factors in the mammalian nervous system: control of gene expression by Jun, Fos and Krox, and CREB/ATF proteins. Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev. 28 (1998) 370-490
39. Hochstenbach S.L., and Ciriello J. Plasma hypernatremia induces c-fos activity in medullary catecholaminergic neurons. Brain Res. 674 (1995) 46-54
40. Hochstenbach S.L., Solano-Flores L.P., and Ciriello J. Fos induction in brainstem neurons by intravenous hypertonic saline in the conscious rat. Neurosci. Lett. 158 (1993) 225-228
41. Houpt T.A., Smith G.P., Joh T.H., and Frankmann S.P. c-fos-like immunoreactivity in the subfornical organ and nucleus of the solitary tract following salt intake by sodium-depleted rats. Physiol. Behav. 63 (1998) 505-510
42. Howe B.M., Bruno S.B., Higgs K.A., Stigers R.L., and Cunningham J.T. FosB expression in the central nervous system following isotonic volume expansion in unanesthetized rats. Exp. Neurol. 187 (2004) 190-198
43. Huang W., Sved A.F., and Stricker E.M. Water ingestion provides an early signal inhibiting osmotically stimulated vasopressin secretion in rats. Am. J. Physiol.: Regul., Integr. Comp. Physiol. 279 (2000) R756-R760
44. Jhamandas J.H., Harris K.H., and Krukoff T.L. Parabrachial nucleus projection towards the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus: electrophysiological and anatomical observations in the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 308 (1991) 42-50
45. Ji L.L., Fleming T., Penny M.L., Toney G.M., and Cunningham J.T. Effects of water deprivation and rehydration on c-Fos and FosB staining in the rat supraoptic nucleus and lamina terminalis region. Am. J. Physiol.: Regul., Integr. Comp. Physiol. 288 (2005) R311-R321
46. Johnson R.S., Spiegelman B.M., and Papaioannou V. Pleiotropic effects of a null mutation in the c-fos proto-oncogene. Cell 71 (1992) 577
47. Kalia M., and Sullivan J.M. Brainstem projections of sensory and motor components of the vagus nerve in the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 211 (1982) 248-265
48. Karimnamazi H., Travers S.P., and Travers J.B. Oral and gastric input to the parabrachial nucleus of the rat. Brain Res. 957 (2002) 193-206
49. King C.T., Deyrup L.D., Dodson S.E., Galvin K.E., Garcea M., and Spector A.C. Effects of gustatory nerve transection and regeneration on quinine-stimulated Fos-like immunoreactivity in the parabrachial nucleus of the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 465 (2003) 296-308
50. Korkosz A., Kolomanska P., Kowalska K., Rogowski A., Radwanska K., Kaczmarek L., Mierzejewski P., Scinska A., Kostowski W., and Bienkowski P. Dissociation of ethanol and saccharin preference in fosB knockout mice. Physiol. Behav. 82 (2004) 391
51. Malik M.T., Peng Y.J., Kline D.D., Adhikary G., and Prabhakar N.R. Impaired ventilatory acclimatization to hypoxia in mice lacking the immediate early gene fos B. Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol. 145 (2005) 23-31
52. McClung C.A., Ulery P.G., Perrotti L.I., Zachariou V., Berton O., and Nestler E.J. DeltaFosB: a molecular switch for long-term adaptation in the brain. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 132 (2004) 146-154
53. McKinley M.J., Hards D.K., and Oldfield B.J. Identification of neural pathways activated in dehydrated rats by means of Fos-immunohistochemistry and neural tracing. Brain Res. 653 (1994) 305-314
54. Menani J.V., Thunhorst R.L., and Johnson A.K. Lateral parabrachial nucleus and serotonergic mechanisms in the control of salt appetite in rats. Am. J. Physiol.: Regul., Integr. Comp. Physiol. 270 (1996) R162-R168
55. Menani J.V., Barbosa S.P., De Luca Jr. L.A., De Gobbi J.I., and Johnson A.K. Serotonergic mechanisms of the lateral parabrachial nucleus and cholinergic-induced sodium appetite. Am. J. Physiol.: Regul., Integr. Comp. Physiol. 282 (2002) R837-R841
56. Miselis R.R., Hyde T.M., and Shapiro R.E. Area postrema and adjacent solitary nucleus in water and energy balance. Fed. Proc. 43 (1984) 2969-2971
57. Miyaoka Y., Shingai T., Takahashi Y., and Yamada Y. Responses of parabrachial nucleus neurons to chemical stimulation of posterior tongue in chorda tympani-sectioned rats. Neurosci. Res. 28 (1997) 201-207
