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Volumn 129, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 562-568

Catalytic intermolecular amination of C-H bonds: Method development and mechanistic insights

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMINATION; CATALYSIS; OXIDATION; REACTION KINETICS; SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS;

EID: 33846430525     PISSN: 00027863     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ja0650450     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (384)

References (61)
  • 12
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    • For representative examples of intermolecular C-H amination, see: a
    • For representative examples of intermolecular C-H amination, see: (a) Fruit, C.; Müller, P. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2004, 15, 1019-1026.
    • (2004) Tetrahedron: Asymmetry , vol.15 , pp. 1019-1026
    • Fruit, C.1    Müller, P.2
  • 19
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    • 2 catalysis using limiting amounts of the starting hydrocarbon, see: Liang, C.; Robert-Peillard, F.; Fruit, C.; Müller, P.; Dodd, R. H.; Dauban, P. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 4641-4644.
    • 2 catalysis using limiting amounts of the starting hydrocarbon, see: Liang, C.; Robert-Peillard, F.; Fruit, C.; Müller, P.; Dodd, R. H.; Dauban, P. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 4641-4644.
  • 20
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    • While this manuscript was in submission, Reddy and Davies reported enantioselective intermolecular C-H insertion reactions using a dirhodium catalyst derived from adamantyl S-glycine, see: Reddy, R. P, Davies, H. M. L. Org. Lett. 2006, 8, 5013-5016
    • While this manuscript was in submission, Reddy and Davies reported enantioselective intermolecular C-H insertion reactions using a dirhodium catalyst derived from adamantyl S-glycine, see: Reddy, R. P.; Davies, H. M. L. Org. Lett. 2006, 8, 5013-5016.
  • 22
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    • A 1-hour dropwise addition reduced product yields by ∼15
    • A 1-hour dropwise addition reduced product yields by ∼15%.
  • 23
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    • 2 in a single step; see Supporting Information for details. Stang, P. J.; Boehshar, M.; Wingert, H.; Kitamura, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 3272-3278.
    • 2 in a single step; see Supporting Information for details. Stang, P. J.; Boehshar, M.; Wingert, H.; Kitamura, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 3272-3278.
  • 24
    • 0037146032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 was first employed for alkene aziridination reactions, see: Guthikonda, K.; Du Bois, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 13672-13673.
    • 2 was first employed for alkene aziridination reactions, see: Guthikonda, K.; Du Bois, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 13672-13673.
  • 25
    • 33846460303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 were measured in intramolecular C-H amination experiments, the details of which will appear in a forthcoming article: Fiori, K. W.; Espino, C. G.; Brodsky, B. H.; Du Bois, J., manuscript in preparation.
    • 2 were measured in intramolecular C-H amination experiments, the details of which will appear in a forthcoming article: Fiori, K. W.; Espino, C. G.; Brodsky, B. H.; Du Bois, J., manuscript in preparation.
  • 26
    • 33846415707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Following a recent publication by Müller, Dauban, and Dodd (see ref 5, we have conducted reactions in 3:1 CH2Cl2MeOH at 23 °C and at reduced temperatures, 40 → 20 °C, Under these conditions with Rh2(esp)2 as the catalyst and TcesNH 2 as the nitrogen source, reaction yields are greatly diminished < 10, from those reported in Tables 1-3
    • 2 as the nitrogen source, reaction yields are greatly diminished (< 10%) from those reported in Tables 1-3.
  • 27
    • 33846443880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rh2(S-TCPTAD)4 is the dirhodium tetracarboxylate complex derived from N-tetrachlorophthalimidoyl-protected S-adamantylglycine. This catalyst has been recently reported to promote efficient asymmetric intermolecular C-H amination of benzylic substrates (5 equiv) using NsNH2 and PhI(OAc)2, see ref 6
    • 2, see ref 6.
  • 28
    • 3142760938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 = bis-{1,3-[N,N′-di(2, 4,6-triisopropylbenzenesulfonyl)-(2S,2′S),(5R, 5′R)-prolinate]benzene} dirhodium. Davies has reported the design and reactivity of this bridging prolinate complex. For leading references, see: (a) Davies, H. M. L.; Lee, G. H. Org. Lett. 2004, 6, 2117-2120.
