The IMAGE project: Methodological issues for the molecular genetic analysis of ADHD

Behavioral and Brain Functions

Volumn 2, Issue , 2006, Pages

  Kuntsi, Jonna ^a   Neale, Benjamin M ^a   Chen, Wai ^a   Faraone, Stephen V ^b   Asherson, Philip ^a  

^a KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b SUNY UPSTATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALCOHOL; ALPHA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; DOPAMINE 4 RECEPTOR; DOPAMINE 5 RECEPTOR; DOPAMINE BETA MONOOXYGENASE; DOPAMINE TRANSPORTER; SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER; SYNAPTOSOMAL ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 25;

ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION; ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER; BEHAVIOR DISORDER; BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH; BRAIN FUNCTION; COGNITION; COMORBIDITY; DIZYGOTIC TWINS; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; FAMILIAL DISEASE; FAMILY ASSESSMENT; GENE FREQUENCY; GENE FUNCTION; GENE IDENTIFICATION; GENE INTERACTION; GENE LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; GENE SEQUENCE; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; GENETIC HETEROGENEITY; GENETIC POLYMORPHISM; GENETIC RISK; GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GENOTYPE; GENOTYPE ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; HEREDITY; HERITABILITY; HUMAN; HUMAN GENOME; MATERNAL BEHAVIOR; MOLECULAR GENETICS; MONOZYGOTIC TWINS; MOTIVATION; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; NEUROTRANSMISSION; PARENTAL BEHAVIOR; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHENOTYPE; POPULATION DIFFERENTIATION; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUANTITATIVE GENETICS; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCUS MAPPING; REACTION TIME; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; WORKING MEMORY;

EID: 33748645132     PISSN: 17449081     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1744-9081-2-27     Document Type: Review

References (58)

