Are immunological mechanisms involved in colon cancer and are they possible markers for biotherapy improvement?

Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals

Volumn 21, Issue 5, 2006, Pages 468-487

  Berghella, Anna Maria ^a   Contasta, Ida ^a   Pellegrini, Patrizia ^a   Del Beato, Tiziana ^a   Adorno, Domenico ^a  

^a CNR   (Italy)

Author keywords

Cancer biotherapy; Colon cancer; Immunological mechanisms; Immunological parameters; TH1 TH2 cytokines

Indexed keywords

CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN; GAMMA INTERFERON; INTERLEUKIN 2; INTERLEUKIN 4; INTERLEUKIN 6; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA;

ARTICLE; CANCER GROWTH; CANCER IMMUNOLOGY; CANCER STAGING; CELL SPECIFICITY; CELL SUBPOPULATION; COLON CANCER; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; DISEASE MARKER; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; HUMAN TISSUE; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNOREGULATION; IN VIVO STUDY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REGULATORY MECHANISM; TH1 CELL; TH2 CELL;

ANTIGENS, CD30; CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN; CD4-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES; COLONIC NEOPLASMS; HUMANS; INTERLEUKIN-2; KILLER CELLS, NATURAL; NEOPLASM STAGING; TH1 CELLS; TH2 CELLS;

EID: 33750977857     PISSN: 10849785     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2006.21.468     Document Type: Article

References (120)

