Enhancing grassland biodiversity and its consequences for grassland management and utilisation

Grassland: A Global Resource

Volumn , Issue , 2005, Pages 305-320

  Isselstein, J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GÖTTINGEN   (Germany)

Author keywords

Agri environment schemes; Production; Seedling recruitment; Species richness

Indexed keywords

EID: 33845249830     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.3920/978-90-8686-551-2     Document Type: Chapter

References (97)

1. Arens, R. (1971). Neuanlage von Dauergrünland (Establishment of permanent grassland). In: E. Klapp (ed.) Wiesen und Weiden (Meadows and pastures). Verlag Paul Parey, 4th edition, 326-369.
2. Bakker, J.P. (1994). Nature management in Dutch grasslands. In: R.J. Haggar & S. Peel (eds.) Grassland management and nature conservation. BGS Occasional Symposium No 28, Reading, UK, 115-124.
3. Bakker, J.P. & F. Berendse (1999). Constraints in the restoration of ecological diversity in grassland and heathland communities. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 14, 63-68.
4. Bardgett, R.D. & R. Cook (1998). Functional aspects of soil animal diversity in agricultural grasslands. Applied Soil Ecology, 10, 263-276.
5. Bardgett, R.D. & E. McAlister (1999). The measurement of soil fungal: bacterial biomass ratios as an indicator of ecosystem self-regulation in temperate meadow grasslands. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 29, 282-290.
6. Barthram, G.T., C.A. Marriott, T.G. Common & G.R. Bolton (2002). The long-term effects on upland sheep production in the UK of a change to extensive management. Grass and Forage Science, 57, 124-136.
7. Benton, T.G., D.M. Bryant, L. Cole & H. Crick (2002). Linking agricultural practice to insect and bird populations: a historical study over three decades. Journal of Applied Ecology, 39, 673-687.
8. Berendse, F., M.J.M. Oomes, H.J. Altena & T. Elberse (1992). Experiments on the restoration of species-rich meadows in The Netherlands. Biological Conservation, 62, 59-65.
9. Bertke, E., J. Isselstein & R. Marggraf (2005). Species-rich grassland as an ecological good in an outcomebased payment scheme. In: Proceedings of the XX International Grassland Congress, Dublin, offered paper (in press).
10. Bosshard, A. (2001). Wie erfolgreich ist die Ansaat artenreicher Wiesen in der Praxis? (How successful is the establishment of species-rich meadows by sowing). Schriftenreihe der FAL, 39, 34-44.
11. Bullock, J.M., R.F. Pywell, M.J.W. Burke & K.J. Walker (2001). Restoration of biodiversity enhances agricultural production. Ecology Letters, 4, 185-189.
12. Chamberlain, D.E., R.J. Fuller, R.G.H. Bunce, J.C. Duckworth & M. Shrubb (2000). Changes in the abundance of farmland birds in relation to the timing of agricultural intensification in England and Wales. Journal of Applied Ecology, 37, 771-788.
13. Correll, O., J. Isselstein & V. Pavlu (2003). Studying spatial and temporal dynamics of sward structure at low stocking densities: the use of an extended rising-plate-meter method. Grass and Forage Science, 58, 450-454.
14. Critchley, C.N.R., B.J. Chambers, J.A. Fowbert, A. Bogha, S.C. Rose & R.A. Sanderson (2002). Plant species richness, functional type and soil properties of grasslands and allied vegetation in English Environmentally Sensitive Areas. Grass and Forage Science, 57, 82-92.
15. Dennis, P., J. Doering, J.A. Stockan, J.R. Jones, M.E. Rees, J.E. Vale & A.R Sibbald (2004). Consequences for biodiversity of reducing inputs to upland temperate pastures: effects on beetles (Coleoptera) of cessation of nitrogen fertilizer application and reductions in stocking rates of sheep. Grass and Forage Science, 59, 121-135.
16. Duelli, P. & M.K. Obrist (1998). In search of the best correlates for local organismal biodiversity in cultivated areas. Biodiversity and Conservation, 7, 297-309.
