Applications of a rapid endospore viability assay for monitoring UV inactivation and characterizing arctic ice cores

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Volumn 72, Issue 10, 2006, Pages 6808-6814

  Shafaat, Hannah S ^a   Ponce, Adrian ^a  

^a CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ECOLOGY; ICE; LUMINESCENCE; MICROBIOLOGY; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION;

ENDOSPORE VIABILITY ASSAY (EVA); ENDOSPORES; PHASE-CONTRAST MICROSCOPY;

BIOASSAY;

ALANINE; DIPICOLINIC ACID; ICE; TERBIUM;

GERMINATION; ICE CORE; MONITORING; SPORE; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION; VIABILITY;

ARCTIC; ARTICLE; BACILLUS; BACILLUS ATROPHAEUS; BACTERIAL COLONIZATION; BACTERIAL ENDOSPORE; BACTERIUM CULTURE; CELL VIABILITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; ENDOSPORE VIABILITY ASSAY; GEOGRAPHIC AND GEOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; ICE CORE; LUMINESCENCE; NONHUMAN; PHASE CONTRAST MICROSCOPY; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; RADIATION DOSE; SPORE GERMINATION; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION;

ARCTIC REGIONS; BACILLUS SUBTILIS; SPORES, BACTERIAL; ULTRAVIOLET RAYS;

