Glypican 3: A novel marker in testicular germ cell tumors

American Journal of Surgical Pathology

Volumn 30, Issue 12, 2006, Pages 1570-1575

  Zynger, Debra L ^a   Dimov, Nikolay D ^a   Luan, Chunyan ^a   Tean Teh, Bin ^b   Yang, Ximing J ^a,c  

^a NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b VAN ANDEL RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^c NORTHWESTERN MEMORIAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

Germ cell tumors; Glypican 3; GPC3; Testis; Yolk sac tumor

Indexed keywords

GLYPICAN; GLYPICAN 3; MEMBRANE PROTEIN; ONCOFETAL ANTIGEN; PROTEOHEPARAN SULFATE; TUMOR MARKER; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL GROWTH; CHORIOCARCINOMA; CONTROLLED STUDY; DNA MICROARRAY; EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT; EMBRYONAL CARCINOMA; GENE MUTATION; GENE OVEREXPRESSION; GENETIC RISK; GERM CELL TUMOR; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; IMMUNOREACTIVITY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; NON SEMINOMATOUS GERMINOMA; PROTEIN FUNCTION; QUANTITATIVE DIAGNOSIS; SEMINOMA; SIMPSON GOLABI BEHMEL SYNDROME; TERATOMA; TESTIS; TISSUE GROWTH; TUMOR DIAGNOSIS; TUMOR GROWTH; YOLK SAC TUMOR;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT; GLYPICANS; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NEOPLASM STAGING; NEOPLASMS, GERM CELL AND EMBRYONAL; TESTICULAR NEOPLASMS; TUMOR MARKERS, BIOLOGICAL;