17. Dullinger, S., T. Dirnbock, J. Greimler & G. Grabherr (2003). A resampling approach for evaluating effects of pasture abandonment on subalpine plant species diversity. Journal of Vegetation Science, 14, 243-252.
18. Dyckmans, A., H. Mack & F. Weissbach (1999). The effect of grassland extensification on yield, forage quality and botanical composition at different grassland locations. Landbauforschung Völkenrode, SH 206, 125-139.
19. Ellenberg, H. (1996). Die Vegetation Mitteleuropas mit den Alpen (The vegetation of Central Europe including the Alps). 5th Edition. Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany, 1095pp.
20. Eriksson, O., S.A.O. Cousins & H.H. Bruun (2002). Land use history and fragmentation of traditionally managed grasslands in Scandinavia. Journal of Vegetation Science, 13, 743-748.
21. Feehan, J., D.A. Gillmor & N. Culleton (2005). Effects of an agri-environment scheme on farmland biodiversity in Ireland. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, (in press).
22. Fothergill, M., D.A. Davies & C.T. Morgan (2001). Extensification of grassland use in Welsh uplands: sheep performance in years 1-6. Grass and Forage Science, 56, 105-117.
23. Gerowitt, B., J. Isselstein & R. Marggraf (2003). Rewards for ecological goods-requirements and perspectives for agricultural land use. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 98. 541-547.
24. Gray, A.J. (2002). The evolutionary context: a species perspective. In: M.R. Perrow & A.J. Davy (eds.) Handbook of ecological restoration, Volume 1, Principles of Restoration. Cambridge University Press, 66-80.
25. Grubb, P.J. (1977). The maintenance of species-richness in plant communities: the importance of the regeneration niche. Biological Review, 52, 107-145
26. Hector, A., B. Schmid, C. Beierkuhnlein & the BIODEPTH project (1999). Plant diversity and productivity experiments in European grasslands. Science, 286, 1123-1127.
27. Hellström, K., A.P. Huhta, P. Rautio, J. Tuomi, J. Oksanen & K. Laine (2005). Use of sheep grazing in the restoration of semi-natural meadows in northern Finland. Applied Vegetation Science, (in press).
28. Hofmann, M. & J. Isselstein (2004a). Seedling recruitment on agriculturally improved mesic grassland: the influence of disturbance and management. Applied Vegetation Science, 7, 193-200.
29. Hofmann, M. & J. Isselstein (2004b). Effects of drought and competition by a rygrass sward on the seedling growth of a range of grassland species. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 190, 277-286.
30. Hofmann, M. & J. Isselstein (2005). Species enrichment in an agricultural improved grassland and its effects on botanical composition, yield and forage quality. Grass and Forage Science, (in press).
31. Hofmann, M., N. Kowarsch, S. Bonn & J. Isselstein (2001). Management for biodiversity and consequences for grassland productivity. Grassland Science in Europe, 6, 113-116.
32. Hopkins, A. (ed.) (2000). Grass-its production and utilization. Blackwell Science, 3rd edition, 440pp.
33. Hopkins, A., R.F. Pywell, S. Peel, R.H. Johnson & P.J. Bowling (1999). Enhancement of botanical diversity of permanent grassland and impact on hay production in Environmentally Sensitive Areas in the UK. Grass and Forage Science, 54, 163-173.
34. Isselstein, J., M. Benke & C. Hermanspahn (2001). Bewirtschaftung von Niedermoorgrünland unter Naturschutzauflagen (Management of peat grasslands under nature conservation schemes). Landnutzung und Landentwicklung, 6, 264-267.
35. Isselstein, J., J.R.B. Tallowin & R.E.N. Smith (2002). Factors affecting seed germination and seedling establishment of fen-meadow species. Restoration Ecology, 10, 173-184.
36. Isselstein, J., O. Correll, J. Strodthoff, G. Zhao & M. Hofmann (2003). Variability of sward structure and plant species composition of pastures at low stocking rates. Grassland Science in Europe, 8, 606-609.
37. Isselstein, J., B.A. Griffith, P. Pradel & S. Venerus (2004). Effects of livestock breed and stocking rate on sustainable grazing systems: 3. agronomic potential. Grassland Science in Europe, 9, 620-622.