1. Bloom BR, Salgame P, Diamond B. Revisiting and revising suppressor T-cells. Immunol Today 1992;4:131.
2. + T-helper cells. Hum Immunol 2004;65(11):1328.
3. Stevens TL, Bossie A, Sanders WM, et al. Regulation of antibody isotype secretion by subsets of antigen-specific helper T-cells. Nature 1988;334:255.
4. Abehsira-Amar O, Gilbert M, Joliym M, et al. IL-4 plays a dominant role in the differential development of Tho into Th1 and Th2 cells. J Immunol 1992;148:3820.
5. Reiner SL, Waing ZE, Hatam F, et al. TH1 and TH2 cell antigen receptors in experimental leishmaniasis. Science 1993;259:1457.
6. + T-cells producing IL-2 or IL-4. J Immunol 1992;148:1031.
7. + T-cells. Immunol Rev 1991;123:209.
8. Murray JS, Madri J, Pasqualini T, et al. Functional CD4 T-cell subset interplay in an intact immune system. J Immunol 1993;150:4270.
9. Thomson A. The Cytokine Handbook. San Diego: Academic Press, 1994.
10. Kopf M, Le Gros G, Bachmann M, et al. Disruption of the murine IL-4 gene blocks Th2 cytokine responses. Nature 1993;362:245.
11. Tanaka T, Hu-Li J, Seder RA, et al. Interleukin-4 suppresses interleukin-2 and interferon gamma production by naive T-cells stimulated by accessory cell-dependent receptor engagement. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993;90:5914.
12. Daly LM, Johnson PA, Donnelly G, et al. Innate IL-10 promotes the induction of Th2 responses with plasmid DNA expressing HIV gp120. Vaccine 2005;23(7):963.
13. Banchereau J. Converging and diverging properties of human interleukin-4 and interleukin-10. Behring Inst Mitteilungen 1995;96:58.
14. Fossa SD, Aamdal S, Naume B, et al. Serum levels of cytokines and soluble cytokine receptors in patients with metastatic renal-cell carcinoma or malignant melanoma receiving IL-2/interferon-alpha combination therapy. Acta Oncol 1995;34:599.
15. Lopez M, Dilauro L, Paoletti G, et al. Sequential biochemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer using fluorouracil, folinic acid, thymopentin, and interleukin-2: Clinical and immunological effects. Ann Oncol 1995;6:1011.
16. Wasik MA, Vonderheid EC, Bigler RD, et al. Increased serum concentration of the soluble interleukin-2 receptor in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Clinical and prognostic implications. Arch Dermatol 1996;132:42.
17. Kalinski P, Vieira PL, Schuitemaker JK, et al. Prostaglandin E(2) is a selective inducer of interleukin-12 p40 (IL-12p40) production and an inhibitor of bioactive IL-12p70 heterodimer. Blood 2001;97:3466.
18. Costa GL, Sandora MR, Nakajima A, et al. Adoptive immunotherapy of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis via T-cell delivery of the IL-12 p40 subunit. J Immunol 2001;167:2379.
19. Chen L, Tourvielle B, Burns GF, et al. Interferon: A cytotoxic T-lymphocyte differentiation signal. Eur J Immunol 1986;16:767.
20. Gillis S, Gillis AE, Henney CS. Monoclonal antibody directed against interleukin 2. 1. Inhibition of T-lymphocyte mitogenesis and the in vitro differentiation of alloreactive cytolytic T-cells. J Exp Med 1981;154:983.
21. Maraskovsky E, Chen WF, Shortman K. IL-2 and IFN-gamma are two necessary lymphokines in the development of cytolytic T-cells. J Immunol 1989;143:1210.
22. Wagner H, Hardt C, Rouse BT, Dissection of the proliferative and differentiative signals controlling murine cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses. J Exp Med 1982;155:1876.
23. + cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. J Immunol 1989;143:1518.
24. + precursor subpopulations. J Immunol 1992;149:2489.
25. Mule JJ, Custer MC, Travis WD, et al. Cellular mechanisms of the antitumor activity of recombinant IL-6 in mice. J Immunol 1992;148;2622.
26. Acerwenka A, Swain SL. TGF-beta1: Immunosuppressant and viability factor for T-lymphocytes. Microbes Infect 1999;15:1291.
27. Prescott SL, Dunstan JA. Immune dysregulation in allergic respiratory disease: The role of T-regulatory cells. Pulmon Pharmacol Ther 2005;18(3):217.
28. Liu HC, Yang YY, Chou YM, et al. Immunologic variables in acute mania of bipolar disorder. J Neuroimmunol 2004; 150(1-2):116.
29. Swain SL, Weinberg AD, English M, et al. IL-4 directs the development of Th2-like helper effectors. J Immunol 1990;145:3796.
30. Weinberg AD, English M, Swain SL. Distinct regulation of lymphokine production is found in fresh versus in vitro primed murine helper T-cells. J Immunol 1990;144:1800.
31. + T-cell subsets in vivo. Immunol Rev 1991;123:189.
32. + T-helper cell subsets. Curr Opin Immunol 1993;5:391.
33. Lucey DR, Clerici M, Shearer GM. Type 1 and type 2 cytokine dysregulation in human infectious, neoplastic, and inflammatory diseases. Clin Microbiol Rev 1996;9:532.
34. + T-cells in peripheral blood of colorectal cancer patients and involvement in cancer establishment and progression. Cancer Immunol Immunother 1996;42:1.
35. + human T-lymphocyte subsets. Eur J Immunol 1993;23:61.
36. Welge T, Wolf M, Jaggle C, et al. Human naïve T-cells are preferentially stimulated by crosslinking of CD3 and CD45RA with monoclonal antibodies. Cell Immunol 1993;148:218.