58. Miyata S., Tsujioka H., Itoh M., Matsunaga W., Kuramoto H., and Kiyohara T. Time course of Fos and Fras expression in the hypothalamic supraoptic neurons during chronic osmotic stimulation. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 90 (2001) 39-47
59. Morien A., Garrard L., and Rowland N.E. Expression of Fos immunoreactivity in rat brain during dehydration: effect of duration and timing of water deprivation. Brain Res. 816 (1999) 1-7
60. Mueller N.K., Di S., Paden C.M., and Herman J.P. Activity-dependent modulation of neurotransmitter innervation to vasopressin neurons of the supraoptic nucleus. Endocrinology 146 (2005) 348-354
61. Nestler E.J., Barrot M., and Self D.W. DeltaFosB: a sustained molecular switch for addiction. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 98 (2001) 11042-11046
62. Norgren R., and Leonard C.M. Ascending central gustatory pathways. J. Comp. Neurol. 150 (1973) 217-237
63. Ohman L.E., and Johnson A.K. Lesions in lateral parabrachial nucleus enhance drinking to angiotensin II and isoproterenol. Am. J. Physiol.: Regul., Integr. Comp. Physiol. 251 (1986) R504-R509
64. Ohman L.E., and Johnson A.K. Role of lateral parabrachial nucleus in the inhibition of water intake produced by right atrial stretch. Brain Res. 695 (1995) 275-278
65. Ohman L.E., Shade R.E., and Haywood J.R. Parabrachial nucleus modulation of vasopressin release. Am. J. Physiol.: Regul., Integr. Comp. Physiol. 258 (1990) R358-R364
66. Paxinos G., and Watson C. The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates (1997), Academic Press, San Diego
67. Paylor R., Johnson R.S., Papaioannou V., Spiegelman B.M., and Wehner J.M. Behavioral assessment of c-fos mutant mice. Brain Res. 651 (1994) 275
68. Penny M.L., Bruno S.B., Cornelius J., Higgs K.A., and Cunningham J.T. The effects of osmotic stimulation and water availability on c-Fos and FosB staining in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus. Exp. Neurol. 194 (2005) 191-202
69. Pereira D.T., David R.B., Menani J.V., and De Luca Jr. L.A. Episodes of water deprivation enhance daily hypertonic NaCl intake in rats. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. 35 (2002) 465-468
70. Potts P.D., Hirooka Y., and Dampney R.A. Activation of brain neurons by circulating angiotensin II: direct effects and baroreceptor-mediated secondary effects. Neuroscience 90 (1999) 581-594
71. Potts P.D., Ludbrook J., Gillman-Gaspari T.A., Horiuchi J., and Dampney R.A. Activation of brain neurons following central hypervolaemia and hypovolaemia: contribution of baroreceptor and non-baroreceptor inputs. Neuroscience 95 (2000) 499-511
72. Randolph R.R., Li Q., Curtis K.S., Sullivan M.J., and Cunningham J.T. Fos expression following isotonic volume expansion of the unanesthetized male rat. Am. J. Physiol.: Regul., Integr. Comp. Physiol. 274 (1998) R1345-R1352
73. Ricardo J.A., and Koh E.T. Anatomical evidence of direct projections from the nucleus of the solitary tract to the hypothalamus, amygdala, and other forebrain structures in the rat. Brain Res. 153 (1978) 1-26
74. Rinaman L., Vollmer R.R., Karam J., Phillips D., Li X., and Amico J.A. Dehydration anorexia is attenuated in oxytocin-deficient mice. Am. J. Physiol.: Regul., Integr. Comp. Physiol. 288 (2005) R1791-R1799
75. Russell J.A. Water deprivation in lactating rats: changes in nucleolar dry mass of paraventricular and supraoptic neurones. Cell Tissue Res. 212 (1980) 315-331
76. Sabatier N., and Leng G. Presynaptic actions of endocannabinoids mediate alpha-MSH-induced inhibition of oxytocin cells. Am. J. Physiol.: Regul., Integr. Comp. Physiol. 290 (2006) R577-R584
77. Sabatier N., Caquineau C., Dayanithi G., Bull P., Douglas A.J., Guan X.M., Jiang M., Van der Ploeg L., and Leng G. Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone stimulates oxytocin release from the dendrites of hypothalamic neurons while inhibiting oxytocin release from their terminals in the neurohypophysis. J. Neurosci. 23 (2003) 10351-10358
78. Saper C.B., and Loewy A.D. Efferent connections of the parabrachial nucleus in the rat. Brain Res. 197 (1980) 291-317
79. Schoorlemmer G.H., and Evered M.D. Reduced feeding during water deprivation depends on hydration of the gut. Am. J. Physiol.: Regul., Integr. Comp. Physiol. 283 (2002) R1061-R1069