EID: 33750066640     PISSN: 00992240     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00255-06     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Balassa, G., P. Milhaud, E. Raulet, M. T. Silva, and J. C. Sousa. 1979. A Bacillus subtilis mutant requiring dipicolinic acid for the development of heat-resistant spores. J. Gen. Microbiol. 110:365-379.
2. Blatchley, E. R., A. Meeusen, A. I. Aronson, and L. Brewster. 2005. Inactivation of Bacillus spores by ultraviolet or gamma radiation. J. Environ. Eng. 131:1245-1252.
3. Cano, R. J., and M. K. Borucki. 1995. Revival and identification of bacterial spores in 25-million-year-old to 40-million-year-old Dominican amber. Science 268:1060-1064.
4. Chattopadhyay, A., N. B. Bhatnagar, and R. Bhatnagar. 2004. Bacterial insecticidal toxins. Crit. Rev. Microbiol. 30:33-54.
5. Colwell, R., and D. Grimes. 2000. Nonculturable microorganisms in the environment. ASM Press, Washington, D.C.
6. Gest, H., and J. Mandelstam. 1987. Longevity of microorganisms in natural environments. Microbiol. Sci. 4:69-71.
7. Gould, G. W., and A. Hurst. 1969. The bacterial spore. Academic Press, New York, N.Y.
8. Hanson, R. S., H. O. Halvorson, M. V. Curry, and J. V. Garner. 1972. Mutants of Bacillus cereus strain T that produce thermoresistant spores lacking dipicolinate and have low levels of calcium. Can. J. Microbiol. 18:1139-1143.
9. Hills, G. M. 1950. Chemical factors in the germination of spore-bearing aerobes-observations on the influence of species, strain and conditions of growth. J. Gen. Microbiol. 4:38-47.
10. Hills, G. M. 1949. Chemical factors in the germination of spore-bearing aerobes-the effect of yeast extract on the germination of Bacillus anthracis and its replacement by adenosine. Biochem. J. 45:353-362.
11. Hills, G. M. 1949. Chemical factors in the germination of spore-bearing aerobes-the effects of amino-acids on the germination of Bacillus anthracis, with some observations on the relation of optical form to biological activity. Biochem. J. 45:363-370.
12. Hindle, A. A., and E. A. H. Hall. 1999. Dipicolinic acid (DPA) assay revisited and appraised for spore detection. Analyst 124:1599-1604.
13. Hoch, J. A., and R. Losick. 1997. Panspermia, spores and the Bacillus subtilis genome. Nature 390:237-238.
14. Horneck, G., H. Bucker, and G. Reitz. 1994. Long-term survival of bacterial spores in space. Adv. Space Rev. 14:41-45.
15. Janssen, F. W., A. J. Lund, and L. E. Anderson. 1958. Colorimetric assay for dipicolinic acid in bacterial spores. Science 127:26-27.
16. Jernigan, D. B., P. L. Raghunathan, B. P. Bell, R. Brechner, E. A. Bresnitz, J. C. Butler, M. Cetron, M. Cohen, T. Doyle, M. Fischer, C. Greene, K. S. Griffith, J. Guarner, J. L. Hadler, J. A. Hayslett, R. Meyer, L. R. Petersen, M. Phillips, R. Pinner, T. Popovic, C. P. Quinn, J. Reefhuis, D. Reissman, N. Rosenstein, A. Schuchat, W. J. Shieh, L. Siegal, D. L. Swerdlow, F. C. Tenover, M. Traeger, J. W. Ward, I. Weisfuse, S. Wiersma, K. Yeskey, S. Zaki, D. A. Ashford, B. A. Perkins, S. Ostroff, J. Hughes, D. Fleming, J. P. Koplan, and J. L. Gerberding. 2002. Investigation of bioterrorism-related anthrax, United States, 2001: epidemiologic findings. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 8:1019-1028.
17. Johnston, M. D., S. Lawson, and J. A. Otter. 2005. Evaluation of hydrogen peroxide vapour as a method for the decontamination of surfaces contaminated with Clostridium botulinum spores. J. Microbiol. Methods 60:403-411.
18. Jones, G., and V. I. Vullev. 2002. Medium effects on the stability of terbium(III) complexes with pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate. J. Phys. Chem. 106:8213-8222.
19. Kanemitsu, K., T. Imasaka, S. Ishikawa, H. Kunishima, H. Harigae, K. Ueno, H. Takemura, Y. Hirayama, and M. Kaku. 2005. A comparative study of ethylene oxide gas, hydrogen peroxide gas plasma, and low-temperature steam formaldehyde sterilization. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 26:486-489.
20. Kennedy, M. J., S. L. Reader, and L. M. Swierczynski. 1994. Preservation records of microorganisms-evidence of the tenacity of life. Microbiology (Reading, England) 140:2513-2529.
21. Kort, R.. A. C. O'Brien, I. H. M. van Stokkum, S. Oomes, W. Crielaard, K. J. Hellingwerf, and S. Brul. 2005. Assessment of heat resistance of bacterial spores from food product isolates by fluorescence monitoring of dipicolinic acid release. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71:3556-3564.
22. Lester, E. D., G. Bearman, and A. Ponce. 2004. A second-generation anthrax "smoke detector." IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. 23:130-135.
23. Lester, E. D., and A. Ponce. 2002. An anthrax "smoke" detector: online monitoring of aerosolized bacterial spores. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. 21:38-42.