37. Williams ME, Lichtman AH, Abbas KA. Anti-CD3 antibody induces unresponsiveness to IL-2 in Th1 clones but not in Th2 clones. J Immunol 1990;144:1208.
38. Le Gros G, Ben-Sasson SZ, Seder R. Generation of interleukin-4 (IL-4)-producing cells in vivo and in vitro: IL-2 and IL-4 are required for in vitro generation of IL-4-producing cells. J Exp Med 1990;172:921.
39. + T-cells are important for the balance between protective and pathogenic cell-mediated immunity. J Exp Med 1994;179:589.
40. Schwarz EM, Salgame P, Bloom BR. Molecular regulation of human interleukin-2 and T-cell function by interleukin-4. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993;90:7734.
41. Scott P. IFN-gamma modulates the early development of Th1 and Th2 responses in a murine model of cutaneous leishmaniasis. J Immunol 1991;147:3149.
42. Takai Y, Waong GG, Clark SC, et al. B-cell stimulatory factor-2 is involved in the differentiation of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. J Immunol 1988;140:508.
43. - cells that make TH2 cytokines and help B-cells. Science 1993;260:1802.
44. Salgame P, Abrams JS, Clayberger C, et al. Differing lymphokine profiles of functional subsets of human CD4 and CD8 T-cell clones. Science 1991; 254:279.
45. + lymphocytes in vivo during healing, and progressive murine leishmaniasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991;88:7011.
46. - lymphocytes. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1989;51:348.
47. Berghella AM, Pellegrini P, Piancatelli D, et al. Progression mechanisms in colon cancer: Soluble interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor, IL-2 plus anti-CD3 proliferative response and tumour stage correlations. Cancer Immunol Immunother 1994;38:160.
48. Alexander JP, Kudoh S, Melsop KA, et al. T-cells infiltrating renal-cell carcinoma display a poor proliferative response even though they can produce interleukin-2 and express interleukin-2 receptors. Cancer Res 1993;53:1380.
49. Yoschino I, Yano T, Murata M, et al. Tumor-reactive T-cells accumulate in lung cancer tissues but fail to respond due to tumor cell-derived factor. Cancer Res 1992;52:775.
50. + T-cells. J Immunol 1992; 149:949.
51. + precursor subpopulations. J Immunol 1993;151:2895.
52. + cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in the absence of exogenous help. J Exp Med 1993; 177:1791.
53. McAveney KM, Cornelia LG, Lattime EC. Induction of TH1- and TH2-associated cytokine mRNA in mouse bladder following intravesical growth of the murine bladder tumor MB49 and BCG immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 1994;39:401.
54. + T-cells. J Exp Med 1993;178:1655.
55. Gajewski TF, Fitch F. Antiproliferative effect of IFN-gamma in immune regulation. 1. IFN-gamma inhibits the proliferation of Th2 but not Th1 murine helper T-lymphocyte clones. J Immunol 1998;140:4245.
56. Nagelkerken L, Gollob KJ, Tielemans M, et al. Role of transforming growth factor-beta in the preferential induction of T-helper cells of type 1 by staphylococcal enterotoxin B. Eur J Immunol 1993;23:2306.
57. Swain SL, Bradley LM, Croft M, et al. Helper T-cell subsets: Phenotype, function, and the role of lymphokines in regulating their development. Immunol Rev 1991;123:115.
58. + T-cells through IL-12 produced by Listeria-induced macrophages. Science 1993;260:547.
59. Scott P. IL-12: Initiation cytokine for cell-mediated immunity. Science 1993;260:496.
60. Rott O, Cash E, Fleischer B. Phosphodiesterase inhibitor pentoxifylline, a selective suppressor of T-helper type 1-but not type 2-associated lymphokine production, prevents induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats. Eur J Immunol 1993;23:1745.
61. Munoz E, Zubiaga AM, Merrow M, et al. Cholera toxin discriminates between T-helper 1 and -2 cells in T-cell receptor-mediated activation: Role of cAMP in T-cell proliferation. J Exp Med 1990;172:95.
62. Dummen R, Posseckert G, Sugamura K. Circulating interleukin-2 receptors are a group of multimeric proteins with immunoreactivity for interleukin-2 receptor alpha, beta, and gamma chains. J Interferon Cytokine Res 1996;16:315.
63. Rubin LA, Kurman CC, Fritz ME. Leukocytes and Host Defense. New York: Alan R. Liss, 1986:95.
64. Treiberheld S, Stewart DM, Barraclough HA, et al. Release of sIL-2R alpha from, and activation of, native human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by recombinant IL-15. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1996;80:67.
65. Berghella AM, Pellegrini P, Del Beato T, et al. Prognostic significance of immunological evaluation in colorectal cancer. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 1996;11:355.
66. Pellegrini P, Berghella AM, Del Beato T, et al. Disease stage prognostic indices in the early clinical screening of colorectal cancer patients. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 1998;13:89.
67. Bodey B, Psenko V, Lipsey AL, et al. Soluble interleukin-2 receptors in sera of children with primary malignant neoplasms. Anticancer Res 1996;16:219.
