A resampling approach for evaluating effects of pasture abandonment on subalpine plant species diversity

Journal of Vegetation Science

Volumn 14, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 243-252

  Dullinger, Stefan ^a   Dirnböck, Thomas ^b   Greimler, Josef ^a   Grabherr, Georg ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA   (Austria)

^b ENVIRONMENT AGENCY AUSTRIA   (Austria)

Author keywords

Biodiversity; Conservation; Geographical Information System; Grazing; High mountain summer farming; Land use history; Northern Calcareous Alps; Scale; Succession

Indexed keywords

CALCAREOUS GRASSLAND; CONSERVATION; DISTURBANCE; GRAZING MANAGEMENT; SPECIES DIVERSITY; SUBALPINE ENVIRONMENT; VASCULAR PLANT;

EUROPE;

ANIMALIA; BOS TAURUS; TRACHEOPHYTA;

EID: 0037745093     PISSN: 11009233     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2003.tb02149.x     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Adler, W., Oswald, K. & Fischer, R. 1994. Exkursionsflora für Österreich. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, DE.
2. Auerbach, M. & Shmida, A. 1987. Spatial scale and the determinants of plant species richness. Trends Ecol. Evol. 2: 238-242.
3. Austrheim, G. & Eriksson, O. 2001. Plant species diversity and grazing in the Scandinavian mountains - patterns and processes and different scales. Ecography 24: 683-695.
4. Austrheim, G., Gunilla, E., Olsson, A. & Grontvedt, E. 1998. Land-use impact on plant communities in semi-natural subalpine grasslands of Budalen, central Norway. Biol. Conserv. 87: 369-379.
5. Balmer, O. & Erhardt, A. 2000. Consequences of succession on extensively grazed grasslands for central European butterfly communities: rethinking conservation practices. Conserv. Biol. 14: 746-757.
6. Barbaro, L., Dutoit, T. & Cozic, P. 2001. A six year experimental restoration of biodiversity by shrub-clearing and grazing in calcareous grasslands of the French Prealps, Biodivers. and Conserv. 10: 119-135.
7. Bätzing, W. 1991. Die Alpen. Entstehung und Gefährdung einer europäischen Kulturlandschaft. C.H. Beck, München, DE.
8. Bobbink, R. & Willems, J.H. 1993. Restoration management of abandoned chalk grassland in the Netherlands. Biodivers. Conserv. 2: 616-626.
9. Braun-Blanquet, J. 1964. Pflanzensoziologie. 3rd. ed. Springer, Wien, AT.
10. Callaway, R.M., Brooker, R.W., Choler, P., Kikvidze, Z., Lortie, C.J., Michalet, R., Paolino, L., Pugnaire, F.I., Newingham, B., Aschehoug, E.T., Armas, C., Kikodze, D. & Cook, B.J. 2002. Positive interactions among alpine plants increase with stress. Nature 417: 844-848.
11. Chaneton, E.J. & Facelli, J.M. 1991. Disturbance effects on plant community diversity: spatial scales and dominance hierarchies. Vegetatio 93: 143-155.
12. Connell, J.H. 1978. Diversity in tropical rainforests and coral reefs. Science 199: 1302-1310.
13. Cornell, H.V. & Karlson, R.H. 1997. Local and regional processes as controls of species richness. In: Tilman, D. & Kareiva, P. (eds.) Spatial ecology, pp. 250-270. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, US.
14. Collins, S.L., Knapp, A.K., Briggs, J.M., Blair, J.M. & Steinauer, E.M. 1998. Modulation of diversity by grazing and mowing in native tallgrass prairie. Science 280: 745-747.
15. Crawley, M.J. & Harral, J.E. 2001. Scale dependence in plant biodiversity. Science 291: 864-868.
16. Dierschke, H. 1994. Pflanzensoziologie. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, DE.
17. Dirnböck, T. & Grabherr, G. 2000. GIS assessment of vegetation and hydrological change in a high mountain catchment of the Northern Limestone Alps. Mountain Res. Devel. 20: 172-179.
18. Dirnböck, T., Dullinger, S. & Grabherr, G. In press. A regional impact assessment of climate and land use change on alpine vegetation. J. Biogeography.