    • 2 = bis-{1,3-[N,N′-di(2, 4,6-triisopropylbenzenesulfonyl)-(2S,2′S),(5R, 5′R)-prolinate]benzene} dirhodium. Davies has reported the design and reactivity of this bridging prolinate complex. For leading references, see: (a) Davies, H. M. L.; Lee, G. H. Org. Lett. 2004, 6, 2117-2120.
  • 30
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    • 2.
    • 2.
  • 31
    • 33846410154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reports by Che and Müller, Dauban, and Dodd also describe amination reactions using limiting amounts of substrate, see refs 3e and 5, respectively.
    • Reports by Che and Müller, Dauban, and Dodd also describe amination reactions using limiting amounts of substrate, see refs 3e and 5, respectively.
  • 32
    • 33846424139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolable amounts (15-20%) of the C1/C4-diaminated products are also generated.
    • Isolable amounts (15-20%) of the C1/C4-diaminated products are also generated.
  • 33
    • 33846425626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See Supporting Information for details
    • See Supporting Information for details.
  • 34
    • 33846410567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iminoiodinanes of the general form RSO2N=IPh have found extensive use as nitrene equivalents, particularly for metal-catalyzed alkene aziridination reactions, see ref 1
    • 2N=IPh have found extensive use as nitrene equivalents, particularly for metal-catalyzed alkene aziridination reactions, see ref 1.
  • 35
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    • 2 using KOH, see: Liang, J.-L.; Yuan, S.-X.; Huang, J.-S.; Che, C.-M. J. Org. Chem. 2004, 69, 3610-3619.
    • 2 using KOH, see: Liang, J.-L.; Yuan, S.-X.; Huang, J.-S.; Che, C.-M. J. Org. Chem. 2004, 69, 3610-3619.
  • 36
    • 33846448999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assignment is based on comparison of the NMR spectrum to that of authentic TcesN=IPh.
    • Assignment is based on comparison of the NMR spectrum to that of authentic TcesN=IPh.
  • 37
    • 33846447701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Currently, we speculate that ROSO2N=IPh formation proceeds through a dissociative (SN1-like) mechanism involving [PhI(O 2CtBu, generation. Exchange reactions conducted in C6D6 using equimolar amounts of PhI(OAc) 2 and PhI(O2CtBu)2 give rise within minutes to PhI(OAc)O2CtBu, Such data are consistent with carboxylate dissociation and iodonium ion formation. Details of these experiments will be reported shortly
    • tBu). Such data are consistent with carboxylate dissociation and iodonium ion formation. Details of these experiments will be reported shortly.
  • 38
    • 33846420505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Our observed trends in C-H bond reactivity parallel those observed for Rh-catalyzed diazoalkane insertion reactions. For leading references, see: (a) Doyle, M. P, McKervey, M. A, Ye, T. Modern Catalytic Methods for Organic Synthesis with Diazo Compounds: From Cyclopropanes to Ylides; Wiley and Sons, Ltd, New York, 1998
    • Our observed trends in C-H bond reactivity parallel those observed for Rh-catalyzed diazoalkane insertion reactions. For leading references, see: (a) Doyle, M. P.; McKervey, M. A.; Ye, T. Modern Catalytic Methods for Organic Synthesis with Diazo Compounds: From Cyclopropanes to Ylides; Wiley and Sons, Ltd.: New York, 1998.
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    • For general discussions on mechanisms of C-H hydroxylation, see: a
    • For general discussions on mechanisms of C-H hydroxylation, see: (a) Groves, J. T. J. Inorg. Biochem. 2006, 100, 434-447.
    • (2006) J. Inorg. Biochem , vol.100 , pp. 434-447
    • Groves, J.T.1
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    • -1, see: Choi, S.-Y.; Toy, P. H.; Newcomb, M. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 8609-8613.