68. Berghella AM, Pellegrini, P, Del Beato, T, et al. The significance of an increase in soluble interleukin-2 receptor level in colorectal cancer and its biological regulating role in the physiological switching of the immune response cytokine network from TH1 to TH2 and back. Cancer Immunol Immunother 1998;45:241.
69. Street NE, Schumacher JH, Fong TA, et al. Heterogeneity of mouse helper T-cells. Evidence from bulk cultures and limiting dilution cloning for precursors of Th1 and Th2 cells. J Immunol 1990;144:1629.
70. Hart PH, Jones CA, Finlay Jones JJ. Monocytes cultured in cytokine-defined environments differ from freshly isolated monocytes in their responses to IL-4 and IL-10. J Leuk Biol 1995;57:909.
71. Pellegrini P, Berghella AM, Del Beato T, et al. Immunological directives for biotherapy improvement in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 1996;11:113.
72. Jothy S, Slesak B, Harlozinska A, et al. Field effect of human colon carcinoma on normal mucosa: Relevance of carcinoembryonic antigen expression. Tumor Biol 1996;17:58.
73. Sakao Y, Tomimitsu S, Takeda Y, et al. Carcinoembryonic antigen as a predictive factor for postoperative tumor relapse in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma. Eur J Cardiothoracic Surg 2004;25:520.
74. Sundblad AS, Pellicer AM, Ricci L. Carcinoembryonic antigen expression in stages I and II breast cancer: Its relationship with clinicopathologic factors. Hum Pathol 1996;27:297.
75. Soletormos G, Nielsen D, Schioler V, et al. Monitoring different stages of breast cancer using tumour markers CA 15-3, CEA, and TPA. Eur J Cancer 2004;40:481.
76. Bei R, Moretti A, Visco V, et al. Cell mediated cytotoxicity of human carcinoma cells by a monoclonal antibody (R4) recognizing the cardioembryonic antigen (CEA) and CEA-related molecules. Int J Oncol 1996;8:1127.
77. Williams AF, Barclay AN. The immunoglobulin superfamily-domains for cell-surface recognition. Ann Rev Immunol 1988;6:381.
78. Benchimol S, Fuks A, Jothy S, et al. Carcinoembryonic antigen, a human tumor marker, functions as an intercellular adhesion molecule. Cell 1989;57:327.
79. Zhou H, Fuks A, Stanners CP. Specificity of intercellular adhesion mediated by various members of the immunoglobulin supergene family. Cell Growth Diff 1990;1:209.
80. Prado BI, Laudanna AA, Carneiro CRW. Susceptibility of colorectal-carcinoma cells to natural-killer-mediated lysis: Relationship to CEA expression and degree of differentiation. Int J Cancer 1995;61:854.
81. Wagner HE, Toth CA, Steele GD, et al. Metastatic potential of human colon cancer cell lines: Relationship to cellular differentiation and carcinoembryonic antigen production. Clin Exp Metab 1992;10:25.
82. Lopezconejo T, Olmo N, Turnay J, et al. Characterization of tumorigenic sub-lines from a poorly tumorigenic human colon-adenocarcinoma cell line. Int J Cancer 1996;67(5):668.
83. Nakamura T, Tabuchi Y, Nakae S, et al. Serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels and proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling index for patients with colorectal carcinoma. Correlation with tumor progression and survival. Cancer 1996;77:1741.
84. Vogel I, Francksen H, Soeth E, et al. The carcinoembryonic antigen and its prognostic impact on immunocytologically detected intraperitoneal colorectal cancer cells. Am J Surg 2001;181(2):188.
85. Vonkleis S, Hesse Y, Kananeeh H. Comparative evaluation of four tumor markers, CA 242, CA 19/9, TPA, and CEA, in carcinomas of the colon. Anticancer Res 1996;16(4B):2325.
86. Hakim AA. Carcinoembryonic antigen, a tumor-associated glycoprotein induces defective lymphocyte function. Neoplasma 1984;31:385.
87. Pellegrini P, Berghella AM, Del Beato T, et al. The sCEA molecule suppressive role in NK and TH1 cell functions in colorectal cancer. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 1997;12:257.
88. Contasta I, Pellegrini P, Berghella AM, et al. Necessity of biotherapeutic treatments inducing TH1 cell functions in colorectal cancer. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 1996;11:373.
89. Duckett CS, Thompson CB. CD30-dependent degradation of TRAF2: Implications for negative regulation of TRAF signaling and the control of cell survival. Genes Dev 1997;11:2810.
90. + normal T-cells. Br J Haematol 2002;117(1):59.
91. Esnaults S, Benbernou N, Lavaud F, et al. Spontaneous CD30 mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from atopic patients with high IgE serum levels. Clin Exp Immunol 1996;106:67.
92. Frezzolini A, Paradisi M, Ruffelli M, et al. Soluble CD30 in pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis. Allergy 1997;52:106.
93. Rizzardi GP, Barcellini W, Tambussi G, et al. Plasma levels of soluble CD30, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and TNF receptors during primary HIV-1 infection: Correlation with HIV-1 RNA and the clinical outcome. AIDS 1996;10(13):F45.
94. Krams SM, Cao S, Hayashi M, et al. Elevations in IFN-gamma, IL-5, and IL-10 in patients with the autoimmune disease primary biliary cirrhosis: Association with autoantibodies and soluble CD30. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1996;80(3 Part 1):311.