38. Isselstein, J., N. Kowarsch, S. Bonn & M. Hofmann (2005). The effect of sheep grazing at two stocking rates on the seedling recruitment of grassland forbs. In: Proceedings of the XX International Grassland Congress, Dublin, offered paper (in press).
39. Janssens, F., A. Peeters, J.R.B. Tallowin, J.P. Bakker, R.M. Bekke, F. Fillat & M.J.M. Oomes (1998). Relationship between soil chemical factors and grassland diversity. Plant and Soil, 202, 69-78.
40. Jeangros, B. & C. Bertola (2002). Long-term evolution of an intensively managed meadow after cessation of fertilisation and reduction of cutting frequency. Grassland Science in Europe, 7, 794-795.
41. Jeangros, B. & P. Thomet (2004). Multi-functionality of grassland systems in Switzerland. Grassland Science in Europe, 9, 11-23.
42. Jeanneret, Ph., L. Pfiffner, S. Pozzi & T. Walter (2004). Impact of low input meadows on arthropod diversity at habitat and landscape scale. Grassland Science in Europe, 9, 237-239.
43. Keller, M. & J. Kollmann (1999). Effects of seed provenance on germination of herbs for agricultural compensation sites. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 72, 87-99.
44. Keller, M., J. Kollmann, & P.J. Edwards (2000). Genetic introgression from distant provenances reduces fitness in local weed populations. Journal of Applied Ecology, 37, 647-659.
45. Kleijn, D. & W.J. Sutherland (2003). How effective are European agri-environmental schemes in conserving and promoting biodiversity? Journal of Applied Ecology, 40, 947-969.
46. Knops, J.M.H., D. Tilman, N.M. Haddad, S. Naeem, C.E. Mitchell, J. Haarstad, M.E. Ritchie, K.M. Howe, P.B. Reich, E. Siemann & J. Groth J (1999). Effects of plant species richness on invasion dynamics, disease outbreaks, insect abundances and diversity. Ecology Letters, 2, 286-293.
47. Koch, B. & G. Masé (2001). Extensivierung von intensiv bewirtschaftetem Grasland (Extensification of formerly intensively managed grasslands). Schriftenreihe der FAL, 39, 61-68.
48. Kruess, A. & T. Tscharntke (2002). Grazing intensity and the diversity of grasshoppers, butterflies, and trapnesting bees and wasps. Conservation Biology, 16, 1570-1580.
49. Lindborg, R. & O. Eriksson (2004). Effects of restoration on plant species richness and composition in Scandinavian semi-natural grasslands. Restoration Ecology, 12, 318-326.
50. Loreau, M. (2000). Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: recent theoretical advances. Oikos, 91, 3-17.
51. Loreau, M., S. Naeem, P. Inchausti, J. Bengtsson, J.P. Grime, A. Hector, D.U. Hooper, M.A. Huston, D. Raffaelli, B. Schmid, D. Tilman & D.A. Wardle (2001). Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: current knowledge and future challenges. Science, 294, 804-808.
52. Losvik, M.H. & I. Austad (2002). Species introduction through seeds from an old, species-rich hay meadow: effects of management. Applied Vegetation Science, 5, 185-194.
53. Marriott, C.A., M. Fothergill, B. Jeangros, M. Scotton & F. Louault (2004). Long-term impacts of extensification of grassland management on biodiversity and productivity in upland areas. A review. Agronomie, 24, 447-461.
54. Matejkova, I., R. van Diggelen & K. Prach (2003). An attempt to restore a central European species-rich mountain grassland through grazing. Applied Vegetation Science, 6, 161-168.
55. Matus, G., R. Verhagen, R.M. Bekker & A.P. Grootjans (2003). Restoration of the Cirsio dissecti-Molinietum in The Netherlands: can we rely on soil seed banks? Applied Vegetation Science, 6, 73-84.
56. Minns, A., J. Finn, A. Hector, M. Caldeira, J. Joshi, C. Palmborg, B. Schmid, M. Scherer-Lorenzen, E. Spehn & A. Troumbis (2001). The functioning of European grassland ecosystems: potential benefits of biodiversity to agriculture. Outlook on Agriculture, 30, 179-185.