24. Lukasova, J., J. Vyhnalkova, and Z. Pacova. 2001. Bacillus species in raw milk and in the farm environment. Milchwissenschaft 56:609-611.
25. Mamane-Gravetz, H., and K. G. Linden. 2004. UV disinfection of indigenous aerobic spores: implications for UV reactor validation in unfiltered waters. Water Res. 38:2898-2906.
26. McFarland, L. V. 1995. Epidemiology of infectious and iatrogenic nosocomial diarrhea in a cohort of general medicine patients. Am. J. Infect. Control 23:295-305.
27. McFarland, L. V., M. E. Mulligan, R. Y. Y. Kwok, and W. E. Stamm. 1989. Nosocomial acquisition of Clostridium-difficile infection. N. Engl. J. Med. 320:204-210.
28. Murray, P., E. Baron, M. Pfaller, J. Jorgensen, and R. Yolken (ed.). 2003. Manual of clinical microbiology, 8th ed., vol. 1. ASM Press, Washington, D.C.
29. Murty, G. G. K., and H. O. Halvorson. 1957. Effect of duration of heating, L-alanine and spore concentration on the oxidation of glucose by spores of Bacillus cereus var. terminalis. J. Bacteriol. 73:235-240.
30. Nicholson, W. L., and B. Galeano. 2003. UV resistance of Bacillus anthracis spores revisited: validation of Bacillus subtilis spores as UV surrogates for spores of B. anthracis Sterne. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69:1327-1330.
31. Nicholson, W. L., N. Munakata, G. Horneck, H. J. Melosh, and P. Setlow. 2000. Resistance of Bacillus endospores to extreme terrestrial and extraterrestrial environments. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 64:548-572.
32. Parsons, P. 1996. Exobiology-dusting off panspermia. Nature 383:221-222.
33. Pellegrino, P. M., N. F. Fell, D. L. Rosen, and J. B. Gillespie. 1998. Bacterial endospore detection using terbium dipicolinate photoluminescence in the presence of chemical and biological materials. Anal. Chem. 70:1755-1760.
34. Perry, J. J., and J. W. Foster. 1956. Monoethyl ester of dipicolinic acid from bacterial spores. J. Bacteriol. 72:295-300.
35. Potts, M. 1994. Desiccation tolerance of prokaryotes. Microbiol. Rev. 58:755-805.
36. Powell, J. F. 1953. Isolation of dipicolinic acid (pyridine-2-6- dicarboxylic acid) from spores of Bacillus megatherium. Biochem. J. 54:210-211.
37. Rice, J. K., and M. Ewell. 2001. Examination of peak power dependence in the UV inactivation of bacterial spores. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67:5830-5832.
38. Rogers, S. O., V. Theraisnathan, L. J. Ma, Y. Zhao, G. Zhang, S. G. Shin, J. D. Castello, and W. T. Starmer. 2004. Comparisons of protocols for decontamination of environmental ice samples for biological and molecular examinations. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70:2540-2544.
39. Rosen, D. L., C. Sharpless, and L. B. McGown. 1997. Bacterial spore detection and determination by use of terbium dipicolinate photoluminescence. Anal. Chem. 69:1082-1085.
40. Roszak, D., and R. Colwell. 1987. Survival strategies of bacteria in the natural environment. Microbiol. Rev. 51:365-379.
41. Sacks, L. E. 1990. Chemical germination of native and cation-exchanged bacterial spores with trifluoperazine. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56:1185-1187.
42. Sanderson, W. T., R. R. Stoddard, A. S. Echt, C. A. Piacitelli, D. Kim, J. Horan, M. M. Davies, R. E. McCleery, P. Muller, T. M. Schnorr, E. M. Ward, and T. R. Hales. 2004. Bacillus anthracis contamination and inhalational anthrax in a mail processing and distribution center. J. Appl. Microbiol. 96:1048-1056.
43. Setlow, B., A. E. Cowan, and P. Setlow. 2003. Germination of spores of Bacillus subtilis with dodecylamine. J. Appl. Microbiol. 95:637-648.
44. Setlow, P. 2003. Spore germination. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 6:550-556.
45. Slieman, T. A., and W. L. Nicholson. 2001. Role of dipicolinic acid in survival of Bacillus subtilis spores exposed to artificial and solar UV radiation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67:1274-1279.
46. Sneath, P. 1962. Longevity of micro-organisms. Nature 195:643-646.
47. Vreeland, R. H., W. D. Rosenzweig, and D. W. Powers. 2000. Isolation of a 250 million-year-old halotolerant bacterium from a primary salt crystal. Nature 407:897-900.
48. Weis, C. P., A. J. Intrepido, A. K. Miller, P. G. Cowin, M. A. Durno, J. S. Gebhardt, and R. Bull. 2002. Secondary aerosolization of viable Bacillus anthracis spores in a contaminated US Senate Office. JAMA 288:2853-2858.
49. Woese, C., and H. J. Morowitz. 1958. Kinetics of the release of dipicolinic acid from spores of Bacillus subtilis. J. Bacteriol. 76:81-83.
50. Zink, D. L. 1997. The impact of consumer demands and trends on food processing. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 3:467-469.