1. Faraone SV, Perlis RH, Doyle AE, Smoller JW, Goralnick JJ, Holmgren MA, Sklar P: Molecular genetics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2005, 57(11):1313-1323.
2. Asherson P: Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in the post-genomic era. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2004, 13(Suppl 1):150-70.
3. Sham PC, Cherny SS, Purcell S, Hewitt JK: Power of linkage versus association analysis of quantitative traits, by use of variance-components models, for sibship data. Am J Hum Genet 2000, 66(5):1616-1630.
4. Freimer NB, Reus VI, Escamilla MA, McInnes LA, Spesny M, Leon P, Service SK, Smith LB, Silva S, Rojas E, Gallegos A, Meza L, Fournier E, Baharloo S, Blankenship K, Tyler DJ, Batki S, Vinogradov S, Weissenbach J, Barondes SH, Sandkuijl LA: Genetic mapping using haplotype, association and linkage methods suggests a locus for severe bipolar disorder (BPI) at 18q22-q23. Nat Genet 1996, 12(4):436-441.
5. Hastbacka J, de la Chapelle A, Kaitila I, Sistonen P, Weaver A, Lander E: Linkage disequilibrium mapping, in isolated founder populations: diastrophic dysplasia in Finland. Nat Genet 1992, 2(3):204-211.
6. Collins A, Lonjou C, Morton NE: Genetic epidemiology of single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999, 96(26):15173-15177.
7. Brookes K, Mill J, Guindalini C, Curran S, Xu X, Knight J, Huang Y-S, Sethna V, Taylor E, Chen W, Breen G, Asherson P: A common haplotype of the dopamine transporter gene associated with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder and interacting with maternal use of alcohol during pregnancy. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2006, 63(1):74-81.
8. Page GP, George V, Go RC, Page PZ, Allison DB: "Are we there yet?": Deciding when one has demonstrated specific genetic causation in complex diseases and quantitative traits. Am J Hum Genet 2003, 73(4):711-719.
9. Grady DL, Harxhi A, Smith M, Flodman P, Spence MA, Swanson JM, Moyzis RK: Sequence variants of the DRD4 gene in autism: Further evidence that rare DRD4 7R haplotypes are ADHD specific. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2005, 136(1):33-35.
10. Grady DL, Chi HC, Ding YC, Smith M, Wang E, Schuck S, Flodman P, Spence MA, Swanson JM, Moyzis RK: High prevalence of rare dopamine receptor D4 alleles in children diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2003, 8(5):536-545.
11. Wang E, Ding YC, Flodman P, Kidd JR, Kidd KK, Grady DL, Ryder OA, Spence MA, Swanson JM, Moyzis RK: The genetic architecture of selection at the human dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene locus. Am J Hum Genet 2004, 74(5):931-944.
12. Ding YC, Chi HC, Grady DL, Morishima A, Kidd JR, Kidd KK, Flodman P, Spence MA, Schuck S, Swanson JM, Zhang YP, Moyzis RK: Evidence of positive selection acting at the human dopamine receptor D4 gene locus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002, 99(1):309-314.
13. Altshuler D, Brooks LD, Chakravarti A, Collins FS, Daly MJ, Donnelly P: A haplotype map of the human genome. Nature 2005, 437(7063):1299-1320.
14. Kruglyak L: Power tools for human genetics. Nat Genet 2005, 37(12):1299-1300.
15. Syvanen AC: Toward genome-wide SNP genotyping. Nat Genet 2005, 37(Suppl):S5-10.
16. Curran S, Mill J, Tahir E, Kent L, Richards S, Gould A, Huckett L, Sharp J, Batten C, Fernando S, Ozbay F, Yazgan Y, Simonoff E, Thompson M, Taylor E, Asherson P: Association study of a dopamine transporter polymorphism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in UK and Turkish samples. Mol Psychiatry 2001, 6(4):425-428.
17. Brookes K, Xu X, Chen W, Zhou K, et al.: The analysis of 51 genes in DSM-IV combined subtype attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: association signals in DAT1, DRD4 and 16 other genes. Mol Psych 2006 in press.
18. Van Den Oord EJ, Neale BM: Will haplotype maps be useful for finding genes? Mol Psychiatry 2003, 9(3):227-36.
19. Ahmadi KR, Weale ME, Xue ZY, Soranzo N, Yarnall DP, Briley JD, Maruyama Y, Kobayashi M, Wood NW, Spurr NK, et al.: A single-nucleotide polymorphism tagging set for human drug metabolism and transport. Nat Genet 2005, 37(1):84-89.
20. Crawford DC, Carlson CS, Rieder MJ, Carrington DP, Yi Q, Smith JD, Eberle MA, Kruglyak L, Nickerson DA: Haplotype diversity across 100 candidate genes for inflammation, lipid metabolism, and blood pressure regulation in two populations. Am J Hum Genet 2004, 74(4):610-622.
21. Ke X, Durrant C, Morris AP, Hunt S, Bentley DR, Deloukas P, Cardon LR: Efficiency and consistency of haplotype tagging of dense SNP maps in multiple samples. Hum Mol Genet 2004, 13(21):2557-2565.
22. Neale BM, Sham PC: The future of association studies: gene-based analysis and replication. Am J Hum Genet 2004, 75(3):353-362.
23. Xu X, Knight J, Brookes K, Mill J, Sham P, Craig I, Taylor E, Asherson P: DNA pooling analysis of 21 norepinephrine transporter gene SNPs with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: no evidence for association. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2005, 134(1):115-118.
24. Barr CL, Kroft J, Feng Y, Wigg K, Roberts W, Malone M, Ickowicz A, Schachar R, Tannock R, Kennedy JL: The norepinephrine transporter gene and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Med Genet 2002, 114(3):255-259.
25. De Luca V, Muglia P, Jain U, Kennedy JL: No evidence of linkage or association between the norepinephrine transporter (NET) gene MnII polymorphism and adult ADHD. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2004, 124(1):38-40.
26. McEvoy B, Hawi Z, Fitzgerald M, Gill M: No evidence of linkage or association between the norepinephrine transporter (NET) gene polymorphisms and ADHD in the Irish population. Am J Med Genet 2002, 114(6):665-666.
27. Bobb AJ, Addington AM, Sidransky E, Gornick MC, Lerch JP, Greenstein DK, Clasen LS, Sharp WS, Inoff-Germain G, Wavrant-De Vrieze F, Arcos-Burgos M, Straub RE, Hardy JA, Castellanos FX, Rapoport JL: Support for association between ADHD and two candidate genes: NET1 and DRD1. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2005, 134(1):67-72.