57. Muller, S., T. Dutoit, D. Alard & F. Grevilliot (1998). Restoration and rehabilitation of species-rich grassland ecosystems in France: a review. Restoration Ecology, 6, 94-101.
58. Nösberger, J. & M. Rodriguez (1996). Increasing biodiversity through management. Grassland Science in Europe, 1, 949-956.
59. Oomes, M.J.M. (1990). Changes in dry matter and nutrient yields during the restoration of species-rich grassland. Journal of Vegetation Science, 1, 333-338.
60. Oomes, M.J.M. (1992). Yield and species density of grasslands during restoration management. Journal of Vegetation Science, 3, 271-274.
61. Peeters, A. & F. Janssens (1998). Species-rich grasslands: diagnostic, restoration and use in intensive livestock production systems. Grassland Science in Europe, 3, 375-393.
62. Pfisterer, A.B., J. Joshi, B. Schmid & M. Fischer (2004). Rapid decay of diversity-productivity relationships after invasion of experimental plant communities. Basic and Applied Ecology, 5, 5-14.
63. Poschlod, P., S. Kiefer, U. Tränkle, S. Fischer & S. Bonn (1998). Plant species richness in calcareous grasslands as affected by dispersability in space and time. Applied Vegetation Science, 1, 75-91.
64. Pykala, J. (2003). Effects of restoration with cattle grazing on plant species composition and richness of seminatural grasslands. Biodiversity and Conservation, 12, 2211-2226.
65. Pywell, R.F., J.M. Bullock, A. Hopkins, K.J. Walker, T.H. Sparks, M.J.W. Burke & S. Peel (2002). Restoration of species-rich grassland on arable land; assessing the limiting processes using a multi-site experiment. Journal of Applied Ecology, 39, 294-309.
66. Pywell, R.F., J.M. Bullock, K.J. Walker, S.J. Coulson, S.J. Gregory & M.J. Stevenson (2004). Facilitating grassland diversification using the hemiparasitic plant Rhinanthus minor. Journal of Applied Ecology, 41, 880-887.
67. Redecker, B., P. Finck, W. Härdtle, U. Riecken & E. Schröder (eds.) (2002). Pasture landscapes and nature conservation. Springer Verlag Berlin-Heidelberg, 435pp.
68. Reich, P.B., J. Knops, D. Tilman, J. Craine, D. Ellsworth, M. Tjoelker, T. Lee, S. Naeem, D. Wedin, D. Bahauddin, G. Hendrey, S. Jose, K. Wrage, J. Goth & W. Bengston (2001). Plant diversity enhances ecosystem responses to elevated CO2 and nitrogen deposition. Nature, 410, 809-812.
69. Robinson, R.A. & W.J. Sutherland (2002). Post-war changes in arable farming in Great Britain. Journal of Applied Ecology, 39, 157-176.
70. Rook, A.J., B. Dumont, J. Isselstein, K. Osoro, M.F. Wallis deVries, G. Parente & J. Mills (2004a). Matching type of livestock to desired biodiversity outcomes in pastures-a review. Biological Conservation, 119, 137-150.
71. Rook, A.J., M. Petit, J. Isselstein, K. Osoro, M.F. WallisdeVries, G. Parente & J. Mills (2004b). Effects of livestock breed and stocking rate on sustainable grazing systems: 1. Project description and synthesis of results. Grassland Science in Europe, 9, 572-574.
72. Rounsevell, M.D.A., F. Ewert, I. Reginster, R. Leemans & T.R. Carter (2005). Future scenarios of European agricultural land use-II. Projecting changes in cropland and grassland. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, (in press).
73. Rüegger, A. & S. Zanetti (2001). Wiesenblumensaatgut: Vermehrung, Kontrolle und Qualität (Hay meadow seed: multiplication, control and seed quality). Schriftenreihe der FAL, 39, 87-92.
74. Sala, O.E. (2001). Price put on biodiversity. Nature, 412, 34-36.
75. Sanderson, M.A., R.H. Skinner, D.J. Barker, G.R. Edwards, B.F. Tracy & D.A. Wedin (2004a). Plant species diversity and management of temperate forage and grazing land ecosystems. Crop Science, 44, 1132-1144.
76. Sanderson, M.A., K.J. Soder, N. Brzezinski, L.D. Muller, R.H. Skinner, M. Wachendorf, F. Taube & S.C. Goslee (2004b). Plant species diversity influences on forage production and performance of dairy cattle on pasture. Grassland Science in Europe, 9, 632-634.
77. Scherer-Lorenzen, M., C. Palmborg, A. Prinz & E.D. Schulze (2003). The role of plant diversity and composition for nitrate leaching in grasslands. Ecology, 86, 1539-1552.