EID: 33751343385     PISSN: 01475185     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.pas.0000213322.89670.48     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Baer C, Nees M, Breit S, et al. Profiling and functional annotation of mRNA gene expression in pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma. Int J Cancer. 2004;110:687-694.
2. Cano-Gauci DF, Song HH, Yang H, et al. Glypican-3-deficient mice exhibit developmental overgrowth and some of the abnormalities typical of Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome. J Cell Biol. 1999;146:255-264.
3. Capurro M, Wanless IR, Sherman M, et al. Glypican-3: a novel serum and histochemical marker for hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology. 2003;125:89-97.
4. Capurro MI, Xiang YY, Lobe C, et al. Glypican-3 promotes the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma by stimulating canonical Wnt signaling. Cancer Res. 2005;65:6245-6254.
5. Chaganti RS, Houldsworth J. Genetics and biology of adult human male germ cell tumors. Cancer Res. 2000;60:1475-1482.
6. De Cat B, David G. Developmental roles of the glypicans. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2001;12:117-125.
7. de Graaff WE, Oosterhuis JW, de Jong B, et al. Cytogenetic analysis of the mature teratoma and the choriocarcinoma component of a testicular mixed nonseminomatous germ cell tumor. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 1992;61:67-73.
8. Filmus J, Selleck SB. Glypicans: proteoglycans with a surprise. J Clin Invest. 2001;108:497-501.
9. Fowler JEJr, Sesterhenn I, Stutzman RE, et al. Localization of alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin to specific histologic types of nonseminomatous testicular cancer. Urology. 1983;22:649-654.
10. Freedman LS, Parkinson MC, Jones WG, et al. Histopathology in the prediction of relapse of patients with stage I testicular teratoma treated by orchidectomy alone. Lancet. 1987;2:294-298.
11. Gillan TL, Hughes R, Godbout R, et al. The Simpson-Golabi-Behmel gene, GPC3, is not involved in sporadic Wilms tumorigenesis. Am J Med Genet A. 2003;122:30-36.
12. Gillis AJ, Looijenga LH, de Jong B, et al. Clonality of combined testicular germ cell tumors of adults. Lab Invest. 1994;71:874-878.
13. Gonzalez AD, Kaya M, Shi W, et al. OCI-5/GPC3, a glypican encoded by a gene that is mutated in the Simpson-Golabi-Behmel overgrowth syndrome, induces apoptosis in a cell line-specific manner. J Cell Biol. 1998;141:1407-1414.
14. Hippo Y, Watanabe K, Watanabe A, et al. Identification of soluble NH2-terminal fragment of glypican-3 as a serological marker for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Res. 2004;64:2418-2423.
15. Hughes-Benzie RM, Hunter AG, Allanson JE, et al. Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome associated with renal dysplasia and embryonal tumor: localization of the gene to Xqcen-q21. Am J Med Genet. 1992;43:428-435.
16. Jacobsen GK, Rorth M, Osterlind K, et al. Histopathological features in stage I non-seminomatous testicular germ cell tumours correlated to relapse. Danish Testicular Cancer Study Group. Apmis. 1990;98:377-382.
17. Kernek KM, Ulbright TM, Zhang S, et al. Identical allelic losses in mature teratoma and other histologic components of malignant mixed germ cell tumors of the testis. Am J Pathol. 2003;163:2477-2484.
18. Khan S, Blackburn M, Mao DL, et al. Glypican-3 (GPC3) expression in human placenta: localization to the differentiated syncytiotrophoblast. Histol Histopathol. 2001;16:71-78.
19. Kim H, Xu GL, Borczuk AC, et al. The heparan sulfate proteoglycan GPC3 is a potential lung tumor suppressor. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2003;29:694-701.
20. Lapunzina P. Risk of tumorigenesis in overgrowth syndromes: a comprehensive review. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet. 2005;137:53-71.
21. Lapunzina P, Badia I, Galoppo C, et al. A patient with Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome and hepatocellular carcinoma. J Med Genet. 1998;35:153-156.
22. Lin H, Huber R, Schlessinger D, et al. Frequent silencing of the GPC3 gene in ovarian cancer cell lines. Cancer Res. 1999;59:807-810.
23. Mast AE, Higuchi DA, Huang ZF, et al. Glypican-3 is a binding protein on the HepG2 cell surface for tissue factor pathway inhibitor. Biochem J. 1997;327:577-583.
24. Midorikawa Y, Ishikawa S, Iwanari H, et al. Glypican-3, overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma, modulates FGF2 and BMP-7 signaling. Int J Cancer. 2003;103:455-465.
25. Mostofi FK. Tumor markers and pathology of testicular tumors. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1984;153:69-87.
26. Moul JW, McCarthy WF, Fernandez EB, et al. Percentage of embryonal carcinoma and of vascular invasion predicts pathological stage in clinical stage I nonseminomatous testicular cancer. Cancer Res. 1994;54:362-364.
27. Murthy SS, Shen T, De Rienzo A, et al. Expression of GPC3, an X-linked recessive overgrowth gene, is silenced in malignant mesothelioma. Oncogene. 2000;19:410-416.
28. Nicolai N, Miceli R, Artusi R, et al. A simple model for predicting nodal metastasis in patients with clinical stage I nonseminomatous germ cell testicular tumors undergoing retroperitoneal lymph node dissection only. J Urol. 2004;171:172-176.
29. Pellegrini M, Pilia G, Pantano S, et al. Gpc3 expression correlates with the phenotype of the Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome. Dev Dynam. 1998;213:431-439.
30. Pilia G, Hughes-Benzie RM, MacKenzie A, et al. Mutations in GPC3, a glypican gene, cause the Simpson-Golabi-Behmel overgrowth syndrome. Nat Genet. 1996;12:241-247.
31. Rothe M, Albers P, Wernert N. Loss of heterozygosity, differentiation, and clonality in microdissected male germ cell tumours. J Pathol. 1999;188:389-394.
32. Saikali Z, Sinnett D. Expression of glypican 3 (GPC3) in embryonal tumors. Int J Cancer. 2000;89:418-422.
33. Song HH, Shi W, Filmus J. OCI-5/rat glypican-3 binds to fibroblast growth factor-2 but not to insulin-like growth factor-2. J Biol Chem. 1997;272:7574-7577.
34. Song HH, Shi W, Xiang YY, et al. The loss of glypican-3 induces alterations in Wnt signaling. J Biol Chem. 2005;280:2116-2125.
35. Stenning SP, Parkinson MC, Fisher C, et al. Postchemotherapy residual masses in germ cell tumor patients: content, clinical features, and prognosis. Medical Research Council Testicular Tumour Working Party. Cancer. 1998;83:1409-1419.
36. Sugimura J, Foster RS, Cummings OW, et al. Gene expression profiling of early- and late-relapse nonseminomatous germ cell tumor and primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the testis. Clin Cancer Res. 2004;10:2368-2378.
37. Sung YK, Hwang SY, Farooq M, et al. Growth promotion of HepG2 hepatoma cells by antisense-mediated knockdown of glypican-3 is independent of insulin-like growth factor 2 signaling. Exp Mol Med. 2003;35:257-262.
38. Toretsky JA, Zitomersky NL, Eskenazi AE, et al. Glypican-3 expression in Wilms tumor and hepatoblastoma. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2001;23:496-499.
39. Ulbright TM. Germ cell tumors of the gonads: a selective review emphasizing problems in differential diagnosis, newly appreciated, and controversial issues. Mod Pathol. 2005;18(Suppl 2):S61-S79.
40. Ulbright TM, Young RH. Seminoma with tubular, microcystic, and related patterns: a study of 28 cases of unusual morphologic variants that often cause confusion with yolk sac tumor. Am J Surg Pathol. 2005;29:500-505.
41. White GR, Kelsey AM, Varley JM, et al. Somatic glypican 3 (GPC3) mutations in Wilms' tumour. Br J Cancer. 2002;86:1920-1922.
42. Wittekind C, Wichmann T, Von Kleist S. Immunohistological localization of AFP and HCG in uniformly classified testis tumors. Anticancer Res. 1983;3:327-330.
43. Xiang YY, Ladeda V, Filmus J. Glypican-3 expression is silenced in human breast cancer. Oncogene. 2001;20:7408-7412.
44. Yamauchi N, Watanabe A, Hishinuma M, et al. The glypican 3 oncofetal protein is a promising diagnostic marker for hepatocellular carcinoma. Mod Pathol. 2005;18:1591-1598.
45. Zhu ZW, Friess H, Wang L, et al. Enhanced glypican-3 expression differentiates the majority of hepatocellular carcinomas from benign hepatic disorders. Gut. 2001;48:558-564.