19. Dubayah, R. & Rich, P.M. 1996. GIS-based solar radiation modeling. In: Goodchild, M.F., Steyaert, L.T. & Parks, B.O. (eds.) GIS and Environmental modeling, pp. 129-134. Wiley, New York, NY, US.
20. Ellenberg, H. 1988. Vegetation ecology of central Europe. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
21. Ellenberg, H. 1974. Zeigerwerte der Gefäßpflanzen Mitteleuropas. 2nd. ed. Scripta Geobot. 11: 1-122.
22. Ellmauer, T. & Mucina, L. 1993. Molinio-Arrhenatheretea. In: Mucina, L., Grabherr, G. & Ellmauer, T. 1993 (eds.) Die Pflanzengesellschaften Österreichs. Teil I, pp. 297-401. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena, DE.
23. Gallant, J.C. & Wilson, J.P. 1996. Tapes-G: a grid based terrain analysis program for the environmental science. Computers Geosci. 22: 713-722.
24. Gaston, K.J. 2000. Global patterns in biodiversity. Nature 405: 220-227.
25. Gigon, A. & Leutert, A. 1996. The dynamic keyhole-key model of coexistence to explain diversity of plants in limestone and other grasslands. J. Veg. Sci. 7: 29-40.
26. Grabherr, G. 1997. The high mountain ecosystems of the Alps. In: Wielgolaski, F.E. (ed.) Ecosystems of the World, Vol. 3, Polar and Alpine Tundra, pp. 97-122. Elsevier, Amsterdam, NL.
27. Grabherr, G. & Mucina, L. 1993. Die Pflanzengesellschaften Österreichs. Teil II. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena, DE.
28. Grime, J.P. 2001. Plant strategies, vegetation processes, and ecosystem properties. 2nd. ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY.
29. Hartman, M.D., Baron, J.S., Lammers, R.B., Cline, D.W., Band, L.E., Liston, G.E. & Tague, C. 1999. Simulation of snow distribution and hydrology in a mountain basin. Water Resources Res. 35: 1587-1603.
30. Huntly, N. 1991. Herbivores and the dynamics of communities and ecosystems. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 22: 477-503.
31. Huston, M.A. 1994. Biological diversity. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
32. Huston, M.A. 1999. Local processes and regional patterns: Appropriate scales for understanding variation in the diversity of plants and animals. Oikos 93: 393-401.
33. Kaufmann, L. & Rousseeuw, P.J. 1990. Finding groups in data: An introduction to cluster analysis. Wiley, New York, NY, US.
34. Körner, C. 1999. Alpine plant life. Springer, Berlin, DE.
35. Kral, F. 1970. Pollenanalytische Untersuchungen zur Waldgeschichte des Dachsteinmassivs. University for Agricultural Sciences, Vienna, AT.
36. Kull, K. & Zobel, M. 1991. High species richness in an Estonian wooded meadow. J. Veg. Sci. 2: 715-718.
37. Lubchenco, J. 1978. Plant species diversity in a marine intertidal community: importance of herbivore food preferences and algal competitive abilities. Am. Nat. 112: 23-39.
38. Luick, R. 1998. Ecological and socio-economic implications of livestock-keeping systems on extensive grasslands in south-western Germany. J. Appl. Ecol. 35: 979-982.
39. Magurran, A.E. 1988. Ecological diversity and its measurement. Chapman & Hall, London, DE.
40. Messerli, B. & Ives, J.D. 1997. Mountains of the world. The Parthenon Publishing Group, New York, NY, US.
41. Milchunas, D.G. & Lauenroth, W.K. 1993. Quantitative effects of grazing on vegetation and soils over a global range of environments. Ecol. Monogr. 63: 327-366.
42. Milchunas, D.G., Lauenroth, W.K. & Burke, I.C. 1998. Livestock grazing: animal and plant biodiversity of shortgrass steppe and the relationship to ecosystem function. Oikos 83: 65-74.
43. Moore, I.D., Gessler, P.E., Nielsen, G.A. & Peterson, G.A. 1993. Soil attribute prediction using terrain analysis. Soil Sci. Amer. 57: 443-452.
44. Mucina, L. & Karner, P. 1993. Mulgedio-Aconitetea. In: Grabherr, G. & Mucina, L. (eds.) Die Pflanzengesellschaften Österreichs. Teil II, pp. 468-505. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena, DE.
