Species introduction through seeds from an old, species-rich hay meadow: Effects of management

Applied Vegetation Science

Volumn 5, Issue 2, 2002, Pages 185-194

  Losvik, M H ^a   Austad, I ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BERGEN   (Norway)

^b WESTERN NORWAY UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES   (Norway)

Author keywords

Indicators; Local seed; Seed mixture; Semi natural grassland

Indexed keywords

HOLCUS; HOLCUS LANATUS;

EID: 0036996188     PISSN: 14022001     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1654-109X.2002.tb00548.x     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Bakker, J.P. 1989. Nature management by grazing and cutting. Kluwer, Dordrecht, NL.
2. Bekker, R.M., Verweij, G.L., Smith, R.E.N., Reine, R., Bakker, J.P. & Schneider, S. 1997. Soil seed banks in European grasslands: does land use affect regeneration perspectives? J. Appl. Ecol. 34: 1293-1310.
3. Bignal, E.M. & McCracken, D. I. 1996. Low-intensity farming systems in the conservation of the countryside. J. Appl. Ecol. 33: 413-424.
4. Bullock, J.M., Clear Hill, B., Dale, M.P. & Silvertown, J. 1994. An experimental study of the effects of sheep grazing on vegetation change in a species-poor grassland and the role of seedling recruitment into gaps. J. Appl. Ecol. 31: 493-507.
5. Chapman, R. & Younger, A. 1993. Recruitment of non-sown species into a species-rich grassland established on a restored site. In: Haggar, R.J. & Peel, S. (eds.) Grassland management and nature conservation, pp. 250-251. Occasional Symposium No. 28, BGS, Aberystwyth, UK.
6. Duffey, E., Morris, M.G., Sheail, J., Ward, L.K., Wells, D.A. & Wells, T.C.E. 1971. Grassland ecology and wildlife management. Chapman & Hall, London, UK.
7. During, H.J. & Willems, J.H. 1984. Diversity models applied to a chalk grassland. Vegetatio 57: 103-114.
8. Elberse, W.T., van den Bergh, J.P. & Dirven, J.G.P. 1983. Effects of use and mineral supply on the botanical composition and yield of old grassland on heavy-soil. Neth. J. Agric. Sci. 31: 63-88.
9. Fojt, W. & Harding, M. 1995. Thirty years of change in the vegetation communities of three valley mires in Suffolk, England. J. Appl. Ecol. 32: 561-577.
10. Fuller, R.M. 1987. The changing extent and conservation interest of lowland grasslands in England and Wales: a review of grassland surveys 1930-1984. Biol. Conserv. 40: 281-300.
11. Gibson, C.W.D., Watt, T.A. & Brown, V.K. 1987. The use of sheep grazing to recreate species-rich grassland from abandoned arable land. Biol. Conserv. 42: 165-183.
12. Gilbert, O.L. & Anderson, P. 1998. Habitat creation and repair. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, UK.
13. Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G. & Hunt, R. 1990. The abridged comparative plant ecology. Unwin Hyman, London, UK.
14. Hill, M.O. 1979. DECORANA - a Fortran program for detrended correspondence analysis and reciprocal averaging. Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, NY.
15. Hill, M.O. & Gauch, H.G., Jr. 1980. Detrended correspondence analysis: An improved ordination technique. Vegetatio 42: 47-52.
16. Hopkins, A. & Weinright, J. 1989. Changes in botanical composition and agricultural management of enclosed grassland in upland areas of England and Wales, 1970-1986, and some conservation implications. Biol. Conserv. 47: 219-235.
17. Huston, M.A. 1994. Biological diversity. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, UK.
18. Ihse, M. 1995. Swedish agricultural landscapes - patterns and changes during the last 50 years, studied by aerial photos. Landscape Urban Plann. 31: 21-37.
19. Johnson, N. C. 1993. Can fertilization of soil select less mutualistic mycorrhizae? Ecol. Appl. 3: 749-757.
20. Keymer, K. & Leach, S.J. 1990. Calcareous grasslands - a limited resource in Britain. In: Hillier, S.H., Walton, D. W.H. & Wells, D.A. (eds.) Calcareous grasslands: ecology and management, pp. 11-20. Bluntisham Books, Bluntisham, Huntingdon, UK.
21. Lid, J. & Lid, D.T. 1994. Norsk flora. Det Norske Samlaget. Oslo.
22. Losvik, M.H. 1988. Økologisk-historiske studier av kulturavhengig vegetasjon i Hordaland. Thesis 2, University of Bergen, NO.
