Role of Dipicolinic Acid in Survival of Bacillus subtilis Spores Exposed to Artificial and Solar UV Radiation

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Volumn 67, Issue 3, 2001, Pages 1274-1279

  Slieman, Tony A ^a,b   Nicholson, Wayne L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA   (United States)

^b MORNINGSIDE COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DIPICOLINIC ACID; PICOLINIC ACID DERIVATIVE;

ARTICLE; BACILLUS SUBTILIS; BACTERIAL SPORE; METABOLISM; PHYSIOLOGY; RADIATION EXPOSURE; SUNLIGHT; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION;

BACILLUS SUBTILIS; PICOLINIC ACIDS; SPORES, BACTERIAL; SUNLIGHT; ULTRAVIOLET RAYS;

EID: 0035289896     PISSN: 00992240     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.67.3.1274-1279.2001     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Daniel, R. A., and J. Errington. 1993. Cloning. DNA sequence, functional analysis and transcriptional regulation of the genes encoding dipicolinic acid synthetase required for sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. J. Mol. Biol. 232:468-483.
2. Driks, A., and P. Setlow. 1999. Morphogenesis and properties of the bacterial spore, p. 191-218. In Y. Brun and L. Shimkets (ed.), Prokaryotic development. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.
3. Johnstone, K. 1994. The trigger mechanism of spore germination: current concepts. J. Appl. Bacteriol. Symp. Suppl. 76:17S-24S.
4. Lindberg, C., and G. Horneck. 1991. Action spectra for survival and spore photoproduct formation of Bacillus subtilis irradiated with short-wavelength (200-300 nm) UV at atmospheric pressure and in vacuo. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol. 11:69-80.
5. Mason, J. M., R. H. Hackett, and P. Setlow. 1988. Regulation of expression of genes coding for small, acid-soluble proteins of Bacillus subtilis spores: studies using lacZ gene fusions. J. Bacteriol. 170:239-244.
6. Miller, J. H. 1972. Experiments in molecular genetics. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.
7. Moir, A., E. H. Kemp, C. Robinson, and B. M. Corfe. 1994. The genetic analysis of bacterial spore germination. J. Appl. Bacteriol. Symp. Suppl. 76:9S-16S.
8. Moir, A., E. Lafferty, and D. A. Smith. 1979. Genetic analysis of spore germination mutants of Bacillus subtilis 168: the correlation of phenotype and map location. J. Gen. Microbiol. 111:165-180.
9. Moir, A., and D. A. Smith. 1990. The genetics of bacterial spore germination. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 44:531-553.
10. Munakata, N. 1981. Killing and mutagenic action of sunlight upon Bacillus subtilis spores: a dosimetric system. Mutat. Res. 82:263-268.
11. Munakata, N., and C. S. Rupert. 1972. Genetically controlled removal of "spore photoproduct" from deoxyribonucleic acid of ultraviolet-irradiated Bacillus subtilis spores. J. Bacteriol. 111:192-198.
12. Munakata, N., and C. S. Rupert. 1974. Dark repair of DNA containing "spore photoproduct" in Bacillus subtilis. Mol. Gen. Genet. 130:239-250.
13. Munakata, N., and C. S. Rupert. 1975. Effects of DNA polymerase-defective and recombination-defective mutations on the ultraviolet sensitivity of Bacillus subtilis spores. Mutat. Res. 27:157-169.
14. Murrell, W. G. 1967. The biochemistry of the bacterial spore. Adv. Microb. Physiol. 1:133-251.
15. Murrell, W. G., and A. D. Warth. 1965. Composition and heat resistance of bacterial spores, p. 1-24. In L. L. Campbell and H. O. Halvorson (ed.), Spores III. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.
16. Nicholson, W. L., and P. Fajardo-Cavazos. 1997. DNA repair and the ultraviolet radiation resistance of bacterial spores: from the laboratory to the environment. Recent Res. Dev. Microbiol. 1:125-140.
17. Nicholson, W. L., N. Munakata, G. Horneck, H. J. Melosh, and P. Setlow. 2000. Resistance of Bacillus endospores to extreme terrestrial and extraterrestrial environments. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 64:548-572.