45. Mucina, L., Grabherr, G. & Ellmauer, T. 1993. Die Pflanzengesellschaften Österreichs. Teil I. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena, DE.
46. Mucina, L., Grabherr, G. & Wallnöfer, S. 1993. Die Pflanzengesellschaften Österreichs. Teil III. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena, DE.
47. Niemelä, J. & Baur, B. 1998. Threatened species in a vanishing habitat: plants and invertebrates in calcareous grasslands in the Swiss Jura mountains. Biodivers. Conserv. 7: 1407-1416.
48. Olff, H. & Ritchie, M.E. 1998. Effects of herbivores on grassland plant species diversity. Trends Ecol. Evol. 13: 261-265.
49. Pacala, S.W. & Crawley, M.J. 1992. Herbivores and plant diversity. Am. Nat. 140: 243-260.
50. Palmer, M.W. & White, P.S. 1994. Scale dependence and the species-area relationship. Am. Nat. 144: 717-740.
51. Pärt, T. & Söderström, B. 1999. Conservation value of semi-natural pastures in Sweden: contrasting botanical and avian measures. Conserv. Biol. 13: 755-765.
52. Plachter, H. 1991. Naturschutz. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena, DE.
53. Pykälä, J. 2000. Mitigating human effects on European biodiversity through traditional animal husbandry. Conserv. Biol. 14: 705-712.
54. Rahbek, C. & Graves, G.R. 2000. Detection of macro-ecological patterns in South American hummingbirds is affected by spatial scale. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 267: 2259-2265.
55. Rambo, J.L. & Fateh, S.H. 1999. Effect of vertebrate grazing on plant and insect community structure. Conserv. Biol. 13: 1047-1054.
56. Ricklefs, R.E. 1987. Community diversity: relative roles of local and regional processes. Science 235: 165-171.
57. Rosenzweig, M.L. 1995. Species diversity in space and time. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
58. Rusch, G.M. & Oesterheld, M. 1997. Relationship between productivity, and species and functional group diversity in grazed and non-grazed Pampas grassland. Oikos 78: 519-526.
59. Selvin, S. 1998. Modern applied biostatistical methods using S-Plus. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
60. Shurin, J.B. & Allen, E.G. 2001. Effects of competition, predation, and dispersal on species richness at local and regional scales. Am. Nat. 158: 624-637.
61. Sternberg, M., Gutman, M., Perevolotsky, A., Ungar, D. & Kigel, J. 2000. Vegetation response to grazing management in a mediterranean herbaceous community: a functional group approach. J. Appl. Ecol. 37: 224-237.
62. Stone, P.B. 1992. The state of the world's mountains. Zed Books, London, UK.
63. Weiher, E. 1999. The combined effect of scale and productivity on species richness. J. Ecol. 87: 1005-1011.
64. Weiher, E., van der Werf, A., Thompson, K., Roderick, M., Garnier, E. & Erikson, O. 1999. Challenging Theophrastus: A common core list of plant traits for functional ecology. J. Veg. Sci. 10: 609-620.
65. Westhoff, V. & van der Maarel, E. 1973. The Braun-Blanquet approach. In: Witthaker, R.H. (ed.) Ordination and classification of communities, pp. 617-627. Junk, The Hague, NL.
66. Whittaker, R., Willis, K. & Field, R. 2001. Scale and species richness: towards a general, hierarchical theory of species diversity. J. Biogeogr. 28: 453-470.
67. Wildi, O. & Schütz, M. 2000. Reconstruction of a long-term recovery process from pasture to forest. Community Ecology 1: 25-32.
68. Zervas, G. 1998. Quantifying and optimizing grazing regimes in Greek mountain systems. J. Appl. Ecol. 35: 983-986.
69. Zhang, W. 1998. Changes in species diversity and canopy cover in steppe vegetation in Inner Mongolia under protection from grazing. Biodivers. Conserv. 7: 1365-1381.
70. Zukrigl, K. 1973. Montane und subalpine Waldgesellschaften am Alpenostrand. Mitt. Forstl. Bundesversuchsanst. Wien 101: 1-387.
71. Zwittkovits, F. 1974. Die Almen Österreichs. Selbstverlag, Zillingdorf, at.