The look AHEAD study: A description of the lifestyle intervention and the evidence supporting it

Obesity

Volumn 14, Issue 5, 2006, Pages 737-752

  Wadden, Thomas A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Diet; Lifestyle modification; Physical activity; Weight loss; Weight maintenance

Indexed keywords

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; EXERCISE; FORECASTING; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HEALTH PROMOTION; HUMAN; LIFESTYLE; METHODOLOGY; MULTICENTER STUDY; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; OBESITY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; REVIEW; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; EXERCISE; FORECASTING; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HEALTH PROMOTION; HUMANS; LIFE STYLE; MULTICENTER STUDIES; OBESITY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS; WEIGHT LOSS;

EID: 33845459014     PISSN: 19307381     EISSN: 1930739X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/oby.2006.84     Document Type: Article

References (87)

1. The Look AHEAD Research Group. Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes): design and methods for a clinical trial of weight loss for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes. Controlled Clin Trials. 2003;24:610-28.
2. The Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:393-403.
3. Pan XR, Li GW, Hu YH, et al. Effects of diet and exercise in preventing NIDDM in people with impaired glucose tolerance: the Da Quing IGT and Diabetes Study. Diabetes Care. 1997;20:537-44.
4. Tuomilehto JLJ, Eriksson JG, Valle TT, et al. Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. N Engl J Med. 2001;344: 1343-92.
5. Guare JC, Wing RR, Grant A. Comparison of obese NIDDM and nondiabetic women: short- and long-term weight loss. Obes Res. 1995;3:329-35.
6. Pascale RW, Wing RR, Butler BA, Mullen M, Bononi P. Effects of a behavioral weight loss program stressing calorie restrictions versus calorie plus fat restriction in obese individuals with NIDDM or a family history of diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1995;18:1241-8.
7. Wing RR, Marcus MD, Salata R, Epstein LH, Miaskiewicz S, Blair EH. Effects of a very-low-calorie diet on long-term glycemic control in obese type 2 diabetic subjects. Arch Intern Med. 1991;151:1334-40.
8. Wing RR, Blair E, Marcus M, Epstein LH, Harvey J. Year-long weight loss treatment for obese patients with type II diabetes: does including and intermittent very-low-calorie diet improve outcome? Am J Med. 1994;97:354-62.
9. Wing RR, Epstein LH, Paternostro-Bayles M, Kriska A, Nowalk MP, Gooding W. Exercise in a behavioural weight control programme for obese patients with type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes. Diabetologia. 1988;31:902-9.
10. Wing RR, Koeske R, Epstein LH, Nowalk MP, Gooding W, Becker D. Long-term effects of modest weight loss in type II diabetic patients. Arch Int Med. 1987;147:1749-53.
11. Stevens VJ, Corrigan SA, Obarzanek E, et al. Weight loss intervention in phase 1 of the trials of hypertension prevention. Arch Intern Med. 1993;153:849-58.
12. Dattilo AM, Kris-Etherton PM. Effects of weight reduction on blood lipids and lipoproteins: a meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992;56:320-8.
13. Wadden TA, Foster GD, Letizia KA. One-year behavioral treatment of obesity: comparison of moderate and severe caloric restriction and the effects of weight maintenance therapy. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1994;62:165-71.
14. Torgerson JS, Lissner L, Lindroos AK, Kruijer H, Sjöström L. VLCD plus dietary and behavioral support versus support alone in the treatment of severe obesity: a randomised two-year clinical trial. Int J Obes. 1997;21:987-94.
15. Wadden TA, Bartlett SJ, Foster GD, et al. Sertraline and relapse prevention training following treatment by very-low-calorie diet: a controlled clinical trial. Obes Res. 1995;3:549-57.
16. Sikand G, Kondo A, Foreyt JP, Jones PH, Gotto AM Jr. Two-year follow-up of patients treated with a very-low-calorie diet and exercise training. J Am Diet Assoc. 1988;88:487-8.
17. Pate RR, Pratt M, Blair SN, et al. Physical activity and public health: a recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine. JAMA. 1995;273:402-7.