78. Schüpbach, B., A. Grünig & T. Walter (2004). Grassland and landscape aethetics. Grassland Science in Europe, 9, 186-188.
79. Scimone, M., R.E.N. Smith, J.P. Garel & N. Sahin (2004). Effects of livestock breed and stocking rate on sustainable grazing systems: 4. short-term effects on vegetation. Grassland Science in Europe, 9, 623-625.
80. Smith, R.S., R.S. Shiel, D. Millward & P. Corkhill (2000). The interactive effects of management on the productivity and plant community structure of an upland meadow: an 8-year field trial. Journal of Applied Ecology, 37, 1029-1043.
81. Smith, R.S., R.S. Shiel, R.D. Bardgett, D. Millwards, P. Corkhill, G. Rolph, P.H. Hobbs S. Peacock (2003). Soil microbial community, fertility, vegetation and diversity as targets in the restoration management of a meadow grassland. Journal of Applied Ecology, 40, 51-64.
82. Söderstrom, B., B. Svensson, K. Vessby & A. Glimskar (2001). Plants, insects and birds in semi-natural pastures in relation to local habitat and landscape factors. Biodiversity and Conservation, 10, 1839-1863.
83. Spatz, G. (1994). Freiflächenpflege (Management of open landscapes). Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany, 296pp.
84. Stammel, B., K. Kiehl & J. Pfadenhauer (2003). Alternative management on fens: response of vegetation to grazing and mowing. Applied Vegetation Science, 6, 245-254.
85. Tallowin, J.R.B. & R.G. Jefferson (1999). Hay production from lowland semi-natural grasslands: a review of implications for livestock systems. Grass and Forage Science, 54, 99-115.
86. Tilman, D., D. Wedin & J. Knops (1996). Productivity and sustainability influenced by biodiversity in grassland ecosystems. Nature, 379, 718-720.
87. Tracy, B.F., I.J. Renne, J. Gerrish & M.A. Sanderson (2004). Effects of plant diversity on the invasion of weed species in experimental pasture communities. Basic and Applied Ecology, 5, 543-550.
88. van Diggelen, R. & R.H. Marrs (2003). Restoring plant communities-introduction. Applied Vegetation Science, 6, 106-110.
89. van Ruijven, J. & F. Berendse (2003). Positive effects of plant species diversity on productivity in the absence of legumes. Ecology Letters, 6, 170-175.
90. Vessby, K., B. Söderstrom, A. Glimskär & B. Svensson (2002). Species-richness correlations of six different taxa in Swedish seminatural grasslands. Conservation Biology, 16, 430-439.
91. Vickery, J.A., J.R.B. Tallowin, R.E. Febers, E.J. Asteraki, P.W. Atkinson, R.J. Fuller & V.K. Brown (2001). The management of lowland neutral grasslands in Britain: effects of agricultural practices on birds and their food resources. Journal of Applied Ecology, 38, 647-664.
92. Walker, K.J., P.A. Stevens, D.P. Stevens, J.O. Mountford, S.J. Manchester & R.F. Pywell (2004). The restoration and re-creation of species-rich lowland grassland on land formerly managed for intensive agriculture in the UK. Biological Conservation, 119, 1-18.
93. WallisdeVries, M.F., J.R.B. Tallowin, J.P. Dulphy, M. Sayer & E. Diana (2005). Effects of livestock breed and stocking rate on sustainable grazing systems: butterfly diversity and abundance. Grassland Science in Europe, 10, (in press).
94. Walter, T., F. Herzog, S. Birrer, S. Dreier, M. Hunziker, Ph. Jeanneret, A. Lüscher, B. Peter, L. Pfiffner & M. Spiess (2004). Effects of ecological compensation areas on species diversity in the Swiss grassland-an overview. Grassland Science in Europe, 9, 171-173.
95. Wardle, D.A. (1999). Is 'sampling effect' a problem for experiments investigating biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships. Oikos, 87, 403-407.
96. Wardle, D.A., R.D. Bardgett, J.N. Klironomos, H. Setala, W.H. van der Putten, D.H. Wall (2004). Ecological linkages between aboveground and belowground biota. Science, 304, 1629-1633.
97. Whitehead, D.C. (1995). Grassland nitrogen. CAB International, Wallingfort, UK, 416pp.