23. Losvik, M.H. 1993. Hay meadow communities in western Norway and relations between vegetation and environmental factors. Nord. J. Bot. 13: 195-206.
24. Losvik, M.H. 1996a. Consequences of agricultural land use changes in western Norway. In: Jongman, R.H.G. (ed.) Ecological and landscape consequences of land use change in Europe, pp. 155-167. Proceedings ECNC seminar 16.-18.2. 1995, Tilburg, NL.
25. Losvik, M.H. 1996b. Refinds of grassland species in Hordaland and Sogn. Blyttia 54: 47-59.
26. Losvik, M.H. 1999. Plant species diversity in an old, traditionally managed hay meadow compared to abandoned hay meadows in south west Norway. Nord. J. Bot. 19: 473-487.
27. McDonald, A.W. 1992. Succession in a three-year-old flood-meadow near Oxford. Aspects Appl. Biol. 29: 345-351.
28. McDonald, A.W. 1993. The role of seedbank and sown seeds in the restoration of an English flood-meadow. J. Veg. Sci. 4: 395-400.
29. McDonald, A.W., Bakker, J.P. & Vegelin, K. 1996. Seed bank classification and its importance for the restoration of species-rich flood-meadows. J. Veg. Sci. 7: 157-164.
30. Pfadenhauer, J. & Maas, D. 1987. Samenpotential in Niedermoorböden des Alpenvorlandes bei Grünlandnutzung unterschiedlicher Intensität. Flora 179: 85-97.
31. Rosenzweig, M.L. 1995. Species diversity in space and time. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
32. Silvertown, J. 1980. The dynamics of a grassland ecosystem: botanical equilibrium in the Park grass experiment. J. Appl. Ecol. 17: 491-504.
33. Smith, H., Feber, R.E. & MacDonald, D.W. 1994. The role of wild flower seed mixtures in field margin restoration. In: Field margins - integrating agriculture and conservation, pp. 289-294. BCPC Monograph 58. BCPC Publications, Farnham, UK.
34. ter Braak, C.J.F. 1987. CANOCO - a Fortran program for canonical community ordination by (partial) (detrended) (canonical) correspondence analysis, principal components analysis and redundancy analysis (Version 2.1). Agricultural Mathematics Group, Wageningen, NL.
35. ter Braak, C.J.F. 1990. Update notes: CANOCO version 3.10. Agricultural Mathematics group, Wageningen, NL.
36. Thompson, K., Bakker, J.P. & Bekker, R.M. 1997. Soil seed banks of North-West Europe: Methodology, density and longevity. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
37. Tilman, D. 1993. Species richness of experimental productivity gradients: how important is colonisation limitation? Ecology 74: 2179-2191.
38. Traczyk, T. & Kotowska, J. 1976. The effect of mineral fertilisation on plant succession of a meadow. Pol. Ecol. Stud. 2: 75-84.
39. van der Heijden, M.G.A., Klironomos, J.N., Ursic, M., Moutoglis, P., Streitwolf-Engel, R., Boller, T., Wiemken, A. & Sanders, I.R. 1998a. Mycorrhizal fungal diversity determines plant biodiversity, ecosystem variability and productivity. Nature 396: 69-72.
40. van der Heijden, M.G.A., Boller, T., Wiemken, A. & Sanders, I.R. 1998b. Different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species are potential determinants of plant community structure. Ecology 79: 2082-2091.
41. van Dijk, G. 1991. The status of semi-natural grasslands in Europe. In: Goriup, P.D., Batten, L.A. & Norton, J.A. (eds.) The conservation of lowland dry grassland birds in Europe, pp. 15-36. Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough, UK.
42. Watt, T.A. & Gibson, W.D., 1988. The effects of sheep grazing on seedling establishment and survival in grassland. Vegetatio 78: 91-98.
43. Willems, J.H. 1990. Calcareous grasslands in continental Europe. In: Hillier, S.H., Walton, D.W.H. & Wells, D.A. (eds.) Calcareous grasslands: ecology and management. pp. 11-20. Bluntisham Books, Bluntisham, Huntingdon, UK.
44. Willis, A.J. 1963. Braunton Burrows: The effects on the vegetation of the addition of mineral nutrients to the dune soils. J. Ecol. 51: 353-374.
45. Wilson, P.J. 1993. Potential for restoration of species-rich grasslands on set-aside arable land. In: Haggar, R.J. & Peel, S. (eds.) Grassland management and nature conservation, p. 318. Occasional Symposium No. 28, BGS, Aberystwyth, UK.