18. The Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP): description of lifestyle intervention. Diabetes Care. 2002;25:2165-71.
19. Jakicic JM, Winters C, Lang W, Wing RR. Effects of intermittent exercise and home-exercise equipment on adherence, weight loss, and fitness in overweight women: a randomized trial. JAMA. 1999;282:1554-60.
20. Jeffery RW, Wing RR, Sherwood NE, Tate DF. Physical activity and weight loss: does prescribing higher physical activity goals improve outcome? Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;78: 684-9.
21. Lee CD, Blair SN, Jackson AS. Cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in men. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;69:373-80.
22. Hu FB, Willett WC, Li T, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Manson JE. Adiposity as compared with physical activity in predicting mortality among women. N Engl J Med. 2004;351: 2694-703.
23. Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2005.
24. Wadden TA, Butryn ML, Byrne KJ. Efficacy of lifestyle modification for long-term weight control. Obes Res. 2004;12:151-618.
25. Perri MG, Nezu AM, Patti ET, McCann KL. Effect of length of treatment on weight loss. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1989;57:450-4.
26. Yanovski SZ, Yanovski JA. Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:591-602.
27. Buchwald H, Avidor Y, Braunwald E, et al. Bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2004;292:1724-37.
28. Renjilian DA, Perri MG, Nezu AM, McKelvey WF, Shermer RL, Anton SD. Individual vs. group therapy for obesity: effects of matching participants to their treatment preference. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2001;69:717-21.
29. Wing RR, Venditti E, Jakicic JM, Policy BA, Lang W. Lifestyle intervention in overweight individuals with a family history of diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1998;21:350-9.
30. Whelton PK, Appel LJ, Espeland MA, et al. Sodium reduction and weight loss in the treatment of hypertension in older persons: a randomized controlled trial of nonpharmacologic interventions in the elderly (TONE). JAMA. 1998;279:839-46.
31. Ditschuneit HH, Flechtner-Mors M, Johnson TD, Adler G. Metabolic and weight loss effects of long-term dietary intervention in obese subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;69:198-204.
32. Heymsfield SB, van Mierlo CA, van der Knaap HC, Heo M, Frier HI. Weight management using a meal replacement strategy: meta and pooling analysis from six studies. Int J Obes. 2003;27:537-49.
33. Lichtman SW, Pisarska K, Berman ER, et al. Discrepancy between self-reported and actual caloric intake and exercise in obese subjects. N Engl J Med. 1992;327:1893-8.
34. Jeffery RW, Wing RR, Thorson C, et al. Strengthening behavioral interventions for weight loss: a randomized trial of food provision and monetary incentives. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1993;61:1038-45.
35. Metz JA, Stern JS, Kris-Etherton P, et al. A randomized trial of improved weight loss with a prepared meal plan in overweight and obese patients: impact of cardiovascular risk reduction. Arch Intern Med. 2000;160:2150-8.
36. Haynes RB, Kris-Etherton P, McCarron DA, et al. Nutritionally complete prepared meal plan to reduce cardiovascular risk factors: a randomized clinical trial. J Am Diet Assoc. 1999;99:1077-83
37. Wing RR, Jeffery RW, Burton LR, Thorson C, Nissinoff KS, Baxter JE. Food provision vs. structured meal plans in the behavioral treatment of obesity. Int J Obes. 1996;20:56-62.
38. Yip I, Go VL, DeShields S, et al. Liquid meal replacements and glycemic control in obese type 2 diabetes patients. Obes Res. 2001;4:341-7S.
39. Wing RR, Blair EH, Bononi P, Marcus MD, Watanabe R, Bergman RN. Caloric restriction per se is a significant factor in improvements in glycemic control and insulin sensitivity during weight loss in obese NIDDM. Diabetes Care. 1994;17:30-6.
40. Williams KV, Mullen ML, Kelley DE, Wing RR. The effect of short periods of caloric restriction on weight loss and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1998;21:2-8.
41. Jakicic JM, Wing RR, Butler BA, Robertson RJ. Prescribing exercise in multiple short bouts versus one continuous bout: effects on adherence, cardiorespiratory fitness, and weight loss in overweight women. Int J Obes. 1995;19:893-901.