80. Schreihofer A.M., Stricker E.M., and Sved A.F. Chronic nucleus tractus solitarius lesions do not prevent hypovolemia-induced vasopressin secretion in rats. Am. J. Physiol.: Regul., Integr. Comp. Physiol. 267 (1994) R965
81. Shapiro R.E., and Miselis R.R. The central neural connections of the area postrema of the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 234 (1985) 344-364
82. Shih C.D., Chan S.H., and Chan J.Y. Participation of Fos protein at the nucleus tractus solitarius in inhibitory modulation of baroreceptor reflex response in the rat. Brain Res. 738 (1996) 39-47
83. Sly D.J., McKinley M.J., and Oldfield B.J. Activation of kidney-directed neurons in the lamina terminalis by alterations in body fluid balance. Am. J. Physiol.: Regul., Integr. Comp. Physiol. 281 (2001) R1637-R1646
84. Smith D.W., and Day T.A. Catecholamine and oxytocin cells respond to hypovolaemia as well as hypotension. NeuroReport 14 (2003) 1493-1495
85. Song D., Liu H., Sharkey K.A., and Lee S.S. Hyperdynamic circulation in portal-hypertensive rats is dependent on central c-fos gene expression. Hepatology 35 (2002) 159-166
86. Stocker S.D., Cunningham J.T., and Toney G.M. Water deprivation increases Fos immunoreactivity in PVN autonomic neurons with projections to the spinal cord and rostral ventrolateral medulla. Am. J. Physiol.: Regul., Integr. Comp. Physiol. 287 (2004) R1172-R1183
87. Stocker S.D., Keith K.J., and Toney G.M. Acute inhibition of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus decreases renal sympathetic nerve activity and arterial blood pressure in water-deprived rats. Am. J. Physiol.: Regul., Integr. Comp. Physiol. 286 (2004) R719-R725
88. Sved A.F. Pontine pressor sites which release vasopressin. Brain Res. 369 (1986) 143-150
89. Teppema L.J., Veening J.G., Kranenburg A., Dahan A., Berkenbosch A., and Olievier C. Expression of c-fos in the rat brainstem after exposure to hypoxia and to normoxic and hyperoxic hypercapnia. J. Comp. Neurol. 388 (1997) 169-190
90. Theodosis D.T., el Majdoubi M., Gies U., and Poulain D.A. Physiologically-linked structural plasticity of inhibitory and excitatory synaptic inputs to oxytocin neurons. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 395 (1995) 155-171
91. Toney G.M., Chen Q.H., Cato M.J., and Stocker S.D. Central osmotic regulation of sympathetic nerve activity. Acta Physiol. Scand. 177 (2003) 43-55
92. Travers S.P., Pfaffmann C., and Norgren R. Convergence of lingual and palatal gustatory neural activity in the nucleus of the solitary tract. Brain Res. 365 (1986) 305-320
93. Travers J.B., Travers S.P., and Norgren R. Gustatory neural processing in the hindbrain. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 10 (1987) 595-632
94. Tweedle C.D., and Hatton G.I. Ultrastructural comparisons of neurons of supraoptic and circularis nuclei in normal and dehydrated rats. Brain Res. Bull. 1 (1976) 103-121
95. Ueta Y., Yamashita H., Kawata M., and Koizumi K. Water deprivation induces regional expression of c-fos protein in the brain of inbred polydipsic mice. Brain Res. 677 (1995) 221-228
96. Vivas L., Pastuskovas C.V., and Tonelli L. Sodium depletion induces Fos immunoreactivity in circumventricular organs of the lamina terminalis. Brain Res. 679 (1995) 34-41
97. Wenzel A., Iseli H.P., Fleischmann A., Hafezi F., Grimm C., Wagner E.F., and Reme C.E. Fra-1 substitutes for c-Fos in AP-1-mediated signal transduction in retinal apoptosis. J. Neurochem. 80 (2002) 1089-1094
98. Wu Y., Zhang D., Lou D., Fan Y., Aronow B., Xu M., and Zhang J. C-fos regulates neuropeptide Y expression in mouse dentate gyrus. Neurosci. Lett. 363 (2004) 6-10
99. Xu Z., and Herbert J. Regional suppression by water intake of c-fos expression induced by intraventricular infusions of angiotensin II. [erratum appears in Brain Res 1994 Dec 26;667(2):301-2]. Brain Res. 659 (1994) 157-168
100. Yasoshima Y., Sako N., Senba E., and Yamamoto T. Acute suppression, but not chronic genetic deficiency, of c-fos gene expression impairs long-term memory in aversive taste learning. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 103 (2006) 7106-7111
101. Zachariou V., Bolanos C.A., Selley D.E., Theobald D., Cassidy M.P., Kelz M.B., Shaw-Lutchman T., Berton O., Sim-Selley L.J., Dileone R.J., Kumar A., and Nestler E.J. An essential role for DeltaFosB in the nucleus accumbens in morphine action. Nat. Neurosci. 9 (2006) 205-211