18. Nicholson, W. L., and P. Setlow. 1990. Sporulation, germination, and outgrowth, p. 391-450. In C. R. Harwood and S. M. Cutting (ed.), Molecular biological methods for Bacillus. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, England.
19. Paidhungat, M., B. Setlow, A. Driks, and P. Setlow. 2000. Characterization of spores of Bacillus subtilis which lack dipicolinic acid. J. Bacteriol. 182: 5505-5512.
20. Paidhungat, M., and P. Setlow. 1999. Isolation and characterization of mutations in Bacillus subtilis that allow spore germination in the novel germinant D-alanine. J. Bacteriol. 181:3341-3350.
21. Paidhungat, M., and P. Setlow. 2000. Role of Ger proteins in nutrient and nonnutrient triggering of spore germination in Bacillus subtilis. J. Bacteriol. 182:2513-2519.
22. Pedraza-Reyes, M., F. Gutiérrez-Corona, and W. L. Nicholson. 1944. Temporal regulation and forespore-specific expression of the spore photoproduct lyase gene by sigma-G RNA polymerase during Bacillus subtilis sporulation. J. Bacteriol. 176:3983-3991.
23. Piggot, P. J., C. P. Moran, Jr., and P. Youngman (ed.). 1994. Regulation of bacterial differentiation. American Soeiety for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.
24. Riesenman, P. J., and W. L. Nicholson. 2000. Role of the spore coat layers in Bacillus subtilis spore resistance to hydrogen peroxide, artificial UV-C, UV-B, and solar UV radiation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66:620-626.
25. Sammons, R. L., A. Moir, and D. A. Smith. 1981. Isolation and properties of spore germination mutants of Bacillus subtilis 168 deficient in the initiation of germination. J. Gen. Microbiol. 124:229-241.
26. Setlow, B., and P. Setlow. 1993. Dipicolinic acid greatly enhances production of spore photoproduct in bacterial spores upon UV irradiation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:640-643.
27. Setlow, B., and P. Setlow. 1996. Role of DNA repair in Bacillus subtilis spore resistance. J. Bacteriol. 178:3486-3495.
28. Setlow, P. 1988. Resistance of bacterial spores to ultraviolet light. Comments Mol. Cell. Biophys. 5:253-264.
29. Setlow, P. 1995. Mechanisms for the prevention of damage to DNA in spores of Bacillus species. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 49:29-54.
30. Setlow, P. 1999. Bacterial spore resistance, p. 217-233. In G. Storz and R. Hengge-Aronis (ed.). Bacterial stress responses. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.
31. Slieman, T. A., and W. L. Nicholson. 2000. Artificial and solar UV radiation induces strand breaks and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers in Bacillus subtilis spore DNA. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66:199-205.
32. Stragier, P., and R. Losick. 1996. Molecular genetics of sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. Annu. Rev. Genet. 30:297-341.
33. Stuy, J. H. 1956. Studies on the mechanism of radiation inactivation of microorganisms. III. Inactivation of germinating spores of Bacillus cereus. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 22:241-246.
34. Sussman, M. D., and P. Setlow. 1991. Cloning, nucleotide sequence, and regulation of the Bacillus subtilis gpr gene, which codes for the protease that initiates degradation of small, acid-soluble proteins during spore germination. J. Bacteriol. 173:291-300.
35. Urbach, F., and R. W. Gange (ed.). 1986. The biological effects of ultraviolet A radiation. Praeger Publishers, New York, N.Y.
36. Wang, T.-C. V. 1991. A simple convenient biological dosimeter for monitoring solar UV-B radiation. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 177:48-53.
37. Xue Y., and W. L. Nicholson. 1996. The two major spore DNA repair pathways, nucleotide excision repair and spore photoproduct lyase, are sufficient for the resistance of Bacillus subtilis spores to artificial UV-C and UV-B but not to solar radiation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62:2221-2227.