28. Moffitt TE, Caspi A, Rutter M: Strategy for investigating interactions between measured genes and measured environments. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005, 62(5):473-81.
29. Caspi A, McClay J, Moffitt TE, et al.: Role of genotype in the cycle of violence in maltreated children. Science 2002, 297(5582):851-4.
30. Caspi A, Sugden K, Moffitt TE, Taylor A, Craig IW, Harrington H, McClay J, Mill J, Martin J, Braithwaite A, Poulton R: Influence of life stress on depression: moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene. Science 2003, 301(5631):386-9.
31. Kendler KS, Kuhn JW, Vittum J, Prescott CA, Riley B: The interaction of stressful life events and a serotonin transporter polymorphism in the prediction of episodes of major depression: a replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005, 62(5):529-35.
32. Kaufman J, Yang BZ, Douglas-Palumberi H, Houshyar S, Lipschitz D, Krystal JH, Gelernter J: Social supports and serotonin transporter gene moderate depression in maltreated children. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004, 101(49):17316-21.
33. Eley TC, Sugden K, Corsico A, Gregory AM, Sham P, McGuffin P, Plomin R, Craig IW: Gene-environment interaction analysis of serotonin system markers with adolescent depression. Mol Psychiatry 2004, 9(10):908-15.
34. Caspi A, Moffitt TE, Cannon M, McClay J, Murray R, Harrington H, Taylor A, Arseneault L, Williams B, Braithwaite A, Poulton R, Craig IW: Moderation of the effect of adolescent-onset cannabis use on adult psychosis by a functional polymorphism in the catechol-O-methyltransferase gene: longitudinal evidence of a gene X environment interaction. Biol Psychiatry 2005, 57(10):1117-27.
35. Eaves LJ: Genotype × Environment interaction in psychopathology: fact or artifact? Twin Res Hum Genet 2006, 9(1):1-8.
36. Gottesman II, Gould TD: The endophenotype concept in psychiatry: etymology and strategic intentions. Am J Psychiatry 2003, 160(4):636-645.
37. Gottesman II, Shields J: Genetic theorizing and schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 1973, 122(566):15-30.
38. Doyle AE, Willcutt EG, Seidman LJ, Biederman J, Chouinard VA, Silva J, Faraone SV: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder endophenotypes. Biol Psychiatry 2005, 57(11):1324-1335.
39. Kuntsi J, Asherson P: An Interdisciplinary Approach to ADHD. In Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder research developments Edited by: Larimer M. Nova Science Publishers; 2005.
40. Waldman ID: Statistical approaches to complex phenotypes: evaluating neuropsychological endophenotypes for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2005, 57(11):1347-1356.
41. Doyle AE, Faraone SV, Seidman LJ, Willcutt EG, Nigg JT, Waldman ID, Pennington BF, Peart J, Biederman J: Are endophenotypes based on measures of executive functions useful for molecular genetic studies of ADHD? J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2005, 46(7):774-803.
42. Castellanos FX, Tannock R: Neuroscience of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder: the search for endophenotypes. Nat Rev Neurosci 2002, 3(8):617-628.
43. Nigg JT: Neuropsychologic theory and findings in attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder: the state of the field and salient challenges for the coming decade. Biol Psychiatry 2005, 57(11):1424-1435.
44. Neale MC, Cardon RL: Methodology for genetic studies of twins and families. Dordrecht Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992.
45. Anokhin AP, Heath AC, Ralano A: Genetic influences on frontal brain function: WCST performance in twins. Neuroreport 2003, 14(15):1975-1978.
46. Anokhin AP, Heath AC, Myers E, Ralano A, Wood S: Genetic influences on prepulse inhibition of startle reflex in humans. Neurosci Lett 2003, 353(1):45-48.
47. Stins JF, van Baal GC, Polderman TJ, Verhulst FC, Boomsma DI: Heritability of Stroop and flanker performance in 12-year old children. BMC Neurosci 2004, 5(1):49.
48. Rijsdijk FV, Vernon PA, Boomsma DI: The genetic basis of the relation between speed-of-information-processing and IQ. Behav Brain Res 1998, 95(1):77-84.
49. Luciano M, Wright M, Smith GA, Geffen GM, Geffen LB, Martin NG: Genetic covariance among measures of information processing speed, working memory, and IQ. Behav Genet 2001, 31(6):581-592.
50. Ando J, Ono Y, Wright MJ: Genetic structure of spatial and verbal working memory. Behav Genet 2001, 31(6):615-624.
51. Kuntsi J, Rogers H, Swinard G, Borger NA, Van Der Meere JJ, Rijsdijk F, Asherson P: Reaction time, inhibition, working memory and 'delay aversion' performance: genetic influences and their interpretation. Psychol Medicine 2006 in press.
52. Kuntsi J, Andreou P, Ma J, Borger NA, van der Meere JJ: Testing assumptions for endophenotype studies in ADHD: reliability and validity of tasks in a general population sample. BMC Psychiatry 2005, 5:40.
53. Kuntsi J, Stevenson J: Psychological mechanisms in hyperactivity: II. The role of genetic factors. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2001, 42(2):211-219.
54. Nigg JT, Blaskey LG, Stawicki JA, Sachek J: Evaluating the endophenotype model of ADHD neuropsychological deficit: results for parents and siblings of children with ADHD combined and inattentive subtypes. J Abnorm Psychol 2004, 113(4):614-625.
55. Slaats-Willemse D, Swaab-Barneveld H, De Sonneville L, Buitelaar J: Familial clustering of executive functioning in affected sibling pair families with ADHD. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2005, 44(4):385-391.
56. Ford T, Goodman R, Meltzer H: The British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Survey 1999: the prevalence of DSM-IV disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2003, 42(10):1203-1211.
57. Todd RD, Rasmussen ER, Neuman RJ, Reich W, Hudziak JJ, Bucholz KK, Madden PA, Heath A. Familiality and heritability of subtypes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in a population sample of adolescent female twins. Am J Psychiatry 2001, 158(11):1891-1898.
58. Asherson P, Kuntsi J, Taylor E: Unravelling the complexity of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a behavioural genomic approach. Br J Psychiatry 2005, 187:103-105.