95. Del Prete G, Maggi E, Pizzolo G, et al. CD30, Th2 cytokines, and HIV infection: A complex and fascinating link. Immunol Today 1995;16(2):76.
96. Del Beato T, Berghella AM, Pellegrini P, et al. The role of the soluble CD30 serum level in colorectal cancer: A possible marker for a patient subset which could benefit from IL-2 biotherapy. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 1997;12:297.
97. Pellegrini P, Berghella AM, Contasta I, et al. CD30 antigen: Not a physiological marker for TH2 cells but an important costimulator molecule in the regulation of the balance between TH1/TH2 response. Transpl Immunol 2003;12:49.
98. Pellegrini P, Totaro R, Contasta I, et al. CD30 antigen and multiple sclerosis: CD30, an important costimulatory molecule and marker of a regulatory subpopulation of dendritic cells, is involved in the maintenance of the physiological balance between TH1/TH2 immune responses and tolerance. Neuroimmunol 2005;12:220.
99. Berghella AM, Pellegrini P, Contasta I, et al. In: New Research on Immunology. Hauppauge NY: Nova Science Publishers, (Ed.), 2005:201.
100. Chang AE, Shu S. Immunotherapy with sensitized lymphocytes. Cancer Invest 1992;10:357.
101. Rosenberg SA, Lotze MT, Muul LM, et al. A progress report on the treatment of 157 patients with advanced cancer using lymphokine-activated killer cells and interleukin-2 or high-dose interleukin-2 alone. N Engl J Med 1987;316:889.
102. West WH, Tauer KW, Yannelli JR, et al. Constant-infusion recombinant interleukin-2 in adoptive immunotherapy of advanced cancer. N Engl J Med 1987;316:898.
103. Rosenberg SA, Lotze MT, Yang JC. Experience with the use of high-dose interleukin-2 in the treatment of 652 cancer patients. Ann Surg 1989;210:474.
104. Spiess PJ, Yang JC, Rosenberg SA. In vivo antitumor activity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes expanded in recombinant interleukin-2. J Natl Cancer Inst 1987;79:1067.
105. Sacchi M, Vitolo D, Sedlmayr P, et al. Induction of tumor regression in experimental model of human head and neck cancer by human A-LAK cells and IL-2. Int J Cancer 1991;47:784.
106. Lafreniere RL, Rosenberg SA. Adoptive immunotherapy of murine hepatic metastases with lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells and recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) can mediate the regression of both immunogenic and nonimmunogenic sarcomas and an adenocarcinoma. J Immunol 1985;135:4273.
107. Lafreniere RL, Rosenberg SA. Successful immunotherapy of murine experimental hepatic metastases with lymphokine-activated killer cells and recombinant interleukin-2. Cancer Res 1985;45(8):3735.
108. Mule JJ, Shu S, Rosenberg SA. The antitumor efficacy of lymphokine-activated killer cells and recombinant interleukin 2 in vivo. J Immunol 1985;135:646.
109. Atzpodien J, Korfer A, Franks CR, et al. Home therapy with recombinant interleukin-2 and interferon-alpha 2b in advanced human malignancies. Lancet 1990;335:1509.
110. Sleijfer D, Janssen RAJ, Willemse PHB, et al. Low-dose regimen of interleukin-2 for metastatic renal carcinoma. Lancet 1990;335:1522.
111. Sleijfer D, Janssen RAJ, Buter J, et al. Phase II study of subcutaneous interleukin-2 in unselected patients with advanced renal-cell cancer on an outpatient basis. J Clin Oncol 1992;10:1119.
112. Janssen RAJ, Mulder NH, The TH, et al. The immunobiological effects of interleukin-2 in vivo. Cancer Immunol Immunother 1994;39:207.
113. Clark JW, Smith, II, JW, Steis RG, et al. Interleukin 2 and lymphokine-activated killer cell therapy: Analysis of a bolus interleukin-2 and a continuous-infusion interleukin-2 regimen. Cancer Res 1990;50:7343.
114. Dillman RO, Oldham RK, Tauer KW, et al. Continuous interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells for advanced cancer: A National Biotherapy Study Group trial. J Clin Oncol 1991;9:1233.
115. Dutcher JP, Creekmore S, Weiss GR, et al. A phase II study of interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma. J Clin Oncol 1989;7:477.
116. Parkinson DR, Fisher RI, Rayner AA, et al. Therapy of renal-cell carcinoma with interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells: Phase II experience with a hybrid bolus and continuous-infusion interleukin-2 regimen. J Clin Oncol 1990;8:1630.
117. Parkinson DR, Abrams JS, Wiernik PH, et al. Interleukin-2 therapy in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma: A phase II study. J Clin Oncol 1990;8:1650.
118. Schoof DD, Gramolini BA, Davidson DL, et al. Adoptive immunotherapy of human cancer using low-dose recombinant interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells. Cancer Res 1988;48:5007.
119. Merchant RE, Merchant LH, Cook SHS, et al. Intralesional infusion of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells and recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) for the treatment of patients with malignant brain tumor. Neurosurgery 1988;23:725.
120. Yoshida S, Tanaka R, Takai N, et al. Local administration of autologous lymphokine-activated killer cells and recombinant interleukin-2 to patients with malignant brain tumors. Cancer Res 1988;48:5011.