    • -1, see: Choi, S.-Y.; Toy, P. H.; Newcomb, M. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 8609-8613.
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    • 2 of 0.87. See Supporting Information for additional details.
    • 2 of 0.87. See Supporting Information for additional details.
  • 46
    • 33846433398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Our findings are in accord with prior work by Müller's lab, for which a ρ-value of -0.90 (vs σ1) was recorded in experiments with PhI=NNs as oxidant, see: (a) Müller, P, Baud, C; Nägeli, I. J. Phys. Org. Chem. 1998, 11, 597-601
    • 1) was recorded in experiments with PhI=NNs as oxidant, see: (a) Müller, P.; Baud, C; Nägeli, I. J. Phys. Org. Chem. 1998, 11, 597-601.
  • 48
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    • For consistency, all ρ-values have been calculated against σ+-constants
    • +-constants.
  • 51
    • 33846408925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preparation of and reactions with this catalyst will be described in a future manuscript, see:, manuscript in preparation
    • Preparation of and reactions with this catalyst will be described in a future manuscript, see: Kim, M.; Du Bois, J., manuscript in preparation.
    • Kim, M.1    Du Bois, J.2
  • 52
    • 4043060623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For other examples of asymmetric C-H amination under Rh-catalysis, see: a
    • For other examples of asymmetric C-H amination under Rh-catalysis, see: (a) Fruit, C.; Müller, P. Helv. Chim. Acta 2004, 87, 1607-1615.
    • (2004) Helv. Chim. Acta , vol.87 , pp. 1607-1615
    • Fruit, C.1    Müller, P.2
  • 53
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    • Liang, J.-L, Yuan, S.-X, Chan, P. W. H, Che, C.-M. Tetrahedron Lett. 2003, 44, 5917-5920. Also, see ref 3c
    • (b) Liang, J.-L.; Yuan, S.-X.; Chan, P. W. H.; Che, C.-M. Tetrahedron Lett. 2003, 44, 5917-5920. Also, see ref 3c.
  • 54
    • 33846439644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3 yields 55% of the benzylic amine 10 and <10% of 11.
    • 3 yields 55% of the benzylic amine 10 and <10% of 11.
  • 55
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    • For ring-opening of a cyclopropylalkoxy radical, see
    • For ring-opening of a cyclopropylalkoxy radical, see: DePuy, C. H.; Dappen, G. M.; Hausser, J. W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1961, 83, 3156-3157.
    • (1961) J. Am. Chem. Soc , vol.83 , pp. 3156-3157
    • DePuy, C.H.1    Dappen, G.M.2    Hausser, J.W.3
  • 56
    • 33846404007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In general, the solution color changes from green to red for all reactions as the dropwise addition of oxidant nears completion. When an excess of substrate is employed, the green color persists throughout the reaction course
    • In general, the solution color changes from green to red for all reactions as the dropwise addition of oxidant nears completion. When an excess of substrate is employed, the green color persists throughout the reaction course.
  • 58
    • 33846463308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gas chromatography and HPLC analysis of spent reaction mixtures have never revealed products of benzene amination/aziridination
    • Gas chromatography and HPLC analysis of spent reaction mixtures have never revealed products of benzene amination/aziridination.
  • 59
    • 0018221341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disporportion of tetracarboxylate Rh2+/Rh3+ complexes has been described, see ref 37 and: Kadish, K. M, Das, K, Howard, R, Dennis, A, Bear, J. L. Bioelectrochem. Bioenerg. 1978, 5, 741-753
    • 3+ complexes has been described, see ref 37 and: Kadish, K. M.; Das, K.; Howard, R.; Dennis, A.; Bear, J. L. Bioelectrochem. Bioenerg. 1978, 5, 741-753.
  • 60
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    • 2 is readily prepared on scale (40 g) and is available from Aldrich Chemical Co.
    • 2 is readily prepared on scale (40 g) and is available from Aldrich Chemical Co.
  • 61
    • 33846419006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 catalyst, thereby facilitating product purification.
    • 2 catalyst, thereby facilitating product purification.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.