42. Andersen RE, Wadden TA, Bartlett SJ, Zemel B, Verde TJ, Franckowiak SC. Effects of lifestyle activity vs. structured aerobic exercise in obese women. JAMA. 1999;281:335-40.
43. Epstein LH, Wing RR, Koeske R, Ossip D, Beck S. A comparison of lifestyle change and programmed aerobic exercise on weight and fitness change in obese children. Behav Ther. 1985;13:651-65.
44. Dunn AL, Marcus BH, Kampert JB, Garcia ME, Kohl III HW, Blair SN. Comparison of lifestyle and structured interventions to increase physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness. JAMA. 1999;281:327-34.
45. Yamanouchi K, Shinozaki T, Chikada K, et al. Daily walking combined with diet therapy is a useful means for obese NIDDM patients not only to reduce body weight but also to improve insulin sensitivity. Diabetes Care. 1995;18:775-8.
46. King AC, Haskell WL, Young DR, Oka RK, Stefanick ML. Long-term effects of varying intensities and formats of physical activity on participation rates, fitness, and lipoproteins in men and women aged 50 to 65 years. Circulation. 1995;91:2596-604.
47. Perri MG, Martin AD, Leermakers EA, Sears SF, Notelovitz M. Effects of group- versus home-based exercise in the treatment of obesity. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1997;65:278-85.
48. Wadden TA, Berkowitz RI, Womble LG, et al. Randomized trial of lifestyle modification and pharmacotherapy for obesity. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:2111-20.
49. Baker RC, Kirschenbaum DS. Weight control during the holidays: highly consistent self-monitoring as a potentially useful coping mechanism. Health Psychol. 1998;17:367-70.
50. Berkowitz RI, Wadden TA, Tershakovec AM, Cronquist JL. Behavior therapy and sibutramine for treatment of adolescent obesity. JAMA. 2003;289:1805-12.
51. O'Neil PM, Brown JD. Weighing the evidence: benefits of regular weight monitoring for weight control. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2005;37:319-22.
52. Smith DE, Heckemeyer CM, Kratt PP, Mason DA. Motivational interviewing to improve adherence to a behavioral weight-control program for older obese women with NIDDM: a pilot study. Diabetes Care. 1997;20:52-4.
53. Perri MG, Nezu AM, McKelvey WF, Shermer RL, Renjilian DA, Viegener BJ. Relapse prevention training and problem-solving therapy in the long-term management of obesity. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2001;69:722-6.
54. Smith D, Wing R. Diminished weight loss and behavioral compliance using repeated diets in obese women with type II diabetes. Health Psychol. 1991;10:378-83.
55. Perri MG, McAllister D, Gange J, Jordan R, McAdoo W, Nezu A. Effects of four maintenance programs on the long-term management of obesity. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988;56:529-34.
56. Perri MG, McAdoo WG, McAllister DA, et al. Effects of peer support and therapist contact on long-term weight loss. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1987;55:615-7.
57. McGuire M, Wing RR, Klem M, Hill J. Behavioral strategies of individuals who have maintained long-term weight losses. Obes Res. 1999;7:334-41.
58. Lowe M. Self-regulation of energy intake in the prevention and treatment of obesity: is it feasible? Obes Res. 2003;11:44-59S.
59. Rolls B, Barnett R. Volumetrics: Feel Full on Fewer Calories. New York: Harper Collins Publishers; 2000.
60. Bell EA, Rolls BJ. Energy density of foods affects energy intake across multiple levels of fat content in lean and obese women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001;73:1010-8.
61. Rolls BJ, Bell EA. Dietary approaches to the treatment of obesity. Med Clin North Am. 2000;84:401-18.
62. Flechtner-Mors M, Ditschuneit H, Johnson T, Suchard M, Adler G. Metabolic and weight loss effects of long-term dietary intervention in obese patients. Obes Res. 2000;8:399-402.
63. Rothacker D. Five-year self-management of weight using meal replacements: comparison with matched controls in rural Wisconsin. Nutrition. 2000;16:344-8.
64. Jakicic JM, Marcus B, Gallagher K, Napolitano M, Lang W. Effect of exercise duration and intensity on weight loss in overweight, sedentary women: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2003;290:1323-30.
65. Rothman A. Toward a theory-based analysis of behavioral maintenance. Health Psychol. 2000;19(Suppl 1):64-9.
66. Hill JO, Hauptman J, Anderson JW, et al. Orlistat, a lipase inhibitor, for weight maintenance after conventional dieting: a 1-y study. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;69:1109-16.
67. Wadden TA, Berkowitz RI, Womble L, Sarwer D, Arnold M, Steinberg C. Effects of sibutramine plus orlistat in obese women following 1 year treatment by sibutramine alone: a placebo-controlled trial. Obes Res. 2000;8:431-7.
68. Jeffery R, Drewnowski A, Epstein L, Stunkard A, Wilson G, Wing R. Long-term maintenance of weight loss: current status. Health Psychol. 2000;19(Suppl 1):5-16.
69. Bray GA, Blackburn GL, Ferguson JM, et al. Sibutramine produces dose-related weight loss. Obes Res. 1999;7:189-98.
70. Arterburn DE, Crane PK, Veenstra DL. The efficacy and safety of sibutramine for weight loss: a systematic review. Arch Int Med. 2004;164:994-1003.
71. Kim SH, Lee YM, Jee SH, Nam CM. Effect of sibutramine on weight loss and blood pressure: a meta-analysis of controlled trials. Obes Res. 2003;11:1116-23.
72. Davidson M, Hauptman J, DiGirolamo M, Foreyt J, Halsted C, Heber D. Weight control and risk factor reduction in obese subjects treated for 2 years with orlistat: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 1999;281:235-42.
73. Sjöström L, Rissanen A, Andersen T, et al. Randomized placebo-controlled trial of orlistat for weight loss and prevention of weight regain in obese patients. Lancet. 1998;352:167-72.
74. Hollander PA, Elbein SC, Hirsch IB, et al. Role of orlistat in the treatment of obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1998;21:1288-94.
75. Miles JM, Letter L, Hollander P, et al. Effect of orlistat in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin. Diabetes Care. 2002;25:1123-8.
76. Kelley DE, Bray GA, Pi-Sunyer FX, et al. Clinical efficacy of orlistat therapy in overweight and obese patients with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes: a 1-year randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2002;25:1033-41.
77. Torgerson JS, Hauptman J, Boldrin MN, Sjöström L. Xenical in the prevention of diabetes in obese subjects (XENDOS) study: a randomized study of orlistat as an adjunct to lifestyle changes for the prevention of type 2 diabetes in obese patients. Diabetes Care. 2004;27:155-61.
78. Perri MG, Shapiro RM, Ludwig WW, Twentyman CT, McAdoo WG, Maintenance strategies for the treatment of obesity: an evaluation of relapse prevention training and post-treatment contact by mail and telephone. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1984;52:404-13.
79. Perri MG, McAdoo WG, McAllister DA, Lauer JB, Yancey DZ. Enhancing the efficacy of behavior therapy for obesity: effects of aerobic exercise and a multicomponent maintenance program. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1986;54:670-5.
80. Tate DF, Jackvony EH, Wing RR. Effects of internet behavioral counseling on weight loss in adults at risk for type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2003;289:1833-6.
81. Roubideaux YD, Moore K, Avery C, Muneta B, Knight M, Buchwald D. Diabetes education materials: recommendations of tribal leaders, Indian health professionals, and American Indian community members. Diabetes Educ. 2000;26:290-4.
82. Thompson JL, Wolfe VK, Wilson N, Pardilla MN, Perez G. Personal, social, and environmental correlates of physical activity in Native American women. Am J Prev Med. 2003;25:53-60.
83. Griffin JA, Gilliland SS, Perez G, Upson D, Carter JS. Challenges to participating in a lifestyle intervention program: the Native American Diabetes Project. Diabetes Educ. 2000;26:681-9.
84. Delahanty LM, Begay SR, Coocyate N, et al. The effectiveness of lifestyle intervention in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP): application in diverse ethnic groups. In: Mayer-Davis E, ed. Diabetes Prevention. Chicago, IL: American Dietetic Association; 2002, pp. 30-6.
85. Kumanyika SK, Espeland MA, Bahnson JL, et al. Ethnic comparison of weight loss in the trial of nonpharmacologic interventions in the elderly. Obes Res. 2002;10:96-106.
86. Wing RR, Hamman RF, Bray GA, et al. Achieving weight and activity goals among diabetes prevention program lifestyle participants. Obes Res. 2004;12:1426-34.
87. Kumanyika SK. Obesity treatment in minorities. In: Wadden TA, Stunkard AJ, eds. Handbook of Obesity Treatment. New York: Guilford Press; 2002